PREPARED  UNDER 
THE  SUPERVISION  OF 
JOHN  L.  STODDARD 


Glimpses  of  the  World 

A  PORTFOLIO 

OF  PHOTOGRAPHS  OF  THE  MARVELOUS  WORKS  OF  GOD  AND  MAN 


PREPARED  UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION  OF  THE  DISTINGUISHED  LECTURER  AND  TRAVELER 

John  L.  Stoddard 


CONTAINING  A  RARE  AND  ELABORATE  COLLECTION  OF  PHOTOGRAPHIC  VIEWS 
OF  THE  ENTIRE  WORLD  OF  NATURE  AND  ART 


PRESENTING  AND  DESCRIBING  THE  CHOICEST  TREASURES  OF 

Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  Australia,  North  and  South  America 

THE  OLD  WORLD  AND  THE  NEW 

Sold  only  by  Subscription 


THE  WERNER  COMPANY 
CHICAGO  NEW  YORK  LONDON  PARIS  BERLIN 


Copyright  1892  by  the  R.  S.  Peai.e  Company 
....All  Rights  Reserved.... 


INTRODUCTION 


OME  VEARS  AGO.  in  the  heart  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  a  gentleman  encountered  a  French  priest.  Ins  locks 
completely  white  with  age.  traveling  apparently  for  pleasure.  Astonished  at  the  sight,  he  ventured  t  •  inquire 
what  had  induced  him  at  his  time  of  life  to  go  so  far  from  home.  "  '  T  is  very  easily  explained.’’  replied  the 
priest:  “six  months  ago  I  was  apparently  about  to  die.  One  night  I  dreamed  that  I  was  already  in  God's  presence 
and  that  he  spoke  to  me  these  words:  ‘My  child,  how  did  you  like  the  beautiful  world  I  gave  you  to  dwell  in  ?'  I 
answered  nothing:  in  fact,  I  was  too  mortified  to  answer.  For  think  ol  it!  I  who  had  preached  for  titty  years 
continually  of  a  ‘better  world.’  had  never  examined  this  at  all.  Awaking  from  my  dream.  I  made  a  vow  to  God. 
that  if  He  gave  me  back  my  health.  I  would  devote  some  months  at  least  to  seeing  and  admiring  His  work'  So 
here  I  am,  making  a  tour  of  the  world! 

All  ol  us  cannot,  it  is  true,  pursue  the  plan  of  the  French  priest  in  actually  traveling  around  the  globe:  but.  thanks  to  modern  art. 
even  those  whom  circumstances  keep  at  home  may  make  that  tour  in  imagination. 

"The  world  is  mine!  "  cried  Monte  Cristo  on  emerging  from  his  dungeon.  "The  world  is  mine!"  may  now  exclaim  each  man. 
woman  and  child  who  holds  this  volume  in  his  hands  in  a  far  truer  sense  than  any  ol  their  ancestors  could  possibly  have  used  those  \\>>rds 

even  tit  ty  vears  ago.  Then  men  could  only  READ  descriptions  of  the  marvels  of  the  world  in  nature,  architecture,  painting,  sculptures,  or 

imposing  ruins,  but  had  no  means  of  looking  on  their  counterparts  save  in  some  rare  and  frequently  inaccurate  paintings  <>r  engravings. 
To-day.  how  changed  the  scene!  In  order  to  make  real  advancement.  "  Hitch  your  wagon  to  a  star."  was  the  advice  of  Emerson,  m  other 
words,  toil)  forces  with  the  mighty  powers  of  the  universe,  and  progress  is  assured.  And  man  has  followed  the  advice  of  that  Philosopher 
of  Concord.  Some  daring  spirits  made  OUR  "Star”  (the  sun)  their  willing  slave,  and.  lo!  by  the  assistance  of  that  subtle  alchemist  the 


162485 


wonders  of  the  Earth  are  printed  with  infallible  accuracy,  and  multiplied  so  easily  that  even  the  remotest  village  in  Australia  or  America 
may  hold  within  itself  sun-tinted  reproductions  of  rare  scenes,  to  which  even  language  does  imperfect  justice,  just  as  the  little  wayside 
pool  may  treasure  in  its  shallow  depths  the  glorious  reflections  of  a  cloudless  sky. 

Between  the  covers  of  this  volume  is  an  admirable  series  ol  such  solar  portraits  selected  from  a  multitude  which  hang  within  the 
picture-gallery  of  the  traveler's  memory.  They  cover  almost  every  country  on  the  globe,  front  the  North  Cape,  which  rises  like  a  mighty 
sentinel  to  guard  the  coast  of  northern  Europe  from  the  Arctic  storms,  to  where  the  ruined  shrines  of  India  and  Egypt  raise  their  sublime 
but  mutilated  forms  in  silent  protest  at  the  ravages  of  Time  and  Man,  fanned  meanwhile  by  the  perfumed  breath  of  tropic  vegetation  or 
shaded  by  the  drooping  fringes  of  the  palm.  Or.  if  we  trace  the  progress  of  these  pictures  as  they  indicate  the  East  and  West,  they  show 
to  us  the  strange  peculiarities  of  race  and  clime,  from  the  unique  and  fascinating  civilization  of  Japan  to  the  barbaric  splendor  of  the 
Russian  Kremlin  or  the  enchanting  beauty  of  the  Bosphorus.  Such  faithful  deliniations  of  the  works  of  God  and  Man  are  not  designed 
to  merely  please  the  eye.  To  those  who  have  not  traveled  they  stimulate  their  longing  for  a  visit  either  to  the  Old  World  or  the  New.  and 
possibly  lead  them  to  decide  to  start  at  once  and  make  their  life-dream  a  reality. 

To  those  who  have  been  fortunate  enough  to  see  their  grand  originals  these  pictures  serve  as  charming  souvenirs,  recalling  pleasing 
incidents  which  might  have  otherwise  faded  gradually  from  their  recollection.  Moreover,  to  those  who  are  fond  of  narrating  to  their 
friends  the  beauty  of  some  celebrated  view,  or  the  magnificence  of  some  famous  building,  these  pictures  deftly  supplement  their  eloquence, 
and  render  still  more  vivid  and  attractive  their  descriptions.  Nor  is  this  all.  Such  "Glimpses  of  the  World  as  lie  before  us  here,  impart 
an  added  charm  to  books  of  travel  and  of  history.  To  read  a  printed  page  of  Prescott's  graphic  story  of  the  Conquest  of  Mexico  gives 
certainly  pleasure  in  itself:  but  how  that  pleasure  is  increased  lor  us  if  we  can  turn  from  time  to  time  and  see  portrayed  in  bcautv  and 
with  perfect  accuracy  in  a  book  like  this  the  City  of  the  Montezumas.  or  the  imposing  form  of  the  sublime  volcano.  Popocatapetl.  which 
at  the  coming  ol  the  Spaniards  was  still,  as  its  old  Aztec  name  denotes.  “  The  Smoking  Mountain."  and  which  the  Indians  looked  upon  as 
the  abode  ot  tortured  spirits,  whose  writhings  in  their  fiery  prison-house  produced  the  great  convulsions  which  had  marked  its  history! 
Even  in  reference  to  modern  times,  to  merely  READ  of  Valparaiso  and  Chilians  conveys  a  very  limited  idea  of  either  the  city  or  its 
inhabitants,  compared  with  that  acquired  by  the  views  of  those  identical  localities.  Again,  and  perhaps  most  important  of  all.  who  can 
sufficiently  praise  the  influence  of  faithful  illustrations  in  stimulating  study  and  investigation  ? 


Pictures  are  keys  which  unlock  for  us  many  libraries.  Without  their  charm  our  minds  too  often  would  not  be  led  on  to  explore 
the  FACTS  of  which  the  illustrations  are  the  SYMBOLS.  Thus,  pictures  of  the  Courts  of  the  Alhambra  inspire  one  to  learn  the  history  of 
the  accomplished,  fascinating  race,  which  made  that  Moori>h  citadel  a  peerless  specimen  of  Arabian  art  and  Oriental  splendor. 

A  view  of  Scott's  delightful  home  at  Abbotsford,  or  of  fair  "Ellen's  Isle"  floating  like  a  medallion  on  the  bosom  of  Loch  Katrine, 
awakens  a  desire  to  read  the  “Lady  of  the  Lake  and  other  works  by  the  same  gifted  author:  while  by  beholding  in  reality  or  on  the 
illumined  page  the  stately  Trossachs.  or  romantic  Melrose  Abbey  hallowed  bv  Scott  's  genius,  we  realize  as  never  before  the  debt  of  grati¬ 
tude  the  world  still  owes  to  that  enchanting  "Wizard  of  the  North."  To  one.  therefore,  who  looks  aright  through  these  attractive  pages 
the  graceful  forms  depicted  here  are  eloquent  in  their  suggestiveness.  A  hundred  different  works  of  poetrv.  art,  historv.  and  fiction  by  the 
best  writers  ot  the  world  are  quickly  called  to  mind  by  one  who  sees  beneath  the  surface  of  these  lights  and  shadows.  Is  it  <  n  scenes  in 
France  or  Germany  that  we  are  gazing  ?  What  histories  of  the  French  Revolution,  of  Napoleon  and  of  Frederick  the  Great,  do  not  at  once 
present  themselves  as  pleasurable  subjects  for  a  winter's  reading  ?  Are  we  beholding  views  of  Florence  ?  Instinctively  we  wish  to  read, 
among  the  many  books  associated  with  that  city  of  the  Renaissance,  George  Eliot  s  "Romola."  and  Grimm's  "Life  of  Michael  Angelo.” 
Are  we  enjoying  Roman  pictures  ?  Here  truly  the  amount  of  ecclesiastical,  historical,  poetical  and  classic  literature  thus  suggested  is  too 
immense  to  be  enumerated.  While  hardly  can  a  single  portraiture  of  art  or  scenery  in  Italy,  Switzerland.  Greece,  or  on  the  castle-bordered 
Rhine,  be  spread  before  us,  without  evoking  memories  of  that  incomparable  volume  of  the  traveler's  library.  Lord  Byron's  masterpiece. 
"Childe  Harold."  whose  thrilling  stanzas  one  by  one  were  left  by  him  like  a  long  line  of  detached  pearls  to  mark  the  poet  s  pilgrimage 
from  land  to  land.  For  let  us  not  dece’ve  ourselves.  The  benefit  of  travel  COMES  not  from  the  distance  TRAVERSED  nor 
FROM  THE  SCENES  REFLECTED  ON  THE  RETINA.  BUT  FROM  THE  INTELLECTUAL  STIMULUS  THUS  AWAKENED.  AND  THE  AMOUM  OF 
thought  AND  READING  WHICH  RESULT  therefrom,  just  as  a  man  is  nourished  not  by  the  quantity  of  food  which  he  may  EAT,  but  by 
the  amount  which  he  assimilates  and  makes  his  own.  Thus  properly  followed  up  and  utilized,  this  volume  of  selections  from  the 
world's  great  treasure-house  may  prove  more  beneficial  to  the  thoughtful  reader  and  observer  than  actual  travel  round  the  globe  would  be 
to  one  who  did  not  wake  to  the  significance  of  what  he  saw.  "  That  stick.  Sir.  has  been  round  the  world.”  exclaimed  a  man  one  day  to 
Sidney  Smith,  as  he  held  out  to  him  a  valued  cane.  "  Dear  me! "  was  the  reply,  “and  yet  it  is  only  a  stick  after  all."  When  Italy,  Greece. 
Egypt.  India,  and  other  lands,  have  become  permanent  and  intelligible  possessions  of  our  minds,  then  we  have  really  in  the 


1G2485 


more  fortunate,  may  see  those  countries  with  his  own  eyes  and  yet  know  next  to  nothing  of  the  part  which  they  have  played  upon  the 


stage  of  history. 


An  ancient  proverb  says  that  the  world  is  a  kind  of  hook,  of  which  we  must  read  merely  the  first  page,  when  we  have  seen  only 
our  own  country.  It  is  true.  Goethe  has  justly  said:  "  Wem  Gott  will  rechte  Kunst  eru.isen.  Den  schickt  Er  in  die  Weite  Welt 
t  “Him  whom  the  Gods  true  art  would  teach,  They  send  out  in  the  mighty  world  "  ).  Whether  this  “sending  out  "  into  the  world  he 
interpreted  literally,  or  as  referring  to  the  mind  awakened  to  activity  through  the  printed  and  the  pictured  page,  the  truth  is  still  the  same. 
Expansion,  growth,  broader  experience,  and  wider  charity,  these  are  the  fruits  ot  that  RbAL  travel  which  is  of  the  mind. 

It  may  be  said  that  these  two  hundred  and  sixty  illustrations  here  are  not  harmonious,  because  collected  in  so  many  and  such  differ¬ 
ent  lands.  They  do  present  a  great  variety,  it  is  true,  yet  the  same  solar  Artist  sketched  them  all,  as  one  by  one  the  globe  of  which  they 
form  a  part  rolled  its  successive  groups  of  Nature  and  Humanity  within  its  brilliant  grasp!  To  represent  them  all  would  be  impossible. 
This  volume  therefore  may  be  likened  to  some  of  those  mosaic  tables  which  we  occasionally  see  in  some  ot  the  grand  palaces  of  Florence, 
whose  polished  surface  is  composed  of  precious  stones,  each  worthy  of  minute  inspection,  vet  forming  with  the  rest  a  combination  of 
artistic  excellence  all  the  more  pleasing  from  its  wonderful  variety.  And  if  you  ask  what  rule  the  lapidary  has  followed  in  his  grouping  of 
the  greater  part  of  the  mosaics  represented  in  this  work,  he  can  reply  that  his  chief  motive  in  selecting  them  has  been  like  that  of  the  Duke 
of  Buckingham,  when  in  the  place  where  Anne  of  Austria  had  whispered  that  she  loved  him  he  purposely  let  fall  a  precious  gem.  desiring 
that  by  finding  it  another  might  be  happy  where  he  himself  had  been. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


EUROPE 

FRANCE 

Paris 


Panorama  ot  Paris 

15 

Place  de  la  Concorde 

( Instantaneous ) 

17 

Boulevard  Madeleine 

( Instantaneous ) 

19 

Rue  de  Rivoli 

( Instantaneous ) 

21 

Eiffel  Tower 

2i 

Vendome  Column  . 

25 

Column  July 

27 

Hotel  de  Ville 

( Instantaneous) 

29 

Tomb  of  Napoleon 

*1 

The  Bourse 

i  Instantaneous ) 

a 

Trocadero 

i5 

Grand  Opera  House,  Exterior 

( Instantaneous ) 

17 

Grand  Opera  House.  Interior 

( Instantaneous) 

*9 

Arch  of  Triumph 

41 

Madeleine  . 

4t 

Louvre  .... 

45 

Louvre  Gallery 

Venus  de  Milo.  Statuary.  Unknown 

47 

Immaculate  Conception.  Painting. 

Murillo 

49 

Luxembourg  Gallery 

Napoleon  III  at  Solferino.  Painting.  Meissonier 

5t 

Versailles  P*Gr 

Royal  Palace  .  .  .  . 

Napoleon's  Carriage  .  .5s 

Boudoir  of  Marie  Antoinette.  Trianon  57 

Gallery  of  Battles  .  59 

Versailles  Gallery 

Battle  of  Rivoli.  Painting,  Philippoteaux  .  61 

Last  Days  of  Napoleon  at  St.  Helena.  Statuary,  Vela  6t 
Fontainebleau 

Royal  Palace  .....  6s 

Gallery  of  Henry  II.  Royal  Palace  67 

SOUTHERN  FRANCE 

Promenade,  Nice  .....  6‘> 

Casino.  Monte  Carlo  .  .71 

ENGLAND 

Windsor  Castle  . 

Haddon  Hall . 75 

Kenilworth  Castle  .....  77 

Shakespeare's  House.  Stratford-on-Avon  .  79 

Ann  Hathaway's  Cottage.  Stratford-on-Avon  .  HI 

Churchyard  of  Stoke-Pogis  .  .  8* 

Liverpool.  Lime  Street  and  Station  (Instantaneous  \  85 

London 

Thames  Embankment  and  Obelisk  (Instantaneous)  87 


9 


10 


Trafalgar  Square 

( Instantaneous ) 

London  Bridge  . 

<  Instantaneous ) 

Bank  of  England 

<  Instantaneous ) 

Houses  of  Parliament 

St.  Paul's  Cathedral  . 

Tower  of  London  . 

Westminster  Abbey 

Poet's  Corner.  Westminster  Abbey 

Albert  Memorial 

Old  Curiosity  Shop 

Throne  Room.  Buckingham  Palac 

e 

IRELAND 

Muckross  Abbey 

Blarney  Castle 

Dublin 

Custom  House 

Sackville  Street 

i  Instantaneous ) 

SCOTLAND 

Edinburg 

t  Instantaneous) 

Abbotsford  .... 

Balmoral  Castle 

Holyrood  Palace 

Melrose  Abbey  . 

The  Trossachs 

Ellen's  Isle.  Loch  Katrine 

Fingal's  Cave.  Island  of  Staflfa 

Burns'  Cottage  . 

NORWAY 

North  Cape 

Group  of  Lapps 

Borgund  Church 

Naerodal  Pass  . 

SWEDEN 

Stockholm 

Panorama  of  Stockholm 

Royal  Palace 

CONTENTS. 

DENMARK 

Copenhagen 

Street  and  Canals  . 

Rosenberg  Palace 
GERMANY 

Hamburg  Harbor 
Frankfort 

Gutenberg  Monument,  Frankfort 
The  Rhine  and  Cologne 
Heidelberg  Castle 
Coblentz  on  the  Rhine 
The  Rhine,  Gutenfels,  and  the  Pfalz 
Oberammergau.  Passion  Play 
Berlin 

EmDeror’s  Palace  . 


89 

91 

9$ 

9$ 

97 

99 

101 

10* 

io? 

107 

109 

111 

II? 


<  Instantaneous ) 


11? 

117 

119 

121 

12* 

12? 

127 

129 

1*1 

1** 

1*? 

1*7 

1*9 

141 

14* 


14? 

147 


Prince  Bismarck's  Residence  . 

Brandenburg  Gate  .... 
Royal  Museum  .... 
Unter  den  Linden  ..... 
Comedy  Theatre,  Schiller  Platz 
Mausoleum  at  Charlottenburg 
Dresden  Gallery 

The  Holy  Night.  Painting,  Correggio  . 

Queen  Louisa  of  Prussia,  Painting,  Richter 
Munich  Gallery 

Building  the  Pyramids.  Painting,  Richter 
HOLLAND 

The  Beach.  Scheveningen  ... 

Dutch  Windmills.  Zaandam 

Rotterdam  ...... 

BELGIUM 

The  Quays  of  Antwerp  .... 
Brussels 
The  Bourse 

Royal  Palace  ..... 
Boulevard  Anspach  (Instantaneous) 


I' AG  I 

149 

1>l 

Is* 

lss 

1?7 

1s9 

161 

16* 

16s 

167 


169 

171 

17* 

17? 

177 

179 

181 

18* 

18? 

187 

189 

191 

19* 

19? 

197 

199 

201 


CONTENTS. 


SWITZERLAND 

Panorama  Lucerne  .  .  .  .  .  20* 

Panorama  Geneva  .....  20? 

Tluin  and  Bernese  Alps  ....  207 

Mer  de  Glace  .  ....  209 

Mont  Blanc  .  .  .211 

St.  Gotthard  Pass  and  Bridge  .  21 J 

AUSTRIA 
Vienna 

Maximilian  Platz  .  .  ( Instantaneous' )  21? 

Volksgarten  and  Theseum  .  217 

Houses  of  Parliament  ....  219 

Hofburg  Theatre  ....  221 

Museums  and  Statue  Maria  Theresa  .  22* 

The  Graben  .  .  (Instantaneous)  22? 

ITALY 

Rome 

St.  Peter's . 227 

Vatican  Library  .....  229 
Sistine  Chapel.  Vatican  .  .  2*1 

Colosseum.  Exterior  .  .  .2** 

Colosseum.  Interior  .  2*? 

The  Forum  .2*7 

Appian  Way  .....  2*9 

Castle  San  Angelo  and  River  Tiber  .241 

The  Capitol  .24* 

Dying  Gaul.  Capitol.  Statuary.  Unknown  24? 

Vatican  Gallery 

Old  Father  Nile.  Statuary.  Unknown  .  .  247 

Transfiguration.  Painting.  Raphael  .  .  249 

Florence 

Panorama  of  Florence  .  .  .  2?  I 

Palazzo  Vecchio  .  .  .  2?  * 

Ponte  Vecchio  .  .  .2?? 

Hall  of  Saturn,  Pitti  Palace 

Loggia  de  Lanzi  2?q 


Seizure  of  Polyxena.  Loggia  de  Lanzi.  Statuary.  Fedi  261 


David.  Statuary,  M.  Angelo  .  26* 

Venice 

Grand  Canal  ...  >6? 

The  Piazzetta  ...  .  267 

The  Rialto  269 

St.  Mark’s  Church  271 

Bridge  of  Sighs  .27* 

Courtyard.  Ducal  Palace.  .  .27? 

Naples 

Panorama  Naples  Bay  and  Mount  Vesuvius.  .  277 

Santa  Lucia  279 

Pompeii 

Civil  Forum  .....  281 

Sorrento  .  .28* 

Milan 

Cathedral  ....  *8? 

Statue.  Leonardo  da  Vinci  .  .  .  287 

Pisa 

Leaning  Tower  ....  289 

Genoa 

Statue  of  Columbus  .  .  .  291 

Turin 

Piazza  Carlo  Alberto  ....  29* 

Lake  Maggiore 

(sola  Bella  ......  29? 

Sicily 

Palermo.  Monte  Pellegrino  .  .  .  297 

Island  of  Capri 

Marina  Grande  ...  299 

SPAIN 

Madrid 

Puerta  del  Sol  ....  *01 

Granada 

Alhambra  from  Generaliffe  .  .  *0* 

Court  of  Myrtles.  Alhambra  .  *0? 


12 


Seville 

Salon  of  Maria  de  Padilla.  Alcazar 
View  from  the  Giralda 
Cordova 

Court  of  Oranges  and  Mosque 
Gibraltar 

Fortifications  . 

PORTUGAL 

Lisbon 

Panorama  Oporto 

RUSSIA 

St.  Petersburg 
Winter  Palace 
Moscow 

Palace  of  Petrowski 
Cathedral  of  St.  Basil 
Kremlin 
The  Great  Bell 

TURKEY 

Constantinople 

Panorama  from  Bosphorus 
Imperial  Palace  of  Beylerbey 
Mosque  of  Achmet 
GREECE 
Athens 

Modern  Athens 
Parthenon  . 

Pira;us.  Port  of  Athens 

AFRICA 

EGYPT 

Cairo 

View  Towards  Citadel 
Citadel 

Street  Scene.  The  Ezbekiveh  . 


PAG  I 


COM  KM  S. 


MCI 


*07 

509 

*11 

*1* 

W 

*17 


*19 

*21 

*2* 

*2? 

*27 


*29 

**1 

*** 


**N 

**7 
*  *9 


*41 

*4* 

*4^ 


Alexandria 

Harbor 

Pompey’s  Pillar 
Palace  and  Harem  . 

Mahmudiveh  Canal 
Ghizeh 

Pyramids  and  Sphinx 
Climbing  the  Great  Pyramid  . 
Thebes 

Avenue  of  Sphinxes.  Karnak 
Ruins  of  Temple 
Dahabeeahs,  or  Nile  Boats 
Algeria 

Group  of  Moorish  Women 
Morocco 

Cape  Spartel.  Tangiers 
Sahara  Desert 

Camp  of  a  Caravan 
South  Africa 

Cape  Town  from  Harbor  . 

ASIA 

SYRIA 

Damascus  . 

Acropolis  Baalbek  . 

PALESTINE 

Jerusalem 

Jerusalem  from  Mount  of  Olives 
Garden  of  Gethsemane 
Mosque  of  Omar  . 

Church  of  Holy  Sepulchre 
Bethlehem 

Panorama  View 
Rachel’s  Tomb 
Nazareth  . 


*47 

*49 

*‘Jl 

K* 

*>> 

i>7 

*s9 

*61 

*6* 


*6> 

*67 

*69 

*71 


*7* 

*7> 


*77 

*79 

*81 

*8* 

*8> 

*87 

*89 


Capernaum,  Galilee 
River  Jordan 
Station.  Ramleh 


INDIA 

Vale  of  Cashmere  ..... 
Gateway  to  Lucknow 

Bridge  of  Shops.  Srinagar  .... 
Himalaya  Mountains,  from  Darjeeling 
Burning  Ghat.  Benares 
The  Pearl  Mosque.  Agra 

Nassick  ..... 
Delhi 

Junima  Musjid  .  .  . 

Calcutta 

Government  House 

Native  Village  .  • 

Clive  Street  .  .  ( Instantaneous  i 

CHINA 

Temple  of  Five  HundredGods.  Canton 
JAPAN 

Panorama  Yokohama  and  Haihor 
Great  Bronze  Buddha.  Kamakura  . 

Hectagonal  Temple.  Kioto 
Street  in  Tokio 

Yezo  Men  ...... 

AUSTRALIA 

Town  Hall.  Sydney 
Natives  of  Queensland 
NEW  ZEALAND 

Harbor  of  Auckland 
SANDWICH  ISLANDS 

Royal  Palace  and  Family.  Honolulu 

SOUTH  AMERICA 

CHILI 

Valparaiso  and  Harbor 


CONTENTS. 

1* 

*91 

National  Congress  Building.  Santiago 

441 

*9* 

Upspaliata  Pass.  Andes  Mountains 

44* 

ECUADOR 

Mount  Chimborazo  ... 

445 

*97 

BRAZIL 

*99 

Rio  De  Janeiro 

•101 

Harbor  ...... 

447 

40* 

Botanical  Gardens  and  Mt.  Corcovado 

449 

405 

VENEZUELA 

407 

La  Guaira  ...... 

451 

409 

WEST  INDIES 

411 

CUBA 

Havana  .  .  .  . 

45  * 

41* 

NORTH  AMERICA 

415 

MEXICO 

417 

City  of  Mexico 

Panorama  from  Cathedral 

455 

419 

Cathedral  .... 

457 

Panorama  Guanajuato  .... 

459 

421 

Straw  Cottages.  Salamanca 

461 

42* 

The  Aqueduct  near  Queretaro 

46* 

425 

CANADA 

427 

Houses  of  Parliament.  Ottawa 

465 

429 

Montreal  and  Mt.  Royal  .... 

467 

Thousand  Islands.  St.  Lawrence  River 

469 

4*1 

The  Three  Sisters.  Canmore 

471 

4** 

ALASKA 

Muir  Glacier  .... 

47* 

4*5 

The  Bear.  Totem  Poles  . 

475 

4*7 

UNITED  STATES 

Washington,  D.  C. 

The  Capitol  .  .  • 

477 

The  White  House 

.  479 

4*9 

Pennsylvania  Avenue  .  (Instantaneous) 

481 

14 


VIRGINIA 

Washington's  House.  Mt.  Vernon 
PENNSYLVANIA 

Independence  Hall,  Philadelphia 
NEW  JERSEY 

The  Beach,  Atlantic  City  <  Instantaneou 

NEW  YORK 

Panorama  New  York  City  and  Brooklyn  Bridge 
Statue  of  Liberty.  New  York  Harbor 
Up  the  Hudson  from  West  Point 
Niagara  Falls 
MASSACHUSETTS 
Boston  Common 
Bunker  Hill  Monument  . 

Longfellow’s  House.  Cambridge 
The  Washington  Elm.  Cambridge 
ILLINOIS 

Masonic  Temple,  Chicago  • 

FLORIDA 

St.  Augustine 

Old  City  Gate  ■ 

Panorama  from  Ponce  de  Leon 
On  Indian  River 
NEW  MEXICO 

Adobe  Houses  • 


CONTENTS. 


r*r»i 


not 


48$ 

48? 

487 

489 

491 

49$ 

49? 


497 

499 

?0t 

?0$ 

?0? 


?07 

?09 

?11 

?1$ 


COLORADO 

Canyon  De  Las  Animas 

Windy  Point.  Pike  >  Peak  (Instantaneous)  '17 

Mountain  of  the  Holy  Cross  -  ■ 

The  Royal  Gorge  .  .  >21 

ARIZONA 


Cliff  Dwellings.  Mancos  Canyon,  Arizona 
YELLOWSTONE  NATIONAL  PARK 
Grand  Canyon  of  the  Yellowstone 
Crater  of  the  Giant  Geyser 
Mammoth  Hot  Springs 


?2$ 


?2' 


'2‘> 


UTAH 

Mormon  Temple  and  Park.  Sail  Lake  City 


IDAHO 

Shoshone  Falls  ... 

OREGON 

Mount  Hood  .  .  >$' 

CALIFORNIA 

China  Town,  San  Francisco  (Instantaneous)  >$7 


Cliff  House  and  Seal  Rocks.  Golden  Gate  •  >W 

Yosemite  Valley 

View  from  Artists’  Point  .  >41 

El  Capitan  .  >4$ 

Glacier  Point  ...  .  54? 

“  Wawona,”  Big  Tree  .  .  .  .  >47 

Mission  of  San  Juan  ....  549 


l'A  V  )HA M  A  UP  I*A His.  Puri*  i*  the  city  of  llic  Present,  u  Hume  i»  of  the  P.mt  Olliers  may  imitate  at.  tint  no  metropolis  of  modern  time*  can  really  be  coni|iar.d  to  tin  Freucli  cnpital 
for  it*  elegance  of  decoration.  llie  refined  gaiety  of  it*  manners,  anil  the  superb  arrangement  of  its  streets  niitl  boulevard*.  together  with  the  magnificence  of  its  architectural  triumph*  If 
Switxcrland  i«  •' the  piny -grotuul  of  Europe.’’  Pans  is  it*  favorite  pirns-  of  amusement  Hither  come  yenrly  hundred*  of  thousands  of  plcnsun  seckera  from  every  quarter  ..f  our  globe. 
Tln-re  i*  everything  in  Pnri*  to  please,  instruct  nnd  clmrin  Almost  every  window  ie  an  exhibition  of  art.  Each  prominent  street  i*  frequently  the  centre  of  some  Curntvol.  The  river 
■*.  u,r  which  divides  Paris  into  two  very  nearly  equal  sections  shoot*  arrow -like  beneath  twenty  eight  bridge*,  many  of  which  arc  eloquent  of  history  Thi*  Firnch  metro|«di>  ha*  n  popu 
Intion  of  nearly  tno  and  a  half  million*,  hut  is  exceedingly  compact  on  account  of  the  French  custom  of  liiing  in  apartments  rather  thnu  in  separate  houses  It  is  a  beautifully  tin ■»  city 
•pi,,.  cari.  bestowed  upon  its  thoroughfare*  is  something  which  excite*  the  admiration  of  all  tourist*,  nnd  i»  in  painful  contrast  to  the  w  iy  in  which  the  street*  of  many  of  our  great  American 
cities  urc  neglected  Perhaps  this  is  one  out  of  mnny  reasons  why  ”  flood  Americana,  when  they  die,  go  to  Paris." 

Ill 


I  I.A<  I'.  DI-  I.A  (ONCORDh,  PARIS  rhia  ia  the  moat  magnificent  public  aqunre  in  the  world.  On  one  aide  the  Ruo  Royale  extend*  to  the  majwtic  Church  of  Lu  Madeline.  Oppoaito 
I.,  that  ■*  the  river  Seine.  On  the  right  of  the  aqunre,  u»  we  here  behold  It.  i.  the  Garden  of  the Taillcriw,  and  on  the  left  the  fnmoua  promenade  of  the  Champ.  Kly.ee*  In  the  center  ri.c 
the  Egyptian  Obeli. k  erected  .here  during  the  reign  of  Loui*  Philippe.  It  i.  70  feel  high,  and  wn*  brought  hither  from  Luxor.  a  ...l.urb  of  ancient,  hundred-gated  Thebe.,”  where  it 
had  beer,  .landing  more  than  It. 000  year.  On  two  aide*  of  this  hUtorir  monolith  are  imposing  fountuin*.  and  around  the  Square  we  diarern  eight  eolo.aal  .eated  atatiiea  reprernting  the 
principal  ritiea  of  Prnnei  :  Lille.  Bordeaux,  Xante*,  Rouen,  Bre.t,  Marseilles,  Lyons,  and  Strasbourg.  Since  the  Pranco-Pmaoinn  war  the  »tntne  of  Strnabourg  lin.  been  emiatamlv  draped 
...  mourning  or  aurrounded  by  wreath*  of  flower*,  a  touching  p.oof  of  the  affection  .till  felt  by  the  French  f.  r  that  city  taken  from  then,  by  the  Goman.  The  hiMory  of  thi.  Place  dc  la 
Concorde  i.  n.  .ombre  a*  the  aquarc  itself  i.  gay,  It  »«,  the  favorite  place  of  execution  during  the  Reign  of  Terror  in  170H  4.  I  pon  the  .pot  which  that  Egyptian  obeliak  now  darken, 
with  it*  alnidow  stood  then  the  fatal  guillotine  which  belie ided  the  King  Loui*  XVI.  the  Queen  Marie  Antoinette,  the  Girondist.,  Charlotte  Corday.  Madame  Roland,  and  at  la.l  Danton, 
Rol.e.pierre  and  the  original  lenders  of  the  Revolution,  Chnteauhrinnd  well  aid,  in  view  of  the  thoumnda  who  had  perished  there,  that  nil  the  water  in  the  world  would  not  .ullicc  to 
wn*h  uwny  the  hlnoil  which  hnd  there  heen  ahed. 


17 


BOULEVARD  DB  LA  MADELEINE.  PARIS.  —Beginning  nt  (he  noble  church  of  tin  Madeleine,  which  »o  lorritily  resembles  n  Greek  Temple,  then  extends  for  nearly  three  mile*  to 
the  Place  do  In  Bastille  n  serin*  of  bountiful  thoroughfare*  known  ns  Title  original  Paris  Boulevard*  par  excrllim  <  There  are  eleven  of  these  -(reels,  succeeding  one  an-ulicr  like  links 
iu  a  goldeu  chain.  The  first  is  the  one  outlined  in  this  representation,  and  is  called  (from  the  building  at  its  commencement)  the  Boulevard  do  la  Madeleine.  Then-  i-  a  clinrm  alxjut 
these  Boulevard*  which  no  other  streets  in  the  world  seem  to  possess.  They  are  a  recognized  rendezvous  for  fashionable  idlers  and  pleasure  seekers.  Throng*  of  elegant  vehicles  pa** 
ami  ropaa*  here  every  afternoon  in  bewildering  succession.  On  their  broad  sidewalks  there  ars'  not  simply  thousands  of  prorocnaders,  but  hundreds  of  men  and  women  sent nl  at  little 
tables  in  front  of  glittering  eaf6a,  tipping  coffee  or  eau  suorve.  or  eating  an  ice-cream,  as  an  excuse  to  have  the  privilege  of  occupying,  os  it  were,  au  orchestra  chair  or  proweniutn  box  at 
tliis  attractive  spectacle  of  life  and  gaity,  of  which  the  Boulevard  itself  is  the  stage.  And  if  this  be  true  of  the  Boulevards  in  the  ort/r»n»/n.  still  more  brilliant  and  animates!  do  these 
sidewalks  become  on  pleasant  erming*.  when  every  catt  is  rndinnt  with  lights  repeated  in  innumerable  mirrors,  and  when  every  jeweler's  window »  look  like  the  entrance  to  Aladdin's 
fabled  cavern  I  Two  features  uf  Parisian  Boulevards  will  bo  recalled  by  every  traveler.  They  are  the  tall  circular  structure-  called  •  Kiowjui ' some  of  whn  li  an-  merely  i  o.  red  with 
theulrieal  advertisement*,  while  othcr*.»crvc  a*  newspaper  stands.  01  little  bar*  for  the  wile  of  iinintoxioaung drink* 

13 


HUE  DE  RIVOLI,  PARIS  Few  of  tho  iiiuiiy  beautiful  thorough  fare#  in  Puri*  are  morn  interesting  or  better  known  to  tlio  traveler  than  tin  Run  tie  Rivoli.  On  one  side  for  a  long 
distance  it  is  bordered  by  the  Harden  of  the  Tuilh-rie*.  the  former  site  of  the  Toil  lories  itself  (destroyed  by  the  Coinmimi«t«  in  1*7t  >.  and  tin  magnificent  Museum  of  the  I.ouvre  A  little 
further,  on  the  mime  side,  rises  the  hnndsomo  Gothic  monument  called  the  Tour  8t.  Jacques.  The  northern  portion  of  the  Ruedc  Rivoli  is  scarcely  le*s  interesting.  There  nre  tho  fumoua 
Pnlnis  Rural  nod  the  Theatre  Francois,  us  well  as  the  meat  Mngnsin  du  Louvre,  and  aueh  well-known  hotels  as  the  Continental,  the  Meuriee  ami  the  Windsor,  The  great  |iecullarity  of 
this  strerl  is  the  line  of  arcade*  rvtcnding  for  a  Ionic  distance  on  its  northern  side  These  are  formed  by  a  projection  of  the  second  story  of  each  building  over  the  sidewalk,  thus  furmdiing 
a  promeimdu  completely  sheltered  from  tho  sun  nnd  ruin.  Here  nre  innumerable  shops  of  jewelry,  photographs  and  fancy  nrtirlcs,  and  foreigners  nrr  continually  gathering  around  the 
attractive  windows,  like  moths  about  a  brilliant  flame  In  these  arcades  one  often  hears  more  English  spoken  than  French.  This  street  has  been  the  scene  of  many  thrilling  episodes  in 
history.  Some  of  its  arches  have  helicld  the  tumbrils  rolling  on  to  the  red  posted  (iuillotine  during  ibe  Reign  of  Terror.  Robespierre  himself,  like  the  hundreds  who  had  preceded  him, 
was  led  along  this  thornuglifnrc  to  the  gory  knife.  It  also  saw  the  humiliating  return  of  Louis  XVI  and  Marie  Antoinette  after  their  attempted  escape-,  nml  la-odes  having  witnessed  many 
of  the  dazzling  reception*  given  to  Napoleon,  its  name  commemorate*  one  of  his  most  brilliant  victories  over  the  Austrian*  in  Italy,  the  famous  hsttlcof  INrotu 


iPiilll 

tjilllfliii 

i'lHhiMti 

mm 

an  ■ 

ill 

iifimnu 

11! 

11! 


ililiilllili 


HOTEL  I)K  VILLE,  PARIS  Thin  magnificent  atracturc  has 
jjniml  proportion*,  Imt  nlso  from  tho  splendor  of  it*  decoration# 


n  tlic  roof  ai 
v  also  lavishly 


n  built  to  replace  the  old  Hotel  do  Ville  burned  by  the  Communist*  in  1871.  It*  eaterior  i«  Imposing  not  only  from  its 
Rome*,  tower*,  windows  ami  even  chimney*  nrc  all  adorned  with  stotuary  or  elaborate  earring  Upon  the  wall*  there  la 
ten  colossal  gilded  llgure*  representing  heralds,  nummoning,  a*  it  were,  the  people  of  Pnris  to  this,  their  City  Hall, 
corated  with  painting*  and  statue*.  One  con  not  look  upon  this  modem  structure  without  recalling  the  old  Hotel  do 
Thither  the  destroyers  of  the  Bastille  were  led  in  triumph.  Then*  the  ill-fated  Loin* 
and  from  it*  Hep*  in  1818  Loui*  Blanc  pmrlnimed 
lib'le  that  Frenchmen  could  hnve  been  found  capable  of  destroying  tliat  historic  «tni.  ture  But  on  the  20ih  of  .May.  1871,  the 
ComiminUL  nlneud  bnrrcla ol  gunpowdor  tad  petroleum  in  its  noble  "hen  rom,riM  b,  the  •"»!»  <•"*«•  ■>»  ‘"“-“T 

lor  .lrotroctlon.  Huy  .( II, .  u,  bo»,v,r.  p.rl.h.d  i»  tb,  mrofUgrotl.i,  whl.b  ..itied,  «r  do.,,  bj  lh,  loliin.t.d  -oldlcry.  Thu. II hi.  P„'- 

ttMBrol  p.1.0,, . I  ..h..a  her  bright,.,  .od  Ml.  lb,  grim  .1  rom.  M*  Tl<«*  f  ‘■i.tory,  Y„.  .11.  tom  •  «*"»  ** 

or  humon  .tnigglo  .n,i  od„n,„r,. .bl.h  m>  hro.d  ...  ood  uohut.ri,  oily  ,»r  pmm.  Th,  dUT.roo,.  I-  oklo  <°  «m  ■  y««"5  “* 

weapon*  never  used  nave  on  parade,  and  some  old  warrior  of  a  hundred  battle*,  whose  body  bear*  the  scar*  of  conflict  and  on  whose  blunted 


rentable  population  of  illui 
Tlic  court*  and  council-chamber*  of  tlii*  cdilii 

Ville  which  wn*iU  predecessor.  It  played  a  mo»t  important  port  in  thr  great  Revolution  of  I* 

XVI  assumed  the  tri-colored  cockade  before  the  maddened  populace  Within  its  wall*,  after  hi*  arrest,  Robespierre  attempted 
the  establishment  of  the  French  Republic. 


run  huMi  tiles 
Behind  her 
that  charm 


e  stains  of  b 


THK  HOI  USE  (OH  KXCIIANOE),  PARIS.—  A  handsome  structure  is  this  edifice  where  fortune*  nr*  to  cosily  made  and  loot.  Surrounded  by  eixty-«ix  Corinlblau  columns  this  building 
is  not  unlike  the  model  of  n  Temple  in  the  Homi.n  Forum  When  the  traveler  lins  seen  the »tock  exchange  of  New  York  or  the  Board  of  Trtule  in  Chicago,  there  is  nothing  especially  new 
or  strange  in  the  transactions  of  this  I’nris  Bonne.  Nevertheless  the  tumult  nnd  incessant  uproar  which  wake  the  echoes  of  these  wall*  from  twelve  o'clock  to  three  are  well  north  noting, 
a*  nn  indication  of  the  feverish  excitement  of  the  "Bulls  and  Bears,"  whose  characteristics  do  not  differ  materially,  whether  the  arena  where  their  combats  take  place  be  in  Wall  Street  or 
by  lake  Michigan,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Thames  or  here  in  Paris.  To  stund  in  tha  gallery  of  this  Bourse  anil  watch  the  paodcmoniuin  below  or  merely,  as  one  lingers  on  these  stop*,  to 
scrutinise  the  faces  of  successful  or  unfortunate  speculators  ns  they  leave  the  building,  afford*  nn  admirable  chance  to  study  interesting  phases  of  human  experience.  This  square,  or 
"Place  do  la  Bourse,"  isu  great  point  of  arrival  nnd  departure  of  the  Parisian  omnibuses,  the  demand  for  which  is  usually  greater  than  the  supply.  But  no  such  crowding  i*  possible  here 
as  in  our  public  vehicles  in  America.  Kaoh  passenger  is  entitled  to  a  seat,  which  he  secures  by  applying  for  a  “number,”  nt  the  office  in  the  square.  The  rule  of  "first  come,  first 
served,  is  rigidly  enforced,  anil  when  the  seats  in  the  coach  urc  filled,  it  rolls  away,  displaying  over  its  door  the  word  “Coinplct"  (full).  Who  docs  not  recollect  the  story  of  the 
disappointed  tourist  who  exclaimed  that  the  only  place  in  Paris  he  did  not  go  to  wasonc  called  "  Coin  pie  t  "  "Whenever  I  see  nn  omnibus  going  there,"  he  cried,  "  it  will  never  stop  for  mo!" 

as 


THE  TROCAOERO,  PARIS  Every  public  building  in  Pans  i,  not  on 
(or  the  great  Paris  Exhibition  ..f  1878.  The  place  which  it  OCCiipiCH  wi 
like  no  many  other  points  in  ami  about  the  city,  it  wax  transformed 
Trocadcro  iuclf,  with  its  extensive  wing*  <>r  galleries,  occupies  a  space 
flunked  on  each  side  by  u  graceful  tower  2fl0  feet  high.  In  front  of  the 
adorned  not  merely  with  flower-beds,  summer-house*  and  grottos,  but  v 
is  at  night  by  electricity,  forms  an  enchanting  spectacle.  The  Troendi 
world.  Here  are  also  several  museums  of  great  value,  among  them  one 
French  cathedrals,  the  staircases  of  the  French  chateaux  and  the  sculpt 
one  of  the  fort*  of  Cadix.  Spain,  captured  by  the  French  in  1823. 


Iv  beautifully  situated,  hut  beautiful  in  itself.  This  is  emphatically  true  of  the  Troeadero  Palace,  an  edifice  erected 
'  long  known  as  one  of  the  most  unsightly  .pot,  near  Paris,  having  twee  the  site  of  several  .tone  quarnc  But 
into  a  beautiful  locality  bv  order  of  Napoleon  III  to  whom,  with  all  hi.  faults,  Paris  much  indebted  The 
„n  the  ton  of  a  hill  1300  feet  long .  it  is  nu  Immense  circular  structure  crowned  by  a  colossal  'tatim  of  t  umc  and 
whole  building  is  an  arcade  forming  from  end  to  end  an  unbroken  promenade  Below  this  »  a  lovely  garden, 
Jith  fountains,  of  which  the  finest  is  a  grand  cascade  100  feet  in  diameter,  which,  when  illuminated. 

•ro  contains  a  grand  concert  hall  callable  of  seating  seven  thousand  people,  and  it.  organ 
portraying  different  styles  of  architecture  in  France,  and  representing  by  plaster 
ured  ornaments  of  the  various  Hotel*  de  Vllle  in  French  — ’r,“'  nt  ’’ 


of  the  largest  in  the 
the  beautiful  portal*  of  the  old 
The  name  of  this  handsome  edifice  i*  derived  from 


GRAND  OPERA  HOI  SE,  PAIRS  — Thl»  u  not  merely  one  of  tlio  most  magnificent  structure*  of  the  French  metropolis,  but  i*  the  largest  theatre  in  the  world  ;  not  strictly  so  in  regard  to 
it*  seating  capa<  ity.  which  accommodates  uliout  2,200  people,  but  in  the  nren  of  three  acre*  which  it  occupies  in  the  very  heart  of  the  city.  Tho  first  view  of  it  n*  one  approaches  it  along  the 
Boulevards  can  never  he  forgotten.  Broad  marble  steps  lend  up  to  u  facade  adorned  with  group*  of  statuary  representing  Lyric  Poetry,  Idyllic  Poetry,  Music,  Declamation,  Song  and 
Dance.  Above  these  lire  medallions  of  four  great  composer*,  and  over  these  extends  along  the  full  width  of  the  structure  a  Loggia  or  gnllcry  embellished  with  beautiful  Corinthian 
monolithic  columns  nnd  a  marble  parapet.  Above  the  windows  of  this  Loggia  the  eye  beholds  with  pleasure  medallion  busts,  in  gilded  bronre,  of  Mozart,  Beethoven.  Aubcr.  Houini, 
Meyerbeer  and  Hslcvy,  whose  noble  works  are  heard  ho  frequently  within  the  Temple  of  Music  which  they  thus  adorn.  To  right  and  left  upon  the  roof  colossal  groups  in  gilded  bronze 
stand  radiantly  forth  against  the  sky,  portraying  the  divinities  of  Poetry  and  Music  with  the  muses  in  their  train.  While  to  complete  the  charm  of  this  extraordinary  building,  there 
rises  in  the  center  a  majestic  dome  above  the  crown  of  which  wo  sets,  triumphant  over  all,  the  statue  of  Apollo  bolding  aloft  a  golden  lyre,  which  still  reflects  the  splendor  of  the  setting 
sun  long  after  evening  has  begun  to  spread  its  shadows  over  the  adjacent  streets,  which  soon  will  burst  forth  from  that  temporary  twilight  into  a  blaze  of  artificial  brilliancy  almost  as 
light  as  day,  which  makes  the  place  of  the  Grand  Opera  seem  like  the  dinmond-clup  in  that  long  belt  of  gaiety,  display  and  fuahion  known  us  the  Parisian  Boulevards. 

37 


ARCH  OF  TRIUMPH.  1*AKIS.-Ooe  ha*  to  .leal  with  .upcrlatlves  in  Faria.  To  *»y  that  this  it  the  (Inert  triumphal  arch  in  the  world  it  .tronp  .tatrmeut,  hut  It  ■•literally  true.  It 

wn>  begun  by  Nripoleon  I  to  . . unite  hit  marvelous  victories  in  1803  nnd  1H0C.  limit  after  the  rtyleof  the  old  Homan  «cheaof  triumph,  it  ocvcrUwIraa  ,ur,«.«.  them  both  ,o  .u 

.•niuil  .limeutioiu  . .  in  the  uuuruidoonl  effect  which  it  produce*.  Something  of  thi.  i*  duo  to  iu  unrivaled  lituntion.  It  "bind*  upon  a.,  elevation  from  which  nidiulc.  in  perfect 

symmetry.  twelve  of  the  Uncut  avenue*  in  existence.  The  gnndoat  of  thr.c  it  the  world-renowned  Champ*  Klyseev  Numcrou.  marble  relief.  u|*m  (hit  arch  commemorate  the  achievement, 
of  the  French  Around  the  turamit  an-  marhlo  medallion*  in  the  form  of  shield*  bearing  the  name*  of  varum,  brilliant  victories  Within  the  arch  are  the  name,  of  n  .ti  ffvoemli .  of  th. 
Republic  nnd  Kuipire.  On  each  of  iu  four  immense  pilaster.  i»  a  colowal  group  of  atutunry  in  relief,  of  which  the  one.  presented  in  tin.  illustration  portray  Nap..le..n  crowned  by  \  irtorv. 
and  Fmtiee  auramoning  her  children  to  Uke  up  »nn»  in  her  defen*.-  One  can  form  some  idea  of  the  grandeur  of  till*  structure  when  hr  reflect,  that  tt  1*  1«0  feet  in  height  and  140  in  breadth. 


THE  MADELEINE.  PARIS.  — Tliis  noble  building  transport,.  Greece  to  Pari..  It  is  a  splendid  reproduction  of  a  Greek  Temple.  Hu.  decoration.  of  which  are  "evert  idea,  decidedly 
Christian  in  their  character.  It  i.  iu  reality  the  -  Chureli  of  Mary  Magdalene, "  begun  by  Uni,  XV  in  17IM.  and  in  the  tympanum  «f  the  facade,  in  an  Immense  relief  portraying  the 
Lust  Judgment,  Marv  Magdalene  i.  represented  as  interceding  with  Christ  for  the  condemned.  A,  thi.  building  was  still  unfinished  at  the  time  of  the  Prvneh  Revolution  Napoleon 
changed  its  design’  nnd  tmn.fomicd  it  into  a  "Temple  of  Glory."  where  lie  intended  that  eulogies  should  he  pronounced  over  the  heroes  of  the  Nation  and  many  of  the  grand  deeds  of 
the  first  Empire  should  be  appropriately  celebrated  Hut  after  the  Man  of  Destiny  hsd  paa.e.l  away  from  the  stage  of  France,  the  original  ides  of  this  edifice  was  again  adopted,  and  the 
magnificent  structure  is  now a  Christian  church  I.  i,  a  most  impo.ing  building.  ,.o  less  than  334  feet  in  length  and  100  feet  in  height.  Stately  C  onoth.an  oo  timn. .with  elaborate  capitals 
entirely  surround  it  like  a  faithful  body  guard ;  eighteen  of  them  on  either  side,  while  sixteen  constitute  the  lofty  portico  which  fronts .upon  »»>c_H'.e  Hoyale  and  commencement  of  the 
Boulcvurds.  There  arc  no  windows  in  this  church,  which  is  constructed  exclusively  of  stone  and  receives  its  light  through  skylights  u 
a  building  should  have  cost  more  than  two  and  a  half  millionsof  dollar.' 


n  the  roof.  What  wonder  that  so  vast  and  beautiful 


TUB  LOUVRE.  PARIS  -Thia  aplendid  rdiflc, 
from  every  point;  it*  history  is  also  full  of  intci 
louvre  it  of  great  anthpiity.  dating  from  the  year  1200. 
Here  was  aolemnir.ed  in  1373  the  marriage  between  Hen 
i lie  signal  win.  here  given  for  the  massacre  of  tin-  llugui 
two  Napoleons  greatly  enlarged 
perns,  statuary  and  paintings,  are  of  incalculable 
of  which  gives  to  Paris  a  transcendent  imp. 
priceless  contents. 


dinp  in  the  very  heart  of  Pan*,  appeal,  to  u.  in  at  least  three  ways.  Us  architecture  is  of  the  highest  excellence  and  satufie.  the  eye 
,.l  finally  as  a  noble  Treasure-house  of  Art.  it  become,  one  of  the  .mat  important  building*  in  the  world  The  foundation  of  the 
]t  «m  U'od  a*  a  royal  re.idcnce  down  to  the  time  of  Louis  XIV.  who  removed  the  Court  to  the  munificent  Palace  of  \  ermiHea. 
enrv  IV  i he  gallant  llenrv  of  Navarre,”  snd  the  fair  Margaret  of  Valois,  and  five  day*  later,  on  the  night  of  the  34th  of  August, 
of  "St.  Bartholomew  ”  The  window  is  shown  where  Charles  IX  find  that  night  on  the  crowd  of  furtive.  The 
d  emUlli.lu-d  the  Uuvro.  and  formed  the  two  long  arm.  which  finally  united  it  with  the  palace  of  the  Tuilh  rie.  The  Lo.iv re  eollcct.on.  of  antupnUea, 

re.purcd  merely  to  briefly  catalogue  the  treasures  lu  re  contained,  the  possession 
Incredible  as  it  would  seem,  in  INTI  the  communists  tried  lo  destroy  this  entire  building  with  iu 
me*  was  thus  destroyed,  but  happily  the  government  troops 


arrived  in  tim 


on  the 
and  fo 

e.  yet  arc  opened  freely  to  the  public.  Volumes 

. . . , . .  .  all  students  and  lovi 

a  piece  of  vandalism  which  disgraces  the  nineteenth  century.  The  imperial  Library  of  00. 


t  further  h» 


41 


If! , 

iliNiii  f 


-jUil  ; 

n.mi 

I  I  a  -s  4  I  T 


lh> 

U 

li 


m  i 

;  *=  it  i 

Ilf-iri  *  e 


iS,i 

I  "  -  2  =  -  5 

liisij'fijiii 

MHii  pjiii 

gl'llsll  S|  |l  !d 


Adriatic."  For  Venice  ami  a  part  of  Lombnrdy 


■till  loft  to  Auttrln.  Ncorlholon.  »hon  Xopol.  no  111  o,t  «.  tin.  pointing  t.  pmoou  l.lm  .ntrovioit  lh.  olototj  tt  Solltnno.  ItU 

;,v, . - 


■porotl  tho  .1.00.0  of  Mo.ioo,  tho  l.otriblc  l.on.ili.lioo  of  Stolon,  ood  tho  mohtnoholy  tkoth  io  «lle  ot  Cl . Ihttfot.  lint  do.ii.i;  ■•"  . 

triumph  Tho  o ii flouts  ooro  right  tfltoo  th.j  nil  thot  O„o  of  moo'.  gtontoot  tni.fortuno.  U  thot  ho  don  not  koo.  tho  fight  tin.t  fof  h.to  to  lo.ro 


31 


PALACE  OP  VERSAILLES,  FRANCK  —  Thin  wonderful  building  mth  it*  citrnsivc  pork  mu  tho  home  »f  Lotti*  XIV.  who  caused  ii  t»  Im-  enr.ir,|  Imp  nt  i  p«i  nl  two  hundred 

million*  of  dollar*.  The  »lorir»  of  the  nnnihcr  of  inrn  mid  horse*  employed  in  it*  r-malriictlon  border  on  tho  fabulous.  Voltaire  called  it  '  Thr  A I  os*  <d  E»|«- .  '  litre  the  "Grand 

Mon  ui'li, "  I.ouis  XIV.  died,  to  lie  succeeded  by  tit.-  dU-lutr  l.miis  XV.  « ho  also  died  here,  dorted  alike  by  friend*  mol  roiirti.  r>.  lot  >li»  .«r  >.  ..  a  form  of  -m.ll-pov 

Tlrni  fora  few  yean  it  formed  the  abode  of  the  ill-fated  Louis  XVI  and  Marie  Antoinette,  imd  here  at  the  outbreak  of  the  French  Revolution  otcirml  tome  fearful  »• . .  violence. 

Witliiu  the  great  courtyard  iu  the  foreground  gathered  the  mob  of  starving  men  and  women  who  fin, illy  burnt  into  the  pnluro,  attempted  lo  kill  the  Queen,  ami  flnally  f-r.cd  the  myal 
fnmily  to  BO  I, nek  with  them  to  Pori*,  under  the  name*  of  "The  Bakrr.  the  Baker's  wile  mid  the  Raker'*  boy.”  Since  that  period  it  bn*  remameri  practically  uninlmhiteri.  It  i«  now  really 
a  National  Mu-rum.  .  ootaining  many  in t err. ting  hi.toric  rrlie.  nnd  superb  galleries  of  painting*  At  the  lime  of  the  siege  of  Par  *  by  the  German*  in  the  Franco- Prussian  w„r.  this  palace 
was  the  headquarter*  of  the  Prussian  King,  nnd  lu  re,  on  the  18th  of  January.  1871.  hr  *01  saluted  ns  Emperor  of  Germany. 

S3 


NAPOLKOX’S  CARRIAGE,  VERSAILLES.-  Among  the  relic*  of  royalty  and  of  th.-  empire  displayed  at  Veraalllea  is  this  magnificent  vehicle,  the  wooslwork  ■  which  u  one  maw  of 
gilding,'  while  the  interior  decoration*  arc  the  moat  elegant  dcacription  Thla  i»  said  to  be  the  carriage  in  which  the  Emperor  Nnpolcon  I  went  with  the  Empress  Mario  Loui»e  to 
solemnise  their  marriage  in  the  Cathedral  of  Notre  Daine.  All  Pari,  was  in  the  greatest  excitement,  and  Nnpolcon  >  future  acemcd  then  brilliant  beyond  all  precedent  in  modem  hi.tory. 
Yet  in  reality  these  gilded  wheels  were  swiftly  bearing  him  to  what  Nnpolcon  himself  subsequently  called,  ‘'an  abyss  covered  with  flowers  And  such  indeed  proved  be  this  fntal 
marriage  following  hi.  divorce  from  Josephine.  No  douht  Napoleon',  pride  was  gratified,  as  in  this  gorgeous  vehicle  he  sat  beside  his  Austrian  bride,  but  it  was  certainly  impossible 
for  him  to  ever  love  her  a*  he  had  once  loved  Josephine.  The  latter,  slightly  older  than  himself,  had  been  his  life-long  confidant  and  friend.  Stic  had  at  find  contributed  much  t..  his 
success.  Her  intuitions  made  her  a  most  useful  counsellor.  But  what  was  Marie  Louise!  A  simple,  inexperienced  girl,  with  whom  the  Emperor  always  wore  a  mask,  lest  his  designs 
should  through  her  reach  the  court  of  Austria!  The  one  possessed  a  character  ns  weak  and  vacillating  ns  her  face  would  indicate.  The  other  proved  herself  a  heroine  by  sacrificing  to 
the  interests  of  France  not  only  the  most  coviable  throne  in  Europe,  but  also  the  most  famous  of  earth’s  sovereigns,  and  the  mau  she  loved  "It  will  not  bring  him  fortune, " said  the 
common  people  when  the  divorce  had  been  proclaimed,  and  they  were  right. 


UOUUOlIt  OK  MAIUli  A  Mol  N  KT'l’E.  Till  A  N  <  >  N .  YKKSA1LLK&.  At  on.-  extremity  of  the  Park  Ycrsiulh*  .»  the  lovely  little  pi.lm.  of  Trianon,  the  fuv..ritc  ..  m.I.  .  ,.i  poor 
Marie  Antoinette.  Her  tn.tef.illy  decorated  boudoir  is  lien-  given  just  ...  when  occupied  by  her  This  |wlucc  was  originally  given  by  Louis  XV  to  Madame  do  Ham,  and  llo  royal  villa is 
still  visible.  Uui  the  special  charm  of  Trianon  lies  in  the  garden  around  this  royal  villa  abounding  in  ahtulcd  walks,  beautiful  trees  ....  artificial  lake,  mol.  above  all,  In  the  modest 
structure*  u«ed  by  Marie  Antoinette  and  the  ladies  of  her  Court  when  they  eame  lo  re  to  pluy  the  role  of  peasant*  Weary  of  frivolity,  the  Queen  would  often  turn  gladly  t..  the  oppo.it.' 
extreme.  Dressed  in  while  muslin  and  a  plain  .traw  hat  she  would  stroll  along  the  pall...  feeding  .  I.o  km.,  chasing  built  rtln  .  w  joining  in  games  of  blind  man'*  hull  and  fox  and  «■•>  « 
In  one  little  building  here,  railed  her  •*  Dairy,”  she  and  her  friends  would  make  butter  on  marble  tables  mol  laugh  with  glee  at  their  moderate  sucees*  Another  structure  lo r>  is  called  the 
••  Mill."  where  she  insisted  that  berhusband.  Louis  XVI.  should  ploy  the  part  of  miller,  while  she  and  her  Court-ladies  assumed  the  character  and  the  die**  of  ahcphcrdea.c*  or  simple 
DCasuot  girl*  It  is  pathetic  to  wander  through  these  deserted  though  carefully  kept  grounds,  and  to  thluk  of  the  tragic  fate  of  Marie  Antoinette,  who  prohal.ly  had  no  idea  that  King, 
and  Queens  wore  created  for  any  other  object  than  to  live  in  luxjrv  Hut  in  1T8D  the  clouds  wore  rapidly  gathering,  and  the  storm  was  to  burst  upon  "Little  Trianon"  with  fearful 
violence  When  the  young  Queen  left  this  Park,  and  at  the  demand  of  the  famished  populace  returned  tn  Pari.,  she  wa.  destine. I  to  never  ...  it  again  It  was  her  first  step  towards  the 
guillotine 


OAILFIIV  «»F  BATTI.FH  VKUSAII.I.KS  -One  of  the  moat  itnpoiiog  and  interesting  of  all  the  .plendid  apartment.  in  the  pnhre  of  Ycnollleei*  what  •*  railed  the  "•Llb-ft  •  Battle*  " 
ll  hwn  length  of  about  four  hundred  I.-.  I.  and  i»  lintel  from  .1,,  roof,  which  ..  mode  of  iron.  It  i*.  ...  the  n..mr  .loot,  v  o  gallery  .1.  ...  .hr  gh.riii.  .lion  of  .he  Cod  ■•(  War 

A  round  the  wnlinurv  eighty  marble  btuUcon.mcmon.ting  fniuou.  general.  of  Franco,  and  above  thee  ..re  . .  of  the  fin...  printing*  of  battle -c  m  •  that  Art  haa  vet  produced 

\  itumllv  the.  ..II  portray  the  glorio.  of  the  ar.nio.nf  France  in  early  m.d  in  recent  times  from  Charlemagne  ...  Napoleon.  The  Napoleonic  pi.inl.up-  ..re  i«rtuulnrlj  fm. ,  ami  reprem-nt 
in  •turtlinc  force  and  vividncM  inch  Victoria  a*  Aiwterlitx,  Jena,  Priedlnnd.  Rivoli  and  W.igram.  Thi.  and  the  many  other  picture  galierie*  ,.t  Wr-o.lle*  air  therefore  not  mere 
exhibition*  of  art.  they  ..re  illumined  tablet*  of  bi.torv,  calculated  to  awaken  patriotism  and  .timulatc  the  youth  of  France  to  acquire  »  knowledge  of  their  country  -  h.atory  and  to 

emulate  the  heroic  deed*  immortalir.ed  here  . .  the  glowing  nova.  Like  all  the  other  National  . . .  of  Frame,  tin*  Pnlnceof  \ cr*.»»e*  .*  fieri?  «o«l  -an  be 

..moved  and  utllifc.lby  the  humbled  pea*a..t  It  i»  greatly  to  the  credit  of  the  Ocrnmua.  when  they  occup.e.l  tin*  palace  during  the  *>.  ge  of  I  an.  ...  IKTt.  that  thm  .arcfully  cwred 
then  jminting*  m.d  preserved  them  from  injury,  although  many  of  then,  ropraaented  humiliating  defeat,  which  thr.r  father,  ■uffered  under  the  iron  hand  »f  the  firm  . . Icon 


HlTl'ir  OF  HIVOI.I  GALLKHY  OK  BATTLES,  VERSAILLES  -  One  of  the  finest  paintings  in  this  Martini  gallery  is  that  entitled  the  Battle  of  Rivoli.  It  is  the  work  of  the 
•leb.ulcd  artist  I'nilllpotcnux  It  rcpiesents  the  young  Nnpoleon  nt  one  of  the  proudest  moment,  in  hia  eventful  life,  n»  lie  conducted  tlml  memorable  .truggle  amid  the  Alps  m  1707. 
when  lie  ho  signally  defeated  the  Austrians  The  Portrait  »f  Bonaparte  i.  adminihle  He  seems  inspiring.  Genius  Is  visible  in  every  line  of  that  thin,  pale  fate  In  fact  nowhere  wa* 
his  stupendous  military  genius  more  discernible  tlmn  on  the  plains  of  Lombardy  and  in  the  gorge,  of  the  Italian  Alp.,  where  the  "  Little  ( with  but  a  handful  of  illfe.l,  ragged 
imnp*  ii-ain  and  iignin  defeated  the  proudest  nnnlca  of  Austria  and  her  most  experienced  general.  -  Do  .jywWrawJ  generals  oppose  met"  cried  the  young  commander  '  So  much  the 
belter!  I  will  soon  make  them  burn  their  books  on  tactic*  and  know  not  what  to  do."  In  fact  In.  wonderful  rapidity  and  pow.  r  of  instantaneous  decision  gave  linn  the  speed  and  spring 
of  .1  lion  •The  French  do  not  »,««*.”  exclaimed  .111  Austrian  officer,  -they  fty!"  The  story  of  Bonaparte's  victories  in  Italy,  of  which  this  of  Kivoli  was  on- of  the  most  brilliant,  reads 
like  romance  It  was  never  equaled  even  by  himself,  save  possibly  in  1813  when  the  Kmpcror,  ruined  by  the  Rusainn  campaign,  was  atruggbng  single  handed  ugunst  united  Europe 
But  in  Italy  in  1707  Fortune  was  with  him.  In  France  in  1813  he  had  tempted  the  fickle  goddess  too  far.  and  hi*  star  wa*  waning,  to  sink  at  last  behind  the  wave-washed  rock  of  St  Helena. 


PALACE  OP  FONTAINEBLEAU.  PRANCE  Tin*  Uone  of  the  moat  internting  well  ae  the  mo»l  elegantly  decorated  of  all  Ihr  chateau*  of  Fnmtt  miuui.  .I  "bout  forty  mil.* 
from  l'nru.  it  wn*  the  fuvonU  residence  of  F.nnci*  1  (died  I. '>47),  of  Henry  IV  (died  1010),  mol  particularly  of  Hie  flmt  Napoleon.  Ilrn-  fur  montli*  he  Kept  Pop*  l*«u»  VII  In* 

prliODor  lien  after  the  l..nU  anil  dcndlv  duel  between  Prance  ami  Kuro|w  hr  »igncd  hi*  abdication  m  lull,  and  our  may  are  thr  room  in  which  in  hi.  .Impair  hr  attempted  ih in  to 
commit  nuicidc  bv  inking  poison  prepared  for  him  .luring  the  Himian  campaign.  The  pnlace  courtyonl  lias  saeociated  "i«l»  iU.ll  ...me  mo.t  pathetic  •ouvri,,...  It  i*  <*>lrd  '*»  < 

Of  thr  Adieu*."  Ik-.uiim-  it  «>.  her.-  that  Napoleon  on  the  'JO  ill  of  April.  I  HI  4.  after  hi.  nl..licnti..n,  raid  farewell  to  In.  Ol.l  (iuar.l  It  «*•  at  thr  hour  .1  . . .  that  •  •"I'l.ry  •"  '• 

at  the  heml  of  the  main  a.nircmic  and  dcscomled  it*  .tep.  to  meet  hi.  faithful  grenadier*.  It  wn»  the  figure  of  Napoleon  about  to  depart  iulo  exile.  hnd.racing  one  ...  two  of  the  offlwira. 
and  nreuiiig  the  ••  Engle "  of  France  repenlcdlj  to  hi*  lip-,  he  uttered  to  hi*  Old  Guard  thoo-  impn-oaivc  word,  of  farewell  with  which  every  reader  of  French  history  ..  familiar.  Th. n 
amid  the  nobs  of  hi*  old  aoldier*.  win.  were  faithful  to  him  in  ndvcr.ity  .uin  prosperity,  unlike  »o  many  whom  the  Emperor  had  enriched  with  honor.,  title,  and  e.tate*  Napoleon  (oner 
more  uppareutly  their  "  Little  Corporal  "|  entered  u  carriage  and  wo*  driven  away  from  thi.  palace  where  ho  had  been  so  recently  the  most  powerful  .overeign  in  the  world. 


GALLERY  OF  HENRY  II.  PALACE  OF  FONTAINERLKAF,  FRANCE  — The  interior  of  (lie  palace  of  Fontainebleau  is  of  greet  magnificence,  and  the  gallery  of  Henry  Second, 
outlined  in  this  illustration,  isone  of  the  richest  of  nil  it*  historic  halls  It  was  begun  by  Francis  I.  embellished  by  Henry  II.  and  restored  by  Louis  Philippe.  This  was  the  great 
reception  room  of  Fontainebleau,  and  at  interval*  in  the  decorations  of  the  wall*  and  ceiling*  we  *ce  the  letters  II.  and  I).,  the  initials  of  Henry  II  ami  the  beautiful  Diana  of  Poitiers. 
The  chimney-piece  in  thi»  apartment  is  one  of  the  mml  elegant  in  Europe.  In  connection  with  the  exterior  of  this  palace  allusion  hus  been  made  to  *omo  of  it*  Napoleonic  souvenirs,  but 
many  other  associations  give  to  it  historical  importance.  Here  in  1083  Louis  XIV  signed  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  by  which  nearly  a  century  before  Henry  IV  had  granted 
toleration  to  the  Protestant*.  Here  the  beautiful  and  ill-fated  Mario  Antoinette  at  times  resided.  Here,  while  a  guest  at  the  French  Court  in  1037,  Queen  Christiana  of  Sweden  caused 
her  former  favorite.  Count  Monnldeschi.  to  be  put  to  death.  Here  alto  Louis  XV  was  married,  and  the  subsequent  Napoleon  HI  wot  baptised,  and  one  may  sir  the  room  within  tin* 
palace  where  the  sentence  of  divorce  was  pronounced  against  the  Empress  Josephine  in  1800.  From  thp  windows  of  this  splendid  apartment  one  looks  out  over  a  pretty  park  towards  the 
famous  Forest  of  Fontainebleau,  threaded  with  charming  walks  and  drives,  and  covering  an  arm  nliout  fifty  miles  in  circumference. 

07 


PROMENADE,  NICE,  FRANCK.— Nice  i*  the  Winter  Paradise  for  invalids  and  a  lovely  pleasure-resort  for  the  rohuHt,  With  n  full  exposure  to  the  south,  and  with  an  amphitheatre  of 
mountains  behind  to  shelter  it  from  the  northern  wind*,  we  can  ea»ily  understand  the  mildness  of  its  climate.  In  fuel  its  delightful  situation  led  tJrvck  colonists  more  tlmn  2.000  years 
ago  to  choose  this  for  n  residenco;  and  from  the  victory  gained  here  by  them  over  Its  barbarian  defender*.  the  place  was  called  Xikaia,  from  which  i»  derived  the  modern  name.  Xie* 
Here  many  fine  hotels,  charming  villas,  and  a  great  number  of  "  Pensions,  '  which  iu  the  summer  time  arc  dark  ami  utterly  deserted,  become  in  winter  radiant  with  gas  and  crowded  with 
humanity.  Before  the  promenade  gay  |wirtic*  of  excursionists  arc  constantly  sailing  out  in  pleasure  hoots  upon  the  mirror-like  expanse.  It  i*  perhaps  from  the  number  and  the  beauty  of 
these  fair  mariners  that  this  Oulf  of  Nice  is  called  the  "  Buy  of  Angels!”  Here  also  the  gay  world  of  fashion  displays  its  brilliant  panorama,  each  winter  more  bewildering  than  the  last, 
for  while  northern  elirnes  arc  shivering  in  snow  and  ice,  Nice  forms  a  favorite  rendezvous  not  merely  for  :he  delicate  who  come  here  to  beg  of  Death  the  respite  of  a  few  more  months, 
but  also  for  pleasure- seekers  from  all  portions  of  the  world,  especially  for  subjects  of  the  Czar,  who,  when  they  can,  are  glad  to  escape  the  rigor  of  their  northern  winters.  Ouc  of  the 
quays  of  Nice  is  named  after  Napoleon’s  muious  marshal.  Massena,  who  was  born  here  Here  also  the  immortal  patriot,  Haritmldi,  llrst  saw  the  light ;  here  the  world-renowned  violinist, 
Pugaini,  breathed  his  last,  and  now  upon  n  sunny  hillside  just  above  the  town  is  the  grave  of  the  illustrious  French  leader,  liumbetta. 

00 


CASINO  MONTE  CARLO.  ITALY.— Ono  of  the  loveliest  place#  on  the  curving  abort’  of  the  Mediterranean  l*  the  famous  gambling  resort  of  Monte  Carlo.  I*  1»  l«l*  out  in  cultivated 
terrace,  which  overhang  the  pretty  trnv.  where  multitude  of  pleasure  boat*  are  always  moored.  So  far  a*  outward  attractive.,,-,  .a  omnixl.  **"«''"  and  Art  haw  here  <«aUMd  to 

uZ I  ii. "X  veriUbt  bi,  ol  paradise.  Ilefore  it  Is  the  bound. . . . aiooth  as  . . .  many  colored  as  a  . . while  in  , hr  rear  arc  lovely  0-.co.orcd  ■ . .  whuh  .t 

sunset  invariably  fold  about  their  dimpled  shoulder,  mantel,  of  royal  purple  Around  this  Casino  oh.es  and  orange  tree,  are  growing  in  Inxunanee.  and  here  and  there  ,,  tufted  pdn o« ’ 
..  ,  f  ",  .  »t  the  cloudless  «kv  Monte  Curio  owes  much  of  its  attractiveness  to  the  late  M  Blone.  who  founded  here  this  handsome  gaming  house.  At  present  the 

see z - . . — i . . „ . . .  . . jaw*. -r 

there  arc  well-furnished  reading-rooms  and  n richly  decorated  theatre  where  one  canoftcnheardelightf.il  music,  Kuwians  are  said  to  squander  the  n.o.t  . . ry  here,  but  France 

furnishes  the  greatest  number  of  player..  ttennans  also  are  quite  numerous,  but  usually  play  with  caution  England  and  America  too  are  represented  here,  but  chiefly  by  spec  atom 
pulicr  than  participants  in  the  alluring  game.  From  twelve  to  fifteen  suicides  occur  here  nearly  every  month. 

71 


WINDSOR  CASTLH  ENGLAND. _ An  hour"*  ride  by  mil  from  London  i«  thl*  mngnillcent  ohmic  of  royalty,  th«  hi.tory  of  which  dm.  •  fn-.u  the  time  of  William  the  Conquowi.  nine 

.  .-J  1,  III,  ,,  „ ,  ...  In.  . . III!,  r.  1.1  ...V ...  i-.-ti-  I..V  ..III.. I  •..II, .thin/  I..  It*  If.  I . .  .  I.  n  I"  'I  'I'll  "...M  i,i*l"  fl'ilm 

nectod  wlthgtUeir  rei-M,*.  .Such  are  the  (i, towny  of  Henry  VIII.  the  Toworof  Henry  III.  nmi  Si.  <  iconic'.  Chapel.  Im.lt  b>  Kdw.,.d  IN  It  ••  m  tin.  Chapel  thi.l  lake,  place  „t 

interval*  the  i...tallution*  of  the  Knight.  ..f  the  Oarlcr.  tlm.  or  ler  which  include,  among  it.  meml.er.  .o  ...any  Km«v  Emperor*.  Print . ml  dLltugui.I.nl  leader.  ..I  the  . .  The  n.o*t 

coiupiemm.  feature  ..f  ol.l  W.udv.r  m.tlo  ..  it,  itumeu.c  -  It  mud  To*or."the  view  from  which  i.  I.eauhfi.l  ami  remarkably  rvi.  n-m*  TI...  to.,  t  .»  «*,.  I.  ..  than  M».  feet  e.reumfertnee 

Tn  I  '  to  feet  hie),  Whenever  the  flag  Unit*  ov.r  ...  the  public  know,  that  the  Queen  in  the  Ca»llc.  i*  frequently  the  cave  L.k.  . .  mednrvnl  .tronghold*.  tin.  ray.d  abode  .. 

ha.m'ti  .l  bv  «o.ne  Bloomy  . m„r„«  P  iptivc. have  often  la, igui.l.ed  hero  in  mi.ery.  In  the  Hound  Tower,  for  cm, rnple.  the  Prime  who  afterward.  '••>">»■  Jamt-t  I  of  Scotland  n„. 

tZZi  L Si .  U*  .  La  Vault,  n,  WiuUior «.  tori,.,  ...  ft* - - . .  ™,  . .  hi.  y,,,,u.  UJf  top-*.  «- 

Churl...  I,  .Uri  .to  Prlucauu  Chur . .  . . .  chil.lu,  K,d2  OconK  IV,.  »l.o.ul.,„.n,l  . . .  «..,k  o, 

73 


HADDON  II  Al.l..  KNOLANI).  —  Almost  in  the  centor  uf  England  stands  thin  ideal  specimen  of  nn  old  baronial  manaloo,  known  n»  lladdon  Hall.  In  the  twelfth  century  it  came  into  the 
poitoiou  of  the  Vernon  family,  who  occupied  it  for  400  jcnr».  Then  when  the  beautiful  yuuug  heroine  ol  thia  castle,  Dorothy  Vernon,  eloped  with  the  *ou  of  the  Earl  of  Holland.  the 
Estate  pruned  into  the  lmnd*  of  the  Ilutlands,  who  (till  own  It.  although  it  is  now  uninhabited  nave  by  ita  custodian*.  It  well  repay,  a  vi.it,  >1  only  for  the  revelation,  it  nlford.  of  the 
style  uml  deennition  of  these  ancient  princely  home,  of  England.  The  Drawing  Room,  for  instance,  now  contain,  no  furniture,  yet  i.  u  grand  memorial  of  am  ient  aplcndor.  The  entire 
floor  i»  of  solid  onk,  made  from  a  single  tree  which  grew  in  the  neighboring  park.  The  walls  and  ceiling  are  of  the  aauie  material,  their  numerous  panels  beautifully  carved  with  knightly 
cre.t.  and  coats  of  arm.  While  the  huge  lire  place  with  it*  antique  andiron,  seems  waiting  to  be  filled  again  with  hinting  logs.  In  such  a  place  we  half  expect  to  see  some  of  the  former 
occupant,  of  lladdon  Hull,  arrived  In  velvet,  .ilk  ami  jewels  discussing  iu  exciting  tones  the  loss  of  Armnda  or  the  escape  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scot.  One  al.o  view,  with  interest  here 
the  staircaso  down  which  on  her  sister’s  wedding-night  fair  Mistress  Dorothy  ran  with  slippered  feet  to  meet  her  suitor,  ami  the  place  where  mounting  the  horse*  waiting  for  them  the 
lover,  rode  away  through  the  summer  night  and  next  morning  In  Leicestershire  were  pronounced  man  anil  wife. 


KKN II. WORTH  <  ASTI.K,  ENGLAND  —Few  ruin*  iu  all  England  arc  more  interesting  than  those  ol  this  grand  old  baronial  castle.  originally  founded  by  Geoffrey  do  Cllnion  about  1180. 
Queen  Elizabeth  Anally  gave  it  to  her  favorite,  the  Karl  of  1/  Iccster,  and  he  spent  enormous  »uma  of  money  in  enlarging  and  improving  it.  Sir  Walter  Scott's  novel,  ■■  Kenilworth,"  give* 
us  an  idea  of  the  mneniAernt  style  in  which  Leiccater  entertained  the  Queen  here  in  157.V  Unfortunately  in  the  time  of  Cromwell  this,  like  so  many  other  noblo  itniclurrs  in  England, 
suffered  much  mutilation.  The  clinging  ivy.  however,  makes  portions  of  these  ruined  walls  more  beautiful  than  they  could  hove  hccneveo  when  perfect  and  entire .  The  material  of  thiscastlc  i» 
old  red  mud  stone,  and  hence  when  illumined  by  the  sunset  light  iu  wails  and  towers  glow  like  shafts  of  jasper  or  porphyry,  or  the  volcanic  cliff*  on  the  Island  of  Capri.  It  must  have  once 
heon  o  most  splendid  residence,  well  worthy  of  thonbodcof  him  who  even  dared  to  hope  for  the  A<uuf  of  Queen  Hc«,  as  well  a*  for  her  fa  tor.  Its  outer  null  enclosed  a  spare  of  seven 
acre*,  and  ten  thousand  soldiers  were  required  to  guard  it.  The  historic  memories  of  this  place  appear  to  us  more  powerfully  than  those  of  any  other  castle  in  England.  Instinctively  the 

words  of  Tennyson  here  recur  to  u»:  ,  .  , 

“The  splendor  falls  on  castle  walls, 

And  snowy  summits  old  in  story  ; 

The  long  light  shakos  across  tlie  lakes 
And  the  wild  cataract  leap*  in  glory." 


SHAKESI'KAHIv'S  HOUSE,  8TRATFOHD-ON  AVON,  KNiiLANl). — ' The  little  M*n  of  Stratford-on-Avon  is  famous only  a*  the  birthplace  of  the  immortal  Shakespeare  Fortunately 
the  house  in  which  the  poet  was  bom  on  the  28d  of  April,  I.Url,  is  now  national  property  und  U  most  carefully  protected.  Hither  come  every  year  about  14. Dili)  visitors,  mint  of  them 
Americans.  The  building  hit*  undergone  some  ehungca  aim  •  Shako. pearc*  time,  but  the  old  timbered  framework  is  the  same.  On  the  tlr«t  floor  n  little  r..  un  fn.  ing  the  *tr>.  t  i*  pointed 
out  ua  the  oue  in  which  the  Hurd  of  Stratford  limt  *uiv  the  light.  The  walla  ure  literally  covered  with  inscription*,  written  or  carved  in  every  tongue,  and  indicating  thus  on  endless  throng 
of  pilgrimaof  nil  rank*,  from  prime  to  peasant  El-rwhere  those  nnmea  would  he  »n  outrage;  but  here,  in  memory  of  this  univeraid  genius,  they  seem  n  proof  of  the  spontaneous,  world¬ 
wide  homage  of  mankind.  Among  them  are  the  name*  of  Byron,  Sir  Walter  Scott.  Thackeray.  Dickena,  Tom  Moore,  Washington  Irving  nnd  the  Duke  of  Wellington.  In  other  rooms  are 
exhibited  many  interesting  relic*  of  Shakespeare,  inc'uding  his  portraits,  his  school  desk,  several  early  editions  of  his  works,  and  his  signet-ring  Not  far  from  this  house  is  the  lovely 
church  in  which  all  that  was  mortal  of  this  auhlimo  genius  was  laid  away  to  rest  beneath  that  weird  and  well-known  epitaph ;  ••  Good  Friend,  for  Jesus’  sake  forbear— To  dig  the  dust 

enclosed  here.  Blest  lie  the  man  who  spares  these  stones  And  curat  be  he  who  moves  my  hone*!'' 


,v.  ,,  i rii  »  w  \  vs  roTT  \(«K  8THATK0KD  ON  AVON.  ENGLAND.  Thin  charming  little  cottage  still  stands  in  substantially  the  «ma  condition  as  when  Shakespeare  came  he  <o 
ANN  HA"  a  “  .  •  „  „lt.  of  his  love.  It  i»  »t ill  occupied  by  n  descendant  of  the  Hathaway  family.  Thcreran  he  little  doubt  Umt  the  man  who  has  given  to 

■?  *  rn  . . .  .. . . . . *■■■-  - . -  i-  «»i  - . . . . .  . . 

bo°liTt”o  quc.tion  of . it  faMination  in  throw  delightful  . . * . .  and  no.cilj  cc.mu.uulj  Vuc.cn,,.  caacublpaad  the  houejn...™  SIBBdlBghCBB.,.lca.»gtBlhCB,gl,..BgB.IB 

and  thrushes,  "tic  recalls  with  pleasure  those  lines  attributed  to  Shakespeare 

•*  Would  je  lie  taught,  ye  feathered  throng.  To  me,t  ,ho  <IMi,  mnkc  blithe  the  gay. 

With  lore's  sweet  note*  to  frame  your  »ongl  Tochanu  nil  hearts,  Ann  hath -a- way  . 

To  pierce  my  heart  with  thrilling  lay.  Sbchath-a-way, 

Listen  to  my  Ann  Hathaway  Ann  llnthaway. 

She  hath-a-way  to  stng  .o  clear.  To  brcnlhc  delight,  Ann  hath  a-way ' " 

Phtehu*  might,  wondering,  stoop  to  hear  ; 


CHURCHYARD  ”F  8TOKR-POOIS,  ENGLAND.— To  this  lovely  churchyard  the  matchless  “Elegy"  by  Cray  has  given  an  immortal  charm.  The  place  liu  ultci  d  little  since  the 
IHict'f  time  are  that  "  yon  ivy-miuitlod  tower,”  which  he  described  is  now  surmounted  by  a  modern  spire.  It  seems  unsuited  to  the  plnrc.  and  the  ivy  (while  clinging  lovingly  to  the 
old  wall)  avoids  the  spire  as  if  it  were  u  strange  intruder.  But  this  aside,  the  place  is  ns  it  was  when  the  poet  lingered  here  at  sunset,  as  "The  curfew  tolled  the  knell  of  parting  .lay  ! 
Beneuth  its  oriel  window  rich  with  ivy  is  the  poet’s  grave.  What  an  ideal  resting-place  for  one  who  has  identified  his  name  forever  with  its  peaceful  beauty Standing  here  what  added 
significance  ami  pathos  are  given  to  his  lines:  ,  _  ,, 

••Beneath  those  rugged  cl  rtfs,  that  yew-tree’s  .hade  "  Perhaps  in  this  neglected  spot  is  laid  Full  many  a  gem  of  purest  ray  serene. 

Where  heaves  the  turf  in  many  smouldering  heap.  * . heart  once  pregnant  with  celestial  fire.  The  d.rk  unf.thnmed  caves  ..f  ocean  bear 

•  Hands  that  the  rod  of  empire  might  have  swayed,  Full  many  a  Bower  is  born  to  blush  unseen. 

Or  waked  to  ecstasy  the  living  lyre. 


Full  many  a  flower  is  born 
And  waste  its  sweetness  on  the  desert  air." 


88 


itvrRPOOL  1  IMF  ST1IEET  EHGLiMI  -Xlne  tenlb.of  olltbn  Amerlcnn.  ttbo  lend  in  Liverpool  ....  there  ..  Illlto  time  «  P—ible  Their  tnetoorie. "f  «“  P1"*  ■" 

; . .  „  s.  m,,..,.., . — . . .  . . . . . . . «» . «. .  .m  «*»  »<  «»  ^ . .  N”f" «“» ^ 

V.  ,  mutter  „f  . . . .  Liverpool  dererve.  more  otlenlioo  th.n  i.  oru.lt,  poid  lo  it  Hi.  the  prinrlp.1  «-.,,orl  ol  logl.ml  .ml  il.  ~eond  v.t.  U  rot.i  .....  more  limn  .  > 

I ,'.i'„„.Hon  on  tho  river  Metre,  i.  tnottnUceol.  Moreover,  II.  too...  Doe bo  <vb lob  Hunk  tire  river  lor  .even  mil™,  h.ve  .  101.I  o.ler  .rvo  el  ,1.0  . . ...1  .r  tulle,  of 

,  Yoritre  it.  nrel.ileel.irnl  fentnre.  of  n  lore  orvler  St  George'.  1LII.  lot  enuple.  direellj  ..p|»...le  till.  hotel.  .,,...1  olreu,.  •  >n.....i,.l  the  odmlrot.on  of  e„„  lire  -ore 

. . .  form  of  no  . . Greek  temple  two  feel  long  ore!  1™  feet  oi.le.  ..lon.e.l  «ilh  Corinth,..  entire...  . . „l|...,.,  v  Aronnd  tilt.  nl.o  ,,r.  erpo-mot, 

. o|  Oueeo  Victori.  tl.e  Prii.ee  Contort  ond  the  E..rl  of  Beneon.llel.l.  Some  llletor,  nomeintion.  nl«>  ...oke  Liverpool  in tvre.ting  to  lnlell.ge.it  toufl.lv  It  ..the  binl.pl.rr  .. 

nod  .1.0  Wore  in  .bleb  in  l«W  be  .ret  re.  tb.  ll.b.  «  IW.n,  .tree,, . II  vi.lt.le  Here  too  «—  —  «— 

Mre.  Hern.,,.,  .bile  Amrtirnn.  .hool.l  not  forget  tb.t  in  Liver . .  Iron.  IMS  I"  t«M  tb.  United  Sl.te.Goo.ol  ore  their  gifted  novel,..,  N..l,.n,el  llo.tboioe 


M 


THAMES  EMBANKMENT  AND  OBELISK,  LONDON.— One  of  the  greatest  recent  improvement*  in  the  World’*  Metropolis  i<  iU  embankment  along  the  Thame*.  The  wall  next  the 
river  is  of  granite  and  is  backed  with  solid  maaonry  eight  foot  thick  and  forty  feet  high.  This  make*  a  handsome  driveway  100  feet  in  width,  lighted  by  gas,  planted  with  tree*,  and 
having  several  landing-pier*  for  the  river  steamer*.  On.'  of  the  most  remarkable  relics  of  antiquity  which  the  world  posse  *««•»  stands  now  u|m>u  this  river-thoroughfare.  It  i*  tlx  Egyp¬ 
tian  Obelisk,  popularly  known  a*  "Cleopatra's  Needle,"  which  was,  however,  hewn  from  the  primitive  volcanic  granite  1,500  years  before  that  "  Siren  of  the  Nile"  ever  ensnared  by  her 
beauty  Cn.-sar  and  Mare  Antony.  To  convey  this  from  Alexandria  to  England,  as  was  done  in  1*77,  proved  a  very  expensive  and  dillieult  uudertuking.  Even  after  it  had  been  tuccrat- 
fully  embarked  at  Alexandria,  the  little  iron  vessel  which  had  been  specially  prepared  for  It  was  shipwrecked  and  temporarily  abandoned  in  the  Hny  --f  Biscay.  A  passing  steamer  rescued 
it  and  towed  it  into  the  harbor  of  Fcrrol  on  the  Spanish  roast.  Thence  it  win  conveyed  to  the  Thames,  and  finally  was  erected  here  where  it  now  stands  in  triumph.  Vet  one  can  hardly 
look  upon  this  symbol  of  the  sun's  bright  rays,  hero  in  this  eity  of  fogs  and  smoke,  without  regarding  this  ancient  monolith  as  un  exile  from  a  land  where  through  the  entire  year  the  sky 
is  rarely  darkened  by  a  cloud.  Nevertheless,  like  many  illustrious  exile*,  its  sojourn  on  the  Thames  embankment  will  no  doubt  be  of  use  to  those  who  gnic  upon  it*  stately  form,  by 
reminding  them  of  the  power  and  glory  of  Ancient  Egypt,  bcaidc  whose  awful  ruins  LondoD  seems  the  crcntion  of  yesterday 

87 


TRAFALGAR  SQUARE,  LONDON.  -This  handsome  square  is  so  centrally  located  tlmt  it  may  be  raid  to  form  the  nucleus  or  heart  of  London.  Around  it  :%r»-  the  National  Gallery  of 
Paintings.  the  celebrated  St  Martin's  Church,  mid  such  hotel*  nn  ••  MorleyVnnd  the  ••  Mctropole."  while  in  the  center  rises  n  majestic  column  known  is  the  Nelson  monument,  surmounted 
at  n  height  of  154  feet,  by  a  statue  of  the  immortal  hero  who  died  victorious  at  Trafalgar  in  ISO.I  Upon  the  pedcalnl  arc  inscribed  Nelson's  well-known  words,  “  Knglauu  expects  that 
every  man  will  do  his  duty."  Flnuking  this  granite  monument  arc  tho  four  colossal  lions  of  Sir  Kdwin  Landseer,  which  arc  not  only  magnificent  apecimens  of  art,  but  arc  thoroughly  in 
keeping  with  the  majestic  severity  of  the  shaft  which  they  adorn  n.  well  ns  with  the  leonine  character  of  tho  great  admiral  beneath  whose  statue  they  thus  crouch  submissively .  This 
London  Square  lias  little  of  the  charm  and  beauty  of  the  Place  do  la  Concorde  in  Paris,  yet  it  is  thoroughly  characteristic  of  the  city  in  which  it  stands.  The  qualities  which  attract  us  in 
London  are  quite  different  from  those  which  (dense  us  on  the  other  side  of  the  channel;  but  when  one  lins  ut  lust  become  accustomed  to  its  smoky  atmosphere,  its  melancholy  fogs  and 
sombre  architecture,  there  la  so  much  in  London  to  appeal  to  the  students  of  history,  art,  nrcha-ulogy,  science  anil  human  nature  (to  any  nothing  of  the  interest  awakened  in  us  by  associa¬ 
tions  with  the  English  novelists  ami  poet*,  who  have  often  made  this  gn  at  metropolis  their  theme),  that  one  can  agree  with  Dr,  Johnson  when  he  said,  "The  happiness  of  I^ndon  cannot 
be  conceived  except  by  those  who  have  beheld  It.” 


LONDON  BRIDGE.  LONDON  —Of  all  the  bridge*  which  ero«*  *ho  Thame*  within  the  city  limits  nono  Is  so  famous  an  this  which  characteristically  bears  the  numr  of  ••London."  It  wo* 
opened  to  trnlllc  by  King  William  IV  in  1831.  It  i*  of  granite  and  its  cost  was  about  eight  millions  of  dollurv  The  lamp-posts  on  its  tides  are  vmt  to  have  been  cust  from  cannon  captured 
from  the  French  during  the  Spanish  war.  It  him  the  distinction  of  being  the  Inst  bridge  on  the  Thames  or  the  one  nearest  to  the  sea.  which  is  about  sixty  miles  assay.  The  restless  till, 
of  human  life  ebbing  uod  flowing  across  this  granite  thoroughfare  is  a  suggestive  sight.  Dickens  was  food  of  studying  hereby  day  and  night  those  widely  differing  phases  of  humanity, 
which  can  be  seen  in  this  world-mctropoli*  hotter  than  anywhere  else  on  earth.  This  bridge  is  never  deserted,  uud  during  twenty-four  hours  it  is  estimated  that  20,000  vehicles  and  120.001* 
p.-destrians  cross  here  from  one  side  of  Londou  to  the  other.  The  roadway*  are  so  arruuged  that  those  who  desire  to  drive  rapidly  follow  one  course,  and  those  whose 
wishes  or  whose  horse*  are  more  moderate  must  tnke  the  other.  Standing  on  this  connecting  link  between  the  two  great  sections  of  the  World's  Metropolis,  one  realise*  the  immensity 
of  London.  Nenrly./l'r*  million «  of  people  live  within  its  mighty  circuit  Twenty-live  hundred  are  born  and  about  two  thousand  die  here  every  week.  One  hundred  million  gnllonsof  water 
are  used  here  every  day,  in  spite  of  the  multitude  of  tliv  "Great  unwashed.1'  If  the  people  of  London  were  placed  in  single  file,  eighteen  inches  apart,  they  would  extend  1,200  miles,  or 
further  than  from  Boston  to  Chicago.  There  arc  in  London  more  Roman  Catholics  than  in  Rome,  more  Scotchmen  than  in  Edinburgh,  more  Irishmen  than  in  Dublin.  The  poverty  and 
wretchedness  in  certain  quarter*  of  the  city  are  os  extreme  in  our  direction  as  the  nuigalllcent  display  and  wealth  of  the  West  End  are  in  the  other  Vet  no  great  city  in  the  world  is  better 
paved  or  better  governed. 


91 


Tii  j.-  BANK  OF  ENGLAND,  LONDON.— In  the  very  heart  of  the  city  of  London  aland*  a  low-browed,  massive  structure,  streaked  with  toot  and  without  even  a  window  in  it.  outer  wall*. 
It  is  the  Rank  of  Kritfliind  ThU  absence  of  window*  i.  .opposed  to  (jive  greater  security  to  its  valuable  content.,  the  li«ht  within  living  revived  from  interior  courts  ami  skylights.  The 
•trurtun  look*  therefore  liko  a  gigantic  strongbox,  covering  four  acre*  of  territory!  This  establishment,  though  a  national  in.titution.  is  itself  a  private  corporation.  It- capital  U  about  seventy, 
live  million  dollars,  nn.l  it* bullion  alone  i.  supposed  tobc  at  least  one  hundred  uud  twenty-five  million  dollars  in  value.  It.  affair,  are  managed  by  a  governor,  i.  deputy  governor,  twenty- 
four  director,  mid  nine  hundred  clerk*.  Below  the  surface  of  the  ground  there  are  more  room.in  thin  structure  than  on  the  ground  floor.  One  look*  with  almrut  a  feeling  of  awe  upon  this 
l.nildiDg  Architecturally  it  bn.  nothing  to  nttruct  us,  hut  we  feci  that  it  stands  as  n  representative  of  the  wealthiest  and  most  influential  empire  on  our  globe.  It  bus  a  lifeblood  of  if  own 
which  regulate,  the  puNeof  the  financial  world.  Whatever  is  done  within  thore  massive  walls  will  be  felt  in  the  Antipode.  One  ran  hardly  estimate  the  shock  which  the  entire  world 
would  experience  If  public  confidence  in  this  inslltutlon  were  shaken  Almost  the  same  thing  can  lie  sai.l  of  it  that  was  once  affirmed  of  the  Roman  Colosseum .  ••  While  Hands  the  Bank 

of  England.  England  stands;  When  fall*  the  Bank  of  England,  England  fall.;  When  England  falls  the  world.” 

03 


HOl'SES  OP  PARLIAMENT.  LONDON.  Thcao  noble  building*  are  worthy  of  their  fame  The  finest  view  of  them  is  obtained  thus  from  the  river,  along  the  embankment  <>f  which 
they  extend  for  040  feet.  Built  iu  elaborate  (tollin'  style.  their  ornamentations  including  graceful  tower*.  pinnacles.  fluted  column*,  interesting  statue*.  nml  n  bewildering  nmnunt  of  fine 
•tone  carving  relieve  the  enormous  structure  of  monotony.  Thii  edifice  cover*  an  urea  of  eight  acres  The  room*  which  it  contain*  nro  numbered  by  hundred*,  and  it*  corridor*  can  be 
reckoned  by  mile*.  The  grand"  Victoria  Tower  ’*  at  tho  »»uthern  end  of  the  building  roaclie*  the  imposing  height  of  3411  feet,  and  in  more  thnu  seventy  feet  square.  Through  tin*  the 
Queen  enters  when  ahe  opens  Parliament,  on  which  occasion  the  flag  of  England  is  always  displayed  above  the  Tower.  The  clock  Tower  at  the  northern  end  of  these  Imperial  legislative 
hall*  is  only  twenty  feet  lower  than  it*  rival.  Each  of  it*  four  great  dial*  measure*  ninety-two  feet  in  circumference.  The  minute  hand  i*  abar  of  »tccl  more  than  twelve  feet  in  length! 
It  ■»  *nid  that  five  hour*  are  required  to  wind  it  up.  Every  one  who  ha*  spent  a  night  iu  London  mu»l  have  heard  the  great  hell  of  thi*  Tower  proclaim  the  flight  of  time  in  deep  and 
solemn  tones,  which  urc  to  those  of  other  bells  like  the  voice  of  an  organ  to  thesound  of  a  piano.  T-his  bell,  which  weighs  no  leas  than  thirteen  ton*,  is  known  ns  “  Big  Ben."  and  for 
year*  had  no  rival.  But  now  it  is  surpassed  by  the  new  monster  recently  placed  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral.  Still  they  are  far  enough  upart  to  make  no  interference  with  each  other.  The 
kingdom  of  "  Big  Ben  "  ha*  simply  been  curtailed.  Over  thiapait  of  gignntic  London  he  still  reigns  supreme. 

03 


ST.  PAUL’S  CATHEDRAL,  LONDON.  The  crowning  feature  of  London  is  tho  Domo  of  St.  Paul'.  Cathedral.  It  i»  sublime  and  noble  in  appearance,  although  *o  black  with  «oot  that 
a  Frenchman  auggcated  that  it  mint  have  been  built  by  chimney-sweep*  !  In  fact,  chimneys  innumerable  have  offered  up  to  this  for  year*  their  grimy  incense.  till  now  it  ha* a  Booty 
grandeur  tvhich  lomo  think  give*  it  added  dignity.  Hawthorne,  for  instance,  mid  that  it  is  much  better  so  than  staring  white,  and  that  it  would  not  be  one-half  »o  grand  without  it* 
drapery  of  black.  The  whole  coat  of  St.  Paul's  was  defrayed  by  a  tax  on  every  ton  of  coal  brought  to  the  port  of  London;  *>■  thnt  after  all,  no  building  in  the  world  ha*  a  belter  claim 
than  this  to  have  a  sooty  exterior.  At  nil  events  the  mighty  Dome  is  like  a  temple  in  the  air,  305  feet  above  the  street  and  ISO  feet  in  diameter  !  It  i*  so  lofty  that,  unlike  most  other 
structures,  it  seems  quite  unaffected  by  its  environment.  It  is  perhnps  the  more  iinpraasivo  from  standing  here  in  the  grent  throbbing  heart  of  London.  Despite  the  roar  and  tumult  of 
the  waves  of  life  surging  around  it*  base,  nothing  disturbs  its  grand  repo«r  It  »onr»  above  it  all,  as  Mount  Blanc  ri»c*  above  Chamounix  Within  the  wall*  of  this  Cathedral  lie  the 
remains  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  Admiral  Nelson,  and  the  architect  of  tho  ediflee.  Sir  Christopher  Wren,  who«o  funeral  inscription  is  brief  but  eloquent.  If  you  seek  his  monu¬ 
ment,  look  around  you!" 


07 


THE  TOWER  OF  LONDON.  —  No  building  in  this  greatest  city  of  the  world  is  historically  so  impressive  as  old  "bmtion  Tmttr.  It«  gloomy  battlement*  watch  grimly  o'er  the  Thames 
as  they  have  done  for  centuries.  Some  of  it*  deep  foundation*  arc  (aid  to  be  as  old  a*  the  time  of  Julia*  Cmsnr.  At  present,  its  most  conspicuous  feature  is  the  tnanive  structure  in  the 
foreground,  with  four  pinnacles  called  the  White  Tower,  built  early  in  the  reign  of  Willinm  the  Conqueror,  about  the  year  1079.  The  White  Tower'  A  strange  name  truly  for  any  portion 
of  tins  butldiug!  For  uot  only  are  it*  wall*  must  dark  and  gloomy  in  appearance,  but  behind  them  hnre  transpired  some  of  the  blackest  deeds  of  English  history!  How  many  noble  inen 
and  women  have  been  imprisoned  here  whose  names  not  only  stand  trnnstigured  on  the  page*  of  history,  but  have  been  carved  in  tear*  upon  their  dungeon  wall*.  Among  them  brave  Sir 
Walter  Itnieigh,  who  languished  here  for  thirteen  year*,  part  of  the  time  In  a  small  room  but  ton  feet  loug  and  eight  feet  wide'  Here  all  the  distinguished  prisoners  of  the  Scottish  wars 
were  held  lu  close  captivity,  and  hence  the  noble  Wallace  was  led  forth  to  brutnl  death  nud  mutilation'  Here  ills.,  was  beheaded  the  noble  and  innocent  Lady  Jaoe  Gray  .  here  Anne  Itolojn 
walked  calmly  to  the  block,  praying  w  ith  her  lust  breath  for  her  brutal  husband ;  till  ns  the  fatal  axe  cleft  through  her  fair  white  neck,  the  report  of  a  gun  rung  out  from  yonder  walls  so  that 
lecherous  Henry  VIII  might  lie  informed  that  he  was  rid  of  her.  But  enough!  These  and  it  score  of  similar  memories  »ickcn  us.  and  make  the  very  air  within  the  Tower’s  precincts  taste 
of  blood!  Thunk  (Jod  that  though  the  tower  stands,  such  deeds  are  now  impossible!  For  the  sovereign  of  England  is  no  longer  the  tyrant,  hut  the  administrator;  yea,  the  intelligent 
servant  of  the  people! 


WESTMINSTER  ABBEY.  LONDON  -If  only  one  object  in  London  could  l.c  selected  for  inspection  by  American  tourist*,  it  would  doubtless  be  Westminster  Abbey.  Tlic  original 
church  was  erected  here  about  the  year  010,  but  this  and  two  successors  were  pulled  down  and  rebuilt,  till  finally  this  present  Abbey  was  constructed  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III  It  is  m 
the  form  Of  a  Latin  cross  four  hundred  feet  in  length.  Although  impressive  and  in  places  beautiful,  its  Gothic  exterior  will  not  account  for  the  fascination  which  this  building  exert* 
upon  the  visitor.  That  is  unquestionably  due  to  tho  fart  that  for  so  many  centuries  it  has  been  the  English  Pantheon,  the  burinl  place  of  kings  and  queens,  ltntcsmen.  general*,  explorer*, 
orators,  philosophers  and  literary  geniuses  Thirteen  English  Kings  nod  fourteen  Queens  are  here  entombed.  Here  also  is  preserved,  us  every  visitor  may  sec,  the  ancient  chair  in  which 
all  English  sovereigns  have  been  crowned  (and  most  of  them  in  thi*  Cathedral)  since  Edward  I  Here  are  the  tombs  of  Queen  Elisabeth  und  her  fair  rival  and  victim,  Mary  Queen  of 
Scots,  now  lying 'noath  the  same  Cathedral  roof.  The  one  apparently  completely  triumphed  and  saw  the  body  of  her  hated  cousin  entombed  within  an  unpretending  sepulchre But 
posterity  has  been  more  just  The  murdered  Mary's  son  ascended  England's  throne,  and  Mary’s  tomb  was  placed  beside  Elizabeth's  in  England's  noblest  shrine;  und  not  a  day  goes  by.  or 
A.m  gone  by  for  centuries,  but  pilgrim*  to  Westminster  Wand  beside  their  graves  and  sigh  in  pity  for  the  one,  and  blame  the  conduct  of  the  other! 

101 


THE  POETS  COKNEIt.  WESTMINSTER  ABBEY.  LONDON  Beautiful  os  Westminster  Abbey  i»  as  »  specimen  of  architecture,  its  distinctive  glory  i»  not  fouml  in  (iothlc  arches, 
dim  religious  light,  (luted  column*  *ir  even  works  <>f  nrt.  But  tlmt  which  thrill*  u*  ns  we  tread  the  pavement  of  this  ancient  Shrine  i*  the  assemblage  here  of  the  illustnoii*  dead  of  many 
centuries.  Its  old  gmy  walls  arc  lined  with  tablet*,  busts  and  monuments  commemomting  names  which  are  like  household  words.  But  the  most  interesting  part  of  this  historic  Pantheon 
j,  w|m(  j,  callod  •'  The  Port'*  Corner.  "  Here  every  English-speaking  visitor  nt  least  stuuds  with  uncovered  head  and  bnlcd  breath,  feeling  himself  surrounded  by  the  Muster-spirits  of  his 
race  Here,  for  example,  he  secs  n  marble  bust  beneath  which  are  the  word*  "O  rare  Ben  Jonson.  "  Close  by  it  i*  that  of  the  poet  Milton,  aud  beneath  this  is  the  medallion  portrait  of 
tlrny,  whose  masterpiece,  the  ••  Elegy  in  it  Country  Churchyard,  "  is  oDeof  the  most  exquisite  rluasics  of  our  tongue  Space  fnils  to  enumernte  the  names  of  those  who»c  ••  storied  urn  or 
animated  bust **  here  •'  invokes  the  passing  tribute  of  a  sigh.”  But  Spencer,  Dry  den,  Southey,  Campbell,  Thompson,  Macaulay,  Thackeray.  Garrick,  Grotc.  Sheridan  and  (but  but  not 
least)  the  dearly-loved  Charles  Dickens,  all  these  nnd  many  more  firm  here  it  galaxy  of  genius  which  make*  the  pilgrim  front  America  forget  all  minor  national  distinctions,  and  glory  iu 
the  fact  that  lie  too  spenka  the  language  of  tho  men  whose  dust  makes  old  Westminster  haunted,  holy  ground 

103 


THE  ALBERT  MEMORIAL,  LONDON.  -One  of  the  most  magnificent  monument*  in  the  world  is  the  structure  outUnrd  in  this  illustration  It  i»  the  Albert  Memorial,  "  erected  to  the 
memory  of  the  Prince  Contort  (husband  of  Queen  Victoria),  partly  by  the  Government  and  partly  l»y  voluntary  contribution*  at  a  cost  of  $(100,000.  The  very  foundation  of  tltia  mouu 
mont  alone  ropnyt  an  hour1*  close  examination.  Broad  granite  step*  lead  tip  on  every  aide  to  a  tpucioui  platform,  at  the  four  corners  of  which  are  fine  colossal  group*  of  atatnary,  repre- 
tenting  the  four  great  division*  of  our  globe,  Europe,  Asia,  Africa  and  America.  The  pedestal  iUclf  i»  nothing  less  than  wonderful  in  it*  elaborate  display  of  marble  statuee  in  relief 
encircling  the  entire  monument.  There  are  100  of  these  figure*,  representing  the  world's  greatest  nrtist*  *inre  the  dawn  of  history,  including  Pointer*,  Musicians,  PoeU,  Architect*. 
Sculptor*.  Heroes  and  Reformers.  In  one  place,  foresample,  Homer,  the  Father  of  Poetry,  i»  portrayed,  holding  the  lyre,  while  near  to  him  in  attitudes  of  reverent  attention  are  Virgil. 
Dante,  Sbnkcspcare,  Cervantes  Milton  and  Boccaceio.  In  another  section  are  grouped  Michael  Angelo,  Donatellc,  John  of  Bologna,  Benvenuto  Cellini,  and  other  sculptors  of  the  Renais¬ 
sance  At  last  nlicivo  all  this  rises  to  the  height  of  175  feet  a  gorgeously  decorated  Gothic  canopy,  beueath  which  i*  seated  a  colossal  statue  of  the  Prince  Consort,  fifteen  feet  in  height 
and  made  of  gilded  bronze.  The  excessive  amount  of  ornamentation  in  mosaic  and  gilding  on  this  canopy  may  be  criticized,  but  there  is  no  doubt  of  the  grand  and  imposing  effect  pro- 
duccd  by  the  lower  portion  of  this  superb  memorial.  The  question  naturally  arises,  however,  whether  it  i»  un  appropriate  structure  to  commemorate  Prince  Albert.  He  was  unques¬ 
tionably  u  worthy  man,  a  patron  of  art,  an  upright  Prince,  and  the  husband  of  the  Queen;  but  when  a  nmu  is  honored  thus  by  one  of  the  finest  structures  on  the  globe,  we  look  for  other 
qualities  than  these.  Such  a  memorial  as  this,  beneath  which  stand  a*  ministers  the  master-spirits  of  the  world,  and  to  whom  four  great  continents  do  reverence,  is  worthy  of  being  an 
offering  of  the  whole  Auglo -Saxon  race  to  Shakespeare,  or,  better  Still,  a  universal  tribute  to  the  Leader*  of  Humanity  in  its  slow  upward  march  toward  light  and  truth. 

103 


OLD  CURIOSITY  8I10P,  LONDON. — Charles  Dickens,  in  the  realm  of  Action,  hu  given  to  the  Eogliab-roadiog  world  a  ho.t  of  voritablo/ruaV*.  The  heroes  of  roost  other  novelist* 
a|nu,c  i„,trUct  or  entertain  us,  but  quickly  fade  into  oblivion,  like  ebaneo  acquaintances.  put  to  the  genuine  lover  of  Ihtl.n,  hi.  characters  are  not  fictitious— they  nre  r..,l  We  I  *u«». 
with  them,  we  cry  with  them,  we  love  their  virtue*,  we  forgive  their  frailties  till  they  nre  scnlcd  to  u*  os  life-long  frlcud*.  Nor  i*  thin  all;  for  Diekcn*'  ehi.mrin,  nre  usually  linked  to 
certain  /.law  which  he  selected  with  great  cure,  and  sketched  with  wonderful  fidelity  It  is  in  fact  this  vivid  picturing  of  phe*  an,/ /*r*m  that  make,  it  it  coulinuol  pleasure  to  tract  hi. 
works  iu  that  great  World  s  Metropolis,  of  which  he  was  so  fond.  Thu..  ..f  late  years.  Iiooks  have  been  writteu  for  this  special  purpose,  and  I.)  the  aid  of  these  ».  may  spend  dsj.  in 
London  itself,  to  say  nothing  of  rural  England,  noting  all  sort,  of  odd  localities,  stieets.  house*,  inn*  and  churches  .u< h  a.  the  <|unint  sign  which  suggested  to  Dickens  hit  ulea  of  llUIc 
Nell'i  "Old  Curiosity  Shop"  to  the  house  where  Mr  Tulltinghorn  resided  or  even  the  churoh-yurd  gnte,  beside  which  lny  the  lifeless  body  o(  j«*">r  Udy  Dedlo.  k  •  'Charles  Dickon. 
London,  "  therefore,  and  ••  Through  England  with  DickeDs  "  should  never  he  omitted  from  the  library  of  any  European  tourist  who  love,  the  creator  of  "  David  Copperfield, "  "  Llttlo 
Dorrit,  ’’  and  the  Immortal  “  Pickwick.  " 


THRONE-ROOM.  BUCKINGHAM  PALACE.  LONDON. — "A  throne,"  said  Napoleon,  "is  only 
wealth,  rank  and  power,  that  one  approaches  it  with  at  least  roapectful  interest.  The  Throne- 
household,  i>  n  niugnillccnt  apartment.  It*  length  ia  xixtj 
«  is,  however,  by  no  mean*  the  oul 


illectionof  boards  covered  with  velvet."  Nevertheless,  it  aymbohie*  a 
n  of  Buckingham  Palace,  the  usual  London  residence  of  Queen  Victori 
four  feet.  It*  walls  ure  covered  with  crimson  satin.  The  royal  chair  itself  .lands  or.  a  slightly  elevated^  phtfor 
room  within  this  palace  which  repays  the  traveler"*  in*pcction.  The  Bull  Room,  the  Bumpirt  Hall,  n 


i  much  of 
ia  and  her 
n  beneath 
r  Gallery, 

the  various  Reception  Room,  and  above  all  the  splendid  staircase  of  the  palace,  which  together  with  iU  elegant  Corinthian  column.  .»  of  “dToiDioc" 'itTthlT  e^tcm.We 

might  expect  it.  this  abode  of  English  Royalty.  The  interior  of  Buckingham  Palace  is.  however,  much  more  attractive  than  tt.  exterior,  although  adjorning  »  •*  the 
pahtce-ga!den  which  contain,  sixty  acre,  and  is  very  beautifully  kept,  and  pove.se.  a  prefy  summer  house,  frescoed  by  such  distinguish'd  artist,  u.  Macl.se  and  Land 
villa  has  been  used  by  Her  Majesty  when  she  lm*  been  obliged  to  spend  any  of  the  summer  season  in  the  city.  Near  this  palace  . 
carriages  and  the  home#  of  the  Queen. 


i  the  Royal  stables,  where  « 


This  little 
b  kept  the  state 


1011 


MUCKR098  ABBEY.  LAKES  OF  KILLAItNEY.  IRELAND.  — Tho  Lakes  of  Killnrnoy  are  exquisitely  beautiful  feature*  of  Ireland,  about  50  miles  north  of  Cork  a..d  180  mile*  south  of 
1)  iblin.  Each  summer  u  multitude  ol  American  travelers  visit  them  iu  one  of  their  first  experience*  in  the  European  tour  which  they  begin  by  landing  at  Queenstown.  Alter  nn  ocean 
voyage  almost  nnv  cultivated  laud  appears  attractive.  How  much  more,  then,  a  conspicuously  lovely  region  like  that  of  southern  Ireland!  Nor  arc  the  Killarney  lake*  merely  beautiful. 
They  have  the  charm  which  the  Old  World  imparts  to  almost  every  portion  of  its  natural  scenery,  namely,  that  of  historic  association  They  an  studded  with  finely  wooded  islands  on 
which  arc  the  rulnsof  castles,  convents  and  abbey*,  around  which  cluster  souvenirs  of  many  centuries.  On  one  island,  for  example.  i»  !(<■“  t  n«tlc.  an  old  form  >  of  the  O'Dunoghuc* . 
another  bn.  the  pictures., uc  r.iin»  of  the  "Sweet  Inuisfnllcn"  of  Tom  Moore;  while  nut  fur  from  this  is  Murkro**  Abbey,  built  by  the  Franciscan,  in  l  U0.  Other  abbeys  then  are  in  Scot¬ 
land  and  England  and  on  the  Continent  mote  beautiful  than  thi*.  hut  by  on  American,  who  has  just  landed  here  and  to  w  hom  this  is  the  lir-t  ruin  he  has  seen,  it  w  ill  never  hr  forgotten. 
The  subtle  sense  of  antiquity,  which  is  lacking  in  liis  own  country,  steals  insensibly  over  him,  and  the  accumulated  influence*  of  year*  of  reading  and  anticipation  at  once  assert  them 
selves,  and  thrill  him  w  ith  the  joyful  realisation  that  this  is  but  a  foretaste  of  all  that  now  uwnit*  him.  outlined  before  him  m  a  long  nod  beautiful  perspective.  Yet  no  matter  how  much 
more  lie  may  enjoy,  the  memory  of  the  sentiments  awakened  in  the  ivy-mantled  walls  of  Muckross  Abbey  will  abide  with  him  forever  as  an  Inspiration. 

Ill 


HLAHN'EY  CASTLE,  IRELAND.— The  "Emerald  I»lc’,nboutid»  in  lovely  biu  of  scenery,  of  which  some  ivy-mantled  abbey  01 
renowned  of  these  Old  Irish  ruin*  i»  Blarney  Castle.  not  fur  from  Cork.  On  tin-  highest  point  of  the  northeast  angle  of  tlio  tow 
by  two  iron  hurt.  In  1823  Sir  Walter  Scott,  while  on  n  tour  through  Ireland,  kissed  this  "  Blarney  Stone,"  as  thousands  of  toui 
eloquence  of  anyone  who  thus  salutes  it  is  thus  told  in  verse: 

•‘There  is  a  stone  there  To  n  lady '•  chamber  To  be  left  alone. 

That  whoever  kisses  Or  become  a  member  Don't  hope  to  hinder  him. 

Oh!  he  never  misses  Of  Parliament.  Or  to  bewilder  him; 

spooler  Sure'*,  he'*  a  pilgrim 


Imloru  castle  funu*  a  charming  feature  One  of  the  most 
•r  is  a  stone  bearing  the  date  of  1703,  and  held  in  petition 
ists  do  every  year  The  effect  which  this  act  has  upon  the 


To  groi 
'Tis  be  mi 


clamber 


lie'll  s 
An  mil 


i  the  Blarney 


CUSTOM  HOl'SK.  DUBLIN.  IltKLAXD  Dublin  Jins  several  noble  edifices,  among  which  i»  It*  Custom  House.  opened  in  ltOI,  and  «*'ted  "«  “  o.«i  of  bIkhii  two  million  dollar. 
Standing  ou  the  north  side  of  tbo  river  LifT.  y,  which  flows  directly  through  the  <  it j.  in*  -  «n  on  tl.r..  ddc.  to  admirable  advantage  Fr..m  the  <<  ..!.  r  rise.  «  dome  l.*%  feet  high  and 
surmounted  by  n  nt.Uuo  •ymbollnl  of  an  invariable  cliumeterintic  of  the  Iriah,  HOPE  Notwithstanding  this  Irnn.lv,., nr  structure.  Dublin  hw  not  ...  much  lm.im  «  activity  a.  «.  .honl.t 
expect  to  fliul  in  vo  Inrgc’nnd  important  a  city,  and  Ilelfast  i.  Mid  to  tn,n«ct  larger  general  trade.  The  dock,  in  the  river  have  been  Improved,  the  river  itself  hr,,  been  .Ire, ,e„c,l.  and 
new  wharves  lmvr  been  constructed,  but  the  "custom  due*  have  for  many  yenrs  mni,ined  almost  •tationury  Dublin  produce*  little  f„r  exportation  non  uv.-  »bi»kj  .,n.l  |-rt.r  111,,, 
now  but  few  mnniifnetiirea  nnd  these  arc  of  trilling  value.  The  public  building*  of  Dublin  which  rival  this  Custom  Honae  in  elegance  of  architectnre  are  tl„-  Bank  of  IreUml  (formerly  the 
House  of  Parliament),  St  Patrick’s  Cathedral,  and  above  all.  Trinity  College,  which  i.  an  honor  not  only  to  Ireland,  but  to  Orvat  Britain  But  in  striking  contrast  to  these  and  other 
evidences  of  wealth  in  Dublin,  there  i»  a  vast  amount  of  poverty  in  the  city,  and  street  after  street  of  wretched  tenements  produce  a  painful  impr.  -  " 

happy  buoyant  disposition  of  the  Irish  is  visible  despite  rags  and  tatters.  o»  an  April  sun  shine,  through  the  clouds  and  rain,  nnd  sadness  is  not 

Emerald  Isle.  ... 

115 


Still  the 

x  characteristic  of  the  rapital  of  the 


,  Mu 


Here  nisi 
been  often  stated  thnt 
nl*le  of  ui 
exhibit  ol 


I.ifley  nexr  its  entrance  into  Dublin  Buy  is  beautiful, 
n  Europe.  In  the  center,  and  dividing  It  into  upper 
d  to  commemorate  the  hero  of  Trafalgar.  The  cost  of  the  monument 
the  Union  Jin  k  is  displayed  from  the  topof  the  column  ButtheNol- 
for  example,  is  the  General  Post  Ofllce,  pnwentiugo  long  and  handsome  facade  adorned  with  statuary. 
Till  stutucs  of  distinguished  Irish  patriots,  and  many  of  the  Hnc.t  business  block,  and  hotel,  of  the  eit,  Moreover,  this. .  the  great  pro 
euu  there  be  seeu  more  beautiful  women  than  one  may  meet  here  on  n  pleasant  afternoon.  For  if  n  **  real  old  Irish  gentlem 
.uulntnnco.  and  one  of  the  truest  and  warmest  of  friends,  so  Irish  Indies  are  not  only  charming  in  ft 
high  breeding  aud  dignity  together  with  a  quick  sympathy  and  warm-honrted  impulsiveness,  which 

117 


I.LF.  STREET.  DUBLIN  -The  Irish  are  exceedingly  proud  of  their  capital,  and  well  they  may  be.  Its  situation  on  the 
,  its  public  buildings  command  the  traveler's  admiration  Iks  orinctpal  thoroughfare,  Svkvillc  Street,  has  few  super 
r  Sackvillc  Street,  i.  a  (luted  Doric  column  134  feet  in  height,  crowned  by  the  statue  ..f  Nclso 
l  $33,000,  which  was  raised  by  popular  subscription.  Du  every  anniversary  of  Nelson's  greatest 
muon  I  in  only  one  of  the  many  striking  features  of  Saekvillc  S 


ile  of  Dublin,  and  it  ho* 
s  one  of  the  most  agree- 
and  feature,  but  remarkably  attractive  from  the  rare  combination  they 
coveringof  conventionality  can  ever  quite  conceal. 


EDINBURGH  \ND  SCOTT'S  MONUMENT  Not  mintliiT  capital  in  Europe  save  Athens,  which  it  lomewhat  resemble*.  compare*  with  Edinburgh  in  situation,  an. I  the  Scotch  have 
made  the  place'  well  worthy  of  .t,  tine  podtion.  On  one  side  is  Carlton  II. II.  rising  three hnn.lrr.l  feet  above  the  town,  and  opposite  this  about  a  mile  away  .,  the  old  historic  Castle 
Between  them  calends  the  beautiful  avenue  called  Princes'  Street,  bordered  by  hondson.n  buildings,  parks  and  monuments.  Among  the  many  attractive  sights  in  tins  old  Sottish  city, 
mid  rising  in  the  center  of  this  picture,  is  the  elegant  memorial  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  who  was  born  in  Edinburgh  on  the  15th  day  of  August.  1771.  The  statue,  in  its  various  niche* 
represent  character,  taken  from  his  works,  sucl.  ...  M.  g  Mcrrlliea.  die  Last  Minstrel,  and  tl.r  Lu.ly  of  the  Lake.  In  the  center,  open  on  nil  side,  to  inspection,  i.ucolu.sal  tnn.hle  ..aim  o(  S.r 
Walter  and  at  the  feet  of  one.o  fond  of  dogs  is  appropriately  placed  the  figure  of  his  favorite  hound.  Bcvis.  This  monument  is  certainly  one  of  the  finest  ever  reared  t..  n  man  of  genius 
Its  graceful  arches  recall  in  miniature  the  groined  roofs  of  Melrose  Abbey.  All  parts  of  it  are  beautifully  carved.  A  stairway  of  about  2*0  step.  I.  ads  to  the  top  The  cost  of  th.»  great 
work  was  about  $80,000.  and  its  design  was  furnished  by  »  young  architect  of  Edinburgh,  who  did  not  live  to  sec  the  monument  completed.  It  is  a  touching  proof  of  the  lose  which 
Scotland  felt  for  Sir  Walter,  that  subscriptions  for  this  grand  memorial  poured  in  from  all  classes  and  condition*  of  his  countrymen  It  was  the  gift  of  n  Nation;  and  while  on  the 
subscription  list  may  be  seen  ••  100  Pounds  from  her  Majesty  the  Queen."  we  may  likewise  read.  “Three  |wuml*.  seven  shillings  from  the  pool  people  of  the  Cow  Gate." 

110 


ADBOTSFOHI).  SCOTLAND  -This  home  of  tho  great  novelist  end  poet.  Sir  Walter  Scott.  Isan  intensely  interesting  object  tovi.it.  It  1»»  own  creation  II. 
of  the  noble  tree,  in  ii.  adjoining  Park  Il»  very  ground  urn*  dear  to  him,  for  it  had  fonncrly  belonged  to  the  Abbots  of  Melrose.  aud  «a>  n™r  Metros.  Abbe;,  « 

Siott  to  write  niic  of  Ins  most  beautiful  stnnnt*.  Yet  this  was  not  merely  n  poef.  home.  It  wa.n  veritable  battle-field,  where  one  id  tb«  nnl.lc-t  «,n.  -d  <•'  *'•«**  '•  • 
of  trouble,  which  would  Imre  paralysed  n  bmver  heart  than  his.  The  failure  of  the  publishing  house  with  which  he  was  connected  threatened  him  with  i 
loved  estate  vet  pay  to  the  utmost  even  creditor,  became  the  one  great  object  of  hi.  life  Payment  was  deemed  impossible.  But  Scott  knew  no  h  »or.l,  and  actually  n 
entire  debt  of  about  $0(10  000,  ...king  only  for  time.  In  four  years  be  had  realiwd  for  hia  creditors  nearl;  $100,000.  working  ten.  twelve  ami  often  fourteen  hour,  out  of  the  l«.  ntyfour. 
Never  before  or  since,  una.uchu  aum  thus  earned.  It  was  Sir  Walter  ,  custom  to  do  n  vast  amount  of  literary  work  earl;  in  the  morning  before  his  numerous  gurai.  had  thought  of 

•  .  *•  —  «  this  habit  of  early  toil  which  enabled  Scott  to  preserve  for  so  long  n  timr  his  incognito  as  the  author  of  the  Waverly 

1,  and  his  eldest  son  kissed  nnd  closed 


n  planted  many 
,ho»e  beauty  inspired 

i  to  save  this  dr  srl; 

limes!  the 


It  wn*  Sir  Walter's  custom  to  do  n  vast  amount  of  literary  work  early  ii 
stirring  and  when  everyone  supposed  him  to  he  still  asleep.  It  was  this  hnl.it  of  early  toil  which  enabled  Scott  to  preserve 
Novels  Here  on  September  '.Mat.  1832,  the  noble  hearted  Scotchman  passed  away  from  earth  while  tho  members  of  his  family  knelt  around  Ins  bed. 
his  eyes.  No  sculptor  ever  modeled  a  more  majestic  image  of  repose. 


BALMORAL  CASTLE.  SCOTLAND  This  Highland  home  of  Queen  Victoria  is  beautifully  situated  beside  the  river  I)ce  Home  fifty  tnili*  from  Aberdeen  In  her  M  >j'  -ty'»  nbsrucc.  the 
ca»lU.  ,*  shown  to  visitor*  only  on  the  presentation  of  „  written  order  The  property  comdstaof  almut  10.000  acres.  which  belonged  formerly  to  the  Kitl  of  Fife  but  which  in  1HVJ  became 
the  property  of  the  Crown  by  the  payment  of  $1(10.000  The  rattle  itself,  which  iaof  light  Scotch  granite,  was  erected  by  the  Prince  Consort  at  his  oun  expense  Near  by  is  the  Cmthie 
Church,  where  the  Queen  attends  divine  srrvirr  .  mid  a  mile  and  a  half  nway  is  the  Abcrgcldio  Castle,  a  favorite  Shooting-box "  and  summer  residence  of  the  Prince  of  Wales  The 
adjoining  country  is  great  l.cauty,  and  the  Castle  itself  resemble*  a  geui  in  a  most  nltimctivo  wiling.  At  one  end  of  the  building  i.  an  exceedingly  picture,., ue  tower  almut  100  feet  in 
height  commanding  an  cm  banting  s  iew.  Mon-  than  100  persons  can  at  one  time  bo  comfortably  lodged  in  ••  Balmoral."  i.nd  it  has  frequently  been  the  scene  of  regal  hospitality  1  here 
cun  be!  if  would  aeein,  no  difficulty  in  entertaining  visitors  here,  for  within  n  pistol  shot  of  the  Castle  is  the  "bonny  river  Dec,"  which  sweeps  from  the  Grampian  Hills,  and  whose  whole 

course  of  ninety  mile,  offers  a  constant  scries  of  delightful  view*.  The  neighborhood  also  abounds  in  opportunity  not  merely  for  hunting,  hut  for  enjoyable  excursions  among  the 

Highlands,  particularly  to  that  grand  old  mountain  Lochuagnr,  WOO  feet  high,  celebrated  by  the  poetry  of  Lord  Byron,  and  railed  by  the  Queen  her  "  Mountain  Jewel."  From  it*  summit 
fully  one-hnlf  of  Scotland  is  outspread  before  the  vision  of  the  enraptured  traveler.  ^ 


HOLYROOl)  PALACE,  EDINBURGH.  SCOTLAND  Al  the  other  extremity  of  Edinburgh  fr.im  that  which  hold*  it»  famous  <‘».tlc  i.  I  My  rood  Palme.  the  residence  of  Mary, 
Queen  of  Sou.  It  i.  a  gloomy  building  in  appearance.  whoto  cold  gray  wall.  teem  to  have  little  in  harmony  with  the  fair  Quern.  who  once  raided  there  Her  memory  to 

completely  haunt*  the  place  that,  though  tint  edifice  ha.  .tnod  hen-  for  nearly  400  year.,  und  though  muuy  King,  ond  Queens  have  lived  within  it.  wall.,  the  apartment,  of  Queen 

Mnrv  are  all  that  the  traveler  u.unlly  caret  to  »ce.  Their  content*  are,  however,  .lowly  crumbling  into  duet,  for  the  frail  memorial,  of  that  unhappy  lady  have  ttood  Hint  for  800 

yean,  There  are  not  many  portrait,  of  Mary  here  :  but  wherever  they  ure  hung  they  attract  the  attention  of  even  tho  mo.t  carries,  touri.t  Of  all  the  thousand,  who  have  for 

centuries  patted  before  them,  probably  not  one  ha.  failed  to  panto  and  think  with  pity  of  tho  lovely  woman  whom  they  represent  Here  alto  we  may  toe  the  room  in  which  Mary  . 
.century,  the  Italian  Itimio,  was  murdered  by  her  jealout  husband.  Darnley ;  and  certain  itttins  are  .till  pointed  out  u.  having  been  made  by  hit  blood.  The  ruined  etructurc  on  the 
left  of  the  palace  it  old  Holyrood  Ohnpcl,  whore  Biwio  was  buried,  and  the  impo.ing  mountain  ruing  in  the  background  it  called  Arthur’s  Seat.” 

135 


MKI.HOHK  AUUEY.  SCOTLAND  The  charm  of  this  celebrated  structure  t*  proverbial  and  it  well  deserve*  it.  reputation.  Ii.  noble  column-,  window,  and  arehe.  urc  «.f  v.quUit* 
beauty  and  delicate  carving,  and  justify  (hi*  poetical  yet  accurate  description  of  Sir  Walter  •Tbon  wouldit  have  thought  some  fairy'.  band.  Twlxt  poplar,  straight,  an  o-ler  warnl.  in 
many  a  freakish  knot  bu<l  twined;  Then  frauu-d  a  upcll  when  the  work  wn»  done,  And  changed  tin  willow  wrratli.  to  .tone  Tbi-  magnificent  Abbey  wa*  built  by  King  David  I,  in  the 
twelfth  eenturv,  and  many  of  the  nioiiarcb.  of  Scotland  were  buried  here.  Here  i»  alto  deposited  the  lunrt  of  Robert  Hrure.  So  durable  i«  the  rod  undltono  in  wbieli  they  nrc  cblicled 
that  the  inosl  delicately  sculptured  capital,  and  flower*  arc  .till  perfect,  save  where  the  hand  of  m.ra  bn*  injured  them  V.  the  -  band  of  man."  for  the  mere  lnp.c  of  time  would  not 
have  caused  »ucb  overthrow  n*  tbi*.  Ala.!  it  bu«  been  almost  universally  tin-  fart  that  man  himself  bn*  .battered  the  malt  exquisite  ami  wonderful  structure,  which  human  genius  lm. 

been  able  to  create.  So  was  it  here.  Again  and  aguiu  . . ending  armies  plumlcrc.t  it,  and  finally  the  Scotch  Reformer . .  even  more  injury  to  it-  remaining  statue,  and  carving  than 

bud  been  effected  by  the  ravage*  of  war!  The  sight  of  this  ruined  pile  at  moonlight  can  never  be  forgotten  and  impart,  forevermore  a  new  charm  to  the  well  known  lines  of  Scott ;  "  If 
thou  wouldst  view  foir  Mclro.e  aright,  tlo  visit  it  by  the  pule  moonlight.  Wi  en  buttress  and  buttro*  alternately  Seemed  framed  of  ebony  and  ivory  .  And  home  returning,  .ootlily  .wear. 
Was  never  scene  ao  sad  mid  fair.” 


137 


T||  l-  TH0S8ACIW  SCOTLAND  The  romantic  lake-region  of  Scotland  i»  one  of  the  most  attractive  parte of  Europe,  not  only  from  it»  natural  beauty,  but  because  of  the  dram  which 
s-  Walter  Scott's  poem,  mid  Wiivorly  "  novel.  Iinvc  given  there  to  mountain*,  loch*,  river*  and  castle*  The  scenery  i.  not  Alpine  in  n.  grandeur,  nor  like  that  of  N..r«  »y  iu  sublimity; 
but  it  is  exceedingly  picture.nue  and  beautiful,  while  it,  variety  of  rugged  mountains  limpid  lakes  soft  sylvan  scenery  and  wooded  island,  render  a  tour  through  this  country  one  of  rare 
delieht  Moreover  the  region  is  of  limited  extent.  If  preyed  for  time,  the  tourist  may  go  from  Glasgow  to  Edinburgh  and  see  the  mo.t  conspicuous  feature,  of  the  Trowach.  in  a  single 
d«v  If  the  weather  be  fine,  the  picture,  whirl,  unfold  them.elve,  at  every  turn  in  tin.  poetic  and  historic  cot, ..try  will  hang  forever  in  the  gallery  of  the  traveler  .  memory,  or  everywhere 
he  there  beholds  “Crag*,  knoll,  and  mounds  confusedly  hurled.  The  fragment,  of  an  earlier  world,'  and  -  Mountain,  that  like  granta  stand.  1  o  sentinel  enchanted I  land  I  Yet 
/  ,|  ,  ,,  ,  •  i  ...  „  innoiiil  .(train  or  ivied  bridge,  a  peaceful  valley  or  0  ruined  castle,  which  give  to  tin*  delightful  scenery  an  added  charm  Moreover,  the 

greater  part  of”tb,s  di.trict  of  the  Scottish  lakes  (...  sparsely  is  it  populated)  aeon,  like  a  pleasure-park  reserved  b.r  tourists  For  the  old  Highland  Chiefs  have  long  since  disappeared, 
and  the  few  wealthy  land  owner*  spend  often  only  three  or  four  week*  here  on  their  vast  estate,  to  entertain  their  guests  or  shoot  the  game  upon  their  hills 


ELLEN'S  ISLE,  I.OCII  KATKINE.  SCOTLAND.  One  of  the  loveliest  features  in  the  Tro.snrlis  is  the  little  sheet  of  water  known  os  Loch  Katrine.  It  i*  diminutive,  hut  * 

siluut'.  el  that  its  .mall  «ii»-  nrnke.  it  the  more  cncl . ing,  since  not  a  tingle  charm  escape*  if  WI.Bt  con  he  more  attractive  than  the  coml.iimtinn  here  of  light  ..ml  slm.lt 

.urfM.  c  i-  flerkod  by  touche*  of  the  sun  hh.I  clou.l*  f  Around  it  mountains  rear  their  massive  form*  like  giant  gunrdinns  of  the  peaceful  lake,  within  which  they  •■gam 
mv.  ite.l  world,  until  we  ran  with  difficulty  tell  which  is  the  real  ami  which  the  counterfeit  presentment  1  Moreover,  it.  heathery  banka  ami  limpid  waves.  ...  long  as  they 
fondly  associated  with  memories  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  his  fairest  creation,  the  “Lady  of  the  bike  ”  In  fact  the  pretty  island  in  the  center  is  .till  known  a* 
for  according  to  Scott's  fancy,  this  wave-encircled  sylvan  retreat  was  the  home  of  that  fair  Lady  of  the  Lake,  "Her  lu  ad  thrown  back,  her  lips  apart.  Like  Monument  < 
Scott  is  the  special  genius  ..f  this  place,  and  here  one  fairly  revel,  in  the  scene,  portrayed  with  absolute  perfection  by  hi.  magic  pen.  E ..  h  point  recalls  -mo  stanni  ..r  ... 
line.  »'■  accurate  are  hi.  poetical  description*.  Never  wo*  a  writer  more  particular  in  this  respect  than  Scott.  F-.r  example,  while  writing  the  "  Lady  of  the  Lake.”  he 
entire  di.tnm  e  from  Loch  Achray  to  Stirling  to  prove  to  himself  tlmt  his  hei 


i  incomparably 

appear  like  an 
ndorr,  will  he 


Bile. 


s  1st. 


.<■  ..ell  known 
o  galloped  the 


■  add  ha' 


ridden  it  in  a  certain  tuns  ! 


.......  \I  <4  CUT!  SCOTLAND  -Off  the  wo  tern  coast  of  Scotland,  and  easily  reached  now  by  cacursiou  •tenmere,  Nature  ha.  placed  one  of  her  greatest  ninrvrU,  imni.lv.  the  i.lan.l  of 

Si.ilt  !  ri.imr  in  barren  grandeur  from  the  or. an  and  looking  like  nu  enormous  tnl.le  supported  by  innumerable  columns  which  rot  upon  >.  floor  of  Ispi*  Uiuli  It . .  about  a  mile  in 

circumference  vet  its  perpendicular  cliff*  present ..  grand  appearance,  reaching  at  certain  point,  an  elevation  of  140  feet,  and  hone;  combed  with  wav  won.  cave...  lined  with  innumerable 

t  which  in  some  Instance*  curve  outward,  although  to  mow  successfully  oppose  their  breast*  to  the  tremendous  surge*  <>f  the  sea.  Tho  target  of  the*.-  opening*  i»  f.ngnU 

flute,  co  umn.  ,  ,ri  ^  ^  V)M,  lholl|.|,  ..  rough  it  i*  <m|»ot.it>lr  to  enter  it.  It.  curving  roof  i«  nearly  100  feel  aimer  the  wave.,  and  in  calm  weather  traveler. 

Ur  |Dlo  ,he  heart  of  the  cliff  along  that  pillared  ve.tibulc  230  fret  in  length.  At  the  extreme  end  of  this  magnificent  cavern  i*  a  kind  of  natural  throne,  imposing  enough  to 
iuggest  the  kingly  Mat  of  Neptune  himself.  mid  from  this  the  view  outward  through  this  avenue  of  columns  whose  pave 
raging  on  tlii*  const  the  scene  nt  Pingnl’a  Cave 

this  mightv  cavern  cun  be  heard  for  miles.  .  ». 

toll.,.  Esj'fl  mired  ..or  p,mn,.J.  or  Hirer  hum*  tjt.  butelil  lUBnod  pipikMi  .ml  ll.lnial  to  it,  owlol  .rnipliomo.. 


i*  the  «eu,  is  beautiful  beyond  description.  When  a  storm  is 
s  said  to  be  sublime.  The  force  of  the  stupendous  billow*  hurled  against  the-  cliff*  i*  then  appalling,  and  the  incusumt  roar  emerging  from 
r.l  n  solemn  Minster  of  the  *en,  wrought  ages  since  by  Nature’s  architect,  and  Ocean'*  anthems  have  resounded  here  in  uinjesty  long 


133 


lUHNS’  COTTAOK  SCOTLAND  —Ayrshire,  (lie  "Lund  of  Burn*,"  is  one  of  tlio  inoi!  interesting  features  not  merely  of  Scotland,  but  of  Europe,  to  those  who  love  t  ■  visit  placet 
hallowed  by  the  genius  of  Illustrious  nu  n.  The  little  town  of  Ayr  abounds  In  memorials  of  the  poet,  on.-  of  which  Is  tills  humble  « ••ttrstf*  in  whi«  I.  Hubert  Burn.  «  .*  burn  in  17M»  The 
little  bedstead  in  which  he  slept  was  once  bought  for  n  mere  trifle  by  a  stable-boy.  who  afterward,  sold  it  for  twenty  pound.  Everythin*  in  the  vicinity  remind,  u*  of  hi.  poem*.  Not  far 
awav  for  example,  is  •  Auld  Alloway's  witeh  haunted  Kirk,”  the  ...nr  of  Tam  O'Shanter'.  ludicrous  adventure  on  that  night  when  Hums  tells  us  ••  Even ■  child  might  understand  the 
Devil  had  bii.IncM  on  Ilia  hand  ’’  Near  here  also  are  the  "  H  inks  and  Br.es  of  Roooie  Dooo.”  that  lovely  stream  of  which  the  poet  basso  sweetly  .110*  It  wa.  while  pacing  up  and  down 
the  bunks  of  this  river  one  winter’s  afternoon  111  1700  tlmt  Hums  composed  his  poem  of  Turn  O’Shanter;  und  one  mny  see  n»w  the  verv  bridge  o’er  which  the  terrified  Tam  rode  from  the 
witche.  for  dear  Ilf.  on  lux  gray  mar.,  Maggie !  It  was  al«o  while  standing  beside  this  stream  that  Burns  and  hi.  "  Highland  Mary”  held  a  little  Bible  between  them  (still  prx  >•  nred  in 
the  Burns  Museum  at  Ayr),  and  pledged  to  on.  li  other  eternal  faithfulness.  Between  the  faded  leaves  of  that  Bible  now  rests  a  little  tre.s  of  her  hair,  and  who  can  forget  the  sad  line,  .f 
her  lover,  as  after  death  hi-  wrote  Unit  poem  commencing  "Ye  banks  and  braes  of  Bonnie  Boon.  How  can  ye  bloom  .no  fresh  and  fair'  How  can  ye  chant.  ><•  little  birds.  And  I  .a.  weary 
mid  f  II  o’enref”  The  name  of  Burns  is  11  household  word  in  Scotland,  aud  he  is  immortnlly  enshrined  in  the  affection,  of  his  countrymen  More  than  30,000  strangers  »Wt  this 
birthplace  of  Bums  every  year!  1JW 


it  few  place 


NOKTH  i  AIM:.  NOHW  AV  —Travel  in  Nor«uy  n.mirally  dlviilc*  its.  if  in  tlire 

mid  third,  the  voyage  from  Troudjbom  to  the  North  Cnpe.  Tlr . "  . 

day*  for  the  round  trip.  It  i*  n  charming  expedition,  for  only 
between  the  court  of  .Norway  and  the  long  fringe  of  island*  which  serve  f-  . 

The  North  Cape  is  a  most  Imposing  promontory  rising  with  gloomy  alimot  p.rp 
sentinel  u  little  in  advance,  as  if  to  guard  the  cowl  of  Europe  from  tlie  A  ret 
been  erected  to  comme.iion.le  King  Oscar’*  vi.it  to  the  Cnpc  in  1*M  Just 
mountain  to  he  on  their  guard  It  i*  a  never-to-be-forgotten  moment  ' 
r  memorable  experience  when.  a»  the  lmml»  >•(  hi*  watch  poi 


"T‘< 


first,  the  drive  through  it*  mountainous  iuterior;  second,  the  ex plomt ion  of  its  grand  Fjord*; 
,lrBjon  steamers,  which  run  two  or  three  time*  a  >vevk  during  the  summer  month*,  occupies  eight 
need  rough  weather  lie  feared,  since  for  almost  the  entire  distance  the  steamer  glide*  along  in  smooth  water 
re  than  1,000  mil.  s  as  a  break-water  to  protect  the  Norwegian  shore  from  the  billows  of  the  North  Atlantic. 

nlnr  cliff*  from  the  dark  ocean  at  it*  bn«<-.  It  is  in  reality  an  Island,  stationed  like  »  gigantic 
storms.  The  ascent  is  not  dangerous,  hut  very  wearisome.  On  the  .uiniait  «  small  granite  rr-  — ■■■■—■• 

.re  midnight  rocket*  are  fired  from  the  steamer  to  warn  such  passengers  a*  may  then  find  them 
i  one  stands  upon  this  northern  boundary  of  Europe,  *o  near  to,  yet  s« 
n  twelve  o’clock,  the  traveler  gnr.es  northward  o 


on  the 


r>  far  from,  the  North  Pole, 
r  the  curving  shoulder  of  the  globe,  and  sees  Iht  Uni 


iijKt 


This 


there  i* 


, 'underfill  phenomenon  of 
irecptibl*1  difference  lietw. 


ndlcu  day.  with  a  lirilliaut  si 

i.ht  and  day. 


ildnight,  i 


isiblo  from  May  11th  to  July  30th;  but  practically  for  a  much  longer 


a  northern  Norway 


■r»  in  their  tour  through  the 
tuture,  the  men  heiug  about 
ile  of  reindeer  skin  with  the 


..  ...  on  NorthwMtern  coiut  of  Norway,  nrc  settlement*  of  Uplandcra,  frequently  visited  by  trn 

UHOUl’  OP  LAPPS,  NOHVVM  I'M  o  "  tl,,  . . ,,  The  Lapp,  .re  by  M«Mn  lieautllul.  nttmciive  or  el . lie.  They  urr  ehorr 

■'  Lurid  o,  .be  . . «h.  »»»  "  ■>»"  »'•>•“»"»  "Hl^Telrt  J? irkLd  lo.U  b.  Led  ~d  . . ml . . .  eye..  The,  me.,  « . . 

«"■  'eel  high,  mil  we*—™  ,  „hmM  from  pure,,. . .  The  loser  limb.  „l  llie  Lapp.  .re  woolly  eo.ere.l  errltr  tud.ol  -or . I  "o.nu  .Lool  the 

. . . . .  Tb-e  *«*.  I.  “  * .he,  .eo  ihei,  own  .kin  . . .  he. . . . .  m.ile  „l  .oml.  reel  ...I  .Im*.  .ml  Hoed ^.l.h 

oil  Klee,  .ml  legging,  ol  whole  .him  wlileli  III  Ib.lr  rm  k  ’  miiri.t.  bone  luiieeo,  lor  pome.  ,.n,l  ..iber  objeeU  ol  their  own  m.onl.etore.  They  .re  rough  oml  turd, 

™  — T*.  »-  —  »>  ^  They  ore  gre.,  .imihem,  .ml,  -  «.  ho..  -  -  «  *T  ■*-«* 

^ror.™w“'.S°r.r.?»a  eeV.;  -,  .0  l,.ro  "Don’t  iioikc  n  Lnpp  ot  j ourself." 


without  This  creates  «n  ardent  thirst,  and  they  arc  in  consequence  very  fond  of  indicating  liquor*.  When  u  Norwegian  wiihttto 


NAEKODAL  PASS,  NOHWAV  -The  *•  Nm-rodil 
wonderful  coast  of  Norway.  'hut  long  arms  of  the  aca.  cum- 
dills,  which  uppri 


mnirnilicent  mountain-gorRc  extending  inland  .ml  upward  from  the  equally  .uhlim.  ”  Nacrofjord."  It  U  chameterutic  of  the 
Kptonl.  ”  wind  inland  from  the  Atlantic  for  nearly  onr  hundred  mile.,  l-ordcred  hr  gigantic,  gloomy,  almost  perpcnd.cu  ar 
•m*  of  the  *cu.  c nr  '  J  •  n),int|,,„  o^cade*  may  be  blown  over  the  deck  of  the  steamer  a*  it  glide*  along  at  their  bate  At  the  extremity 

clilR  which  approach  each  other  .«  tunes  *o  c|<«oly  that  the.pm,  _  |0frtrd%  the  interior.  and  no  dou'.t  tneh  w.Id  rnvme.  a*  the  Nacrodal  one.  contained  water  ;  the  gradual  elevat.on 
of  almoat  every  tuch  fjonl  the  grooved  formation  of  the  ^  ^  ^  ^  j(  ^  ^  ^  „|t|wl  l  ollM  haw  „,i„|  through  tin.  Naerodal.  when-  trav  ten 

of  the  ahore  hoving  caused  the  ocean  to  r<,,irr  ? d. rk  am|  almost  perpendicular  mountains,  without  a  scrap  of  vegetation 

"'V  III.. . . I  a.  On. 

wrinkled  face*  stream  numbcrlcaa  waterfall*  «no  oi 
.  most  brilliant  and  beautiful  appearance,  especially  at  »i 


their  barren  shirt,  though  down  their  savage, 
Thimble,  and,  as  its  composition  i»»llvery  feldspar,  it  presents 


T  under  the  refulgence  of  the  moon. 


..f  . I, ........ t  ■miitituiiv  im  .ill'll  nun  iu  Mir  kwiiu.  ■>  iu*  —  •  J  called  the  Venice  of  Ihr  North. 

PAN*. KAMA  OP  ®"^0*"K which  ..  the  overflow  of  the  beautiful  Ukr  Mai.,,  half  a  tu.l,  -  «*•*■»«  •«,  tumultuous 

ilium  I  *,  unil  through  it  swi  ip»  a  f.  <»  ,  -  ,  ,  i|iruiigb  Ihr  city  with  hiilf  the  uproar  of  n  entnmet !  Upon  it*  fmr  npan.e.a  *,on<' ‘  ,lirow  0U,J  ,ro1 

fascinating  i»  that  mn».  of  emerald  «atrr  .  g  I  w.j,j|r  through  their  midst,  from  ,.omt  to  point.  dart  t.u.  k  and  forth  n  muUitmlc  «.f  little 

rnumllv  half  a  doaen  steamer*  hound  to  vnr.ou*  p  '  tnk..  ,|lt.  place  of  hunt  ears  in  our  cities.  On  some  of  the  island*  of  Stockholm,  ami  at  many  p. 

tlio  «i*c  "f  tug  hoiit*.  These  lire  "  -  .  |  s.v..,|,,h  eapital  a  charming  place  of  residenee  in  summer.  The  people  then  spend  a*  much  time  u»  po 

lovely  gardens  and  plana  of  amusement,  which*  ^  ^  j . .  ^  ^  |iintf  (u(nmrr  «TrIllngv  marked  liy  u  .livery  light  that  nev.  r  wane*,  but  merely  brighten,  inf 


i  that 

enchanting  than  the  days 

pleasure. 


It  is  founded  on  tlx 
to  the  Baltic.  How 
n  the  Grand  Hotel,  are 
steam  launches,  about 
ints  in  iu  vicinity,  are 


lihle  i 


the  t 


irthern  latitude  almo*l  no  darkness,  a 
The  cordial  hospitality,  annoy  disprn 


ai|ui»itc  politeness  of  the  Swedes  are  additional  reasons  why  the  traveler  remember* 


dawn,  arc  even  more 
Stockholm  with  great 


„  ..  .„.nRS  . . . . .  ,i,.  . . i.  -Id . . . . . . .  iiiiiulioir.  oompfc . .  l™>  . '>  I'"'  ",y; 

KOVAL  PALAl-E.  SIOI  KI10I.M,  Ml  LOLA  im  ,  il  c.ddol  l«  ollnL  niwiUI)  ™  <!<■■«  ■|.pto«*,L;  I...  in  biipr  .mlb.R  n>nn<l  . . tunc.  (M»Wb 

K  i.  tin  11..J..I  l‘«l*Cd  In  ■»'  i:".'1”  Ml,  „„  .  Thv  .nt.-rio,  ol  .1,.  buiLlins.  dlllio.  gt.  «»  ihnwl)  IWallhnl.  n  nr,  .llnctira  I......  thr  tomnllkd  mr  »l  m* 

nf  nind.1  iolrn.l  i.  the  Couddl  Cbamlicr.  o  IudiUihiii-  holl  adorned  with  flue  o«k  ™"»A  “>“*  "'A  tloUln.  Uporn  V  I,t-ro  .-n-n  Friday 
„„  n„(l  whatever  tuny  be  the  nhilitira  of  thoac  who  then  naacmble  there,  it  >■  safe  to  say  that  the  King  himself  i»  their  superior. 

...  „„  thouoh  unnren-idlins.  i>  ol  Ibc  mo.l  rvllnrd  id  Kuro].r  No  olhrt  «>.rre>|!»  «,.»!»  I, in.  .o  rr.|irri  ovholnolj  MIoioTOIt.  "»'«•  H  br  P»l» 

..a  oriHnnry  rami.  Ilis  court,  tnouju  |  *  (  _ .1 _ ,..j _ _  .hl.  in  »„  imnmmnin  anrerli  of  nurrit  lnlm.  Me  lour 

mi  XIII  He  spenk*  all  the  pn 


the  keen  frusta  of  a  northern  winter  have 
simplicity  which  there  provnll*.  »>ne 
morning  King  0*car  11 110I1U  n  confcre 


f  the  mo*l  rclinea  in  r.urope.  no  inner  ausvisugu  hint  in  respect  t«.  tcnoiariy  . . . 

■  An,l  enn  at  any  time  ...hires  the  ctudenU  ol  the  tnivcmitica  in  an  impromptu  speech  o(  purest  latin  He  long  ago  acquired 

,  ,  «  » . . . -  »■» "  »•  *  . . • . «  -  ““•“*» 

Spanish  anil  Oermnn  writer*.  The  Swedes  have  reason  to  he  proud  of  their  King.  147 


It,  utrccts  would  put  to  •home  tin-  »*“»'  A""'nian  ,or'"  K  .  of  courM.  ,i,„  Dane.  hove  little  liilnrion.  gaiety,  lik*-  Hint  which  i  hnraeti  m.  >  the  Nenpnhirii..  Iluv  1«> 
rarely  find,  more  general  good  humor  in  n  P«P»«*“  ^  t wull  ’ .com.  with  them  n  univenud  trait,  polltenc.  nn  invariable  rule  Our  old  friend.  H.ndet,  therefore  a.  the 

~r*n,lv  happy  Their  fare,  beam  « tlh  rain,  eontntm  h  ‘  ja  |h>  ,,irlhpllirc  of  lhc  great  arulpt.  r.  Thorw.ld.en ;  and  one  of  th.  . . .  building.  In  the  c.ty  ..  the  Mu.rum 

"melancholy  Dane,"  mu.t  have  been  «  natioua  e\i  p  >  •  (  tlmt  Mu.cum,  .ut  rounded  by  the  niartcrpirce.of  hi.  geniu*.  Thorwald»en  He*  buried 

narod  to  contain  original,  or  copic*  of  all  hi.  worka  In  .  ^ 


HAKIIOK  OF  HAMBl’HG.  GKHMANY  -Hamburg 
it  now  exists.  it  is  n  modern  creation.  At  first  tbi*  city  «** 
cntcrr.ri.es,  the  principal  current  wn.  diverted  to  if  pre-cut 
planted  with  tree*.  Vessel,  drawing  fourteen  feet  of  » 
canal,  which  intersect  the  town,  and  make  more  than  «i>ty 
The  river  ..  always  covered  with  a  multitude  of  ship*  and  *t 
enift.  We  can  hardly  be  .urpriscd,  therefore, 
world.  Hamburg  i*  u  very  auoi 


located  on  the  river  Klhe  at  the  mouth  of  one  of  the  tributaries  of  tliut  Mrcurn,  —  the  After  I'-  burbot  is  u  very  extensive  one,  hut  a. 
...me  distance  from  the  main  brnnch  of  the  Elbe,  and  the  mouth  of  the  After  served  a.  its  port,  but  owing  to  vn»t  engineering 
nme.  The  quays  of  Hamburg  now  cover  a  distance  of  about  three  miles,  and  beside  tamo  of  them  ore  pleasant  promenade* 
er  come  up  to  the  city  Itself,  null  their  cargoes  are  distributed  by  mean,  of  barges  to  the  warehouses,  which  line  the  numerous 
id”c«  n  necessity.  This  harbor  of  Hamburg  presents,  a*  the  illustration  before  us  mskes  evident,  a  very  animated  scene. 
nu"r».  some  of  them  close  to  the  shore.  There  i»  .aid  to  be  room  here  for  100  oceau  vessels,  and  for  twice  that  number  of  river 
Hamburg  ranks  first  of  all  the  seats  of  commerce  on  the  Continent,  sending  its  ships  and  steamer,  out  to  every  portion  of  tho 


having  been  founded  probably  l.y  Charlemagne  in  the  year 


In  its  vicinity  are  many  pretty  Tillages,  beautiful  promenades  and  charming  villas. 


H.3 


,  .  »«  i,  nn»  „f  Uiohs  dtlen  which  combine  the  charnciori«tlc»  of  imrJinvwl  nod  mixlrrn  IS.  rmau>  So 

HANKKOHT  GKKMANY  - I''n...k forl  oo  . I..-  "  f  „,p  Sl.H  . . .  . . I.  well  «n  l  adorned  will.  . . I . »o. . .  I- 

iimw  ...  I  hey  were  ,ix  ccnturic.  and  other.  '  olltertni.tt  .1  in  the  Kninernaal.  the  w  nIU  of  which  ore  rov.  n-.|  with  their  p»i 

■  n  i.  Il.c  . . .  1.OT  «««  l"“i“  “  11  . . . .  "" 

«•*  fm  above  the  town,  the  German  r.mperu  . 


ic  of  it«  street*  nrr  n*  winding  nnd  ii» 
in*  many  intcrcnting  relic*  »f  the  pant, 
rail*.  Ill  iln  cathedral,  whoar  npire 
It*  bightwl Iltei 


led  to  promote 
Gwthc  liteitilurc  ( 


i*ti>  i.t  No  **3  Hirwhurnl.cn.  In  1803  «hc  hounc  wan  purchnncd  for  50,000  II. 

,  rivrr  Mn  in  in  ..  .pot  known  a*  “0«the  *  »cl.  hccaunc he . ■»'«  ^  j<  ^  (.,y  (>f  in, W(.,lUh.  ,.nd  offer*  a  good  market  for  Ammo...  . . .  I«*  name  .»*«.d  tot* 

£  "i,h  h!‘  *rmj  of  Fr<"‘l‘: fouo'1  he"‘  f0,,‘  r,v“r' 


on  ilir  Rhine,  Cologuo  ii  the  wealthiest  mid  moat  renowned.  It  hue  played  quite  a  role  even  in  Kornnti  history.  Here 
Here  Vltcllu.  and  Silvauu.  were  proclaimed  Emperor* .  and  here  the  hitter  ««  murdered  by  hi.  cohort*.  Here  -iUo.  in  the 
.  miiiher  of  Nero  and  .he.  retaining  an  affection  for  her  birthplace,  .ent  here  in  after  je.ir.  a  colony  of  Homan  veteran*  and  gave  it  her  name, 

on.ln  »"■  !»■»  '  A  ..I  cl.ur.lM'.  HmC  .be  c, . .  •  .hi.  cl.,  I-  .he  Hhtoc.  b«.  "l™u~  f 

whence  come*  the  modern  name  <  ^  nff<>i>n  V|>1|fm  111JO  tmrclly  recognlic  it  now  Mnaaive  indeed  it  wa.  and  vaat,  but  looking  «>mc*hat  like  the  hull  of  an 


THE  I11IINE  AX1I  COLOOXK  HEHMAXV  -Of, .11  >h. OH- 

™,;:„  . . a,. - . 


Culunio  Agrippina, 
cathed rul  in  the  foregroun. 


i  nio.iern  in..*.,  ■  ""v . 

who  Hut  now  it  ha.  a  glory  and  a  maje.ly  which  lift  it  heavenward  above  all  other  .  hnrrhc.  in  the  imH.  It  I. 

“*•  1  the  ■iirfacc  of . globe.  Beg . .  ,m  i,  wa.  no,  completed  till  The  hi,  .tone  wan  ^ 


ccrrinonie*.  in  the  pre.eoe. 

i*  impoa.lblo  to  gar 


.  of  the  old  Bmpcrc 
rtnin  piirta  of  cither  the  exterior  c 


Ita  tower*  reach  an  altitude  of  Ml  feet !  The  nave  i.  145  feet  high  from  floor  to  roof! 
interior  of  this  ■lupendoiia  .troeture  without  feeling  well-nigli  em.l.cd  by  an  overpowering  nmlllMion  of  the  .ublime 


V...  nf  .he  most  charming  feature*  of  the  Old  World  is  Heidelberg  Castle  towering  above  the 

IIKIDKLIIERO  CASTLE.  OKHMAJO  1  “c  ,orjoll,  From  the  Castle  Hotel."  ju»l  above  the  r.nn  il.clf.  one  gasr.  * 

.liver  to  the  Rhine  not  many  mile.  away  m.en,flceat  rug  of  deepest  green,  from  which  the  castle  ri.es  in  it.  grandeur  Tht 

and  the  great  forcat  a1 1  about  him,  Ilk*  *"lolfU  ,pftnIlr<|  ftt  frequent  interval,  by  half-mined  arches,  crowned  . 

!„  cl,  lij«l  1  Knrt,  po^on  o,  lb.  building  digin  In  rtjlo  nod  I 


ig  above  me  river  Ncekar.  which  roll,  beneath  it  like  a  flood  of 
gaze,  with  increasing  pleasure  upon  the  shadow-darkened 


The  forest  itself  i.  threaded  with  countless  r_ . _.r 

nd  tin-  ere.il  - . . ;  ,,  „,H„|rtEl  .pKd  «  m.preu.  »“™  •»  . . —  Clowned  oilb  Innminnl  nild  donore  cud  rere«.d  bj  lb.  clinging 

.bettered  fioni  lire  .mi.  i"  tnrij  .pilngdlno  linul  .  di.nliijod.  Knob  portion  o(  lire  building  dlKcn  In  .lylo  and  llui.l,  lion,  llnnalghboi.  The  mot.  p 

dng.-»rfnbnndlrfan<n._iA_«^J^;^^^u^8hiahd|«OTrein.t,lni^mi^o«l;_KorHnldiIb  . . “  "  . . 


lpletcly 

tinging 

similarity. 


•prtng-ttmi  no.  displayed.  Bach  portion  of  the  building  differs  in  alyle  and  fluwh  from  iu  neighbor  I  he  root*  jiohcm  no  sinmtfiiy. 

•rent  variety  of  architecture  is  jjgflrcnro  in  .tjle  i»  undcretood.  For  Heidelberg  Castle  was  not.  after  all,  the  work  ..f  any  <m *  great  architect,  or 

•rta  u.i.n  reun.l  tonct  k ad**  I  ibnongb  m  jo  A  wond.rfull,  tn.oln.llng  pkn  I.  lire  old  court  ..I  ll.id.lb.ig  iltb.i  jm.  .1... 

even  one  <igr,  but  rather  i.  n  scries  of  old  palaces  tree  ^  ^  ^  w4(h  ii|ver  ,nn,ini,.  In  that  mysterious  light  it.  sculptured  kings  and  warriors  seem  like  living  being,  gathered  here  to 
..1  l.,  tt«i  .llil  ivl.cn  Hu  '■  ,h'?f  “  'Sj  nith  ..ll.nl  knlghu,  l*di»  "“•<  .ucclvoiccd  nun.lrcl.- 

■pcnk  nt  lire  uld  linn.  «b.n  tto.c  g~d  bill. ««• 


. .  r>  „r  Ih»  n.o.i  important  of  Rhenish  cities  is  Coblcnt*,  which  he.  at  the  meeting  point  ol  the  Rhine  nnu  tne  mosci.  me  wnicre  01  sue 

COBT.BSTZ  ON  THE  HUINB.  OKH1IAN' ' "  "  JJJ,  iu  . laliactlj,  «.  thm.gl,  ...... ,11  „.t-  nk  F,.,,.h  .......  .ill,  .1,,  .....  O'™"!- 

klreuma  do  not  ut  once  assimilate.  The  lo.e  p  Thc  Ron)ftn>  founded  here.  1800  yearn  ago,  a  city  known  a*  ••  Confluentia.”  Hither,  after  the  death  of  Charlemagne  came 

The  historic  »ouvcnir»  of  thi*  town  are  extreme  \  i  ■  .  c,  ,,  u!l>  „  favorite  residence  of  thc  Empress  Augusta  of  Germany,  wife  of  old  Kaiser  W  illinm.  A  bndge  of  bust* 

his  grandsons  to  divide  between  them  hit  gigm.tu  empi  .  bci.,bt>  ri,„  the  celebrated  fort  res*  of  Ehrenbreitstein.  appropriately  called  the  Gibraltar  of  thc  Rhine  "  It  » 

connects  this  city  with  the  opposite  bank,  whore  on  a  JP  <  ,Wo  streams,  and  capablo  of  Instantly  transforming  the  peaceful  romance  of  lb.-  river  into  a  tragedy  of  blood 

a  „onc  Colossus  effectively  protecting  this  most  ^^2  ”  0ut  of  the  possession  of  the  Germans;  for  the  ••  Broad  -tone  of  Honor  ”  which  thus  guard,  it  is  held  to  be  impregnable. 

,  - .  >.  :»  Mft.  to  snv,  therefore,  that  t  ooieni*  i 

i™  j„;;bT !;  ■■  ***  -•“» iu"™ 


rhe  interest  which  wo  tnko  in  tho  river*  of  our  globe  increase*  in  proportion  lo  tho  hirtoric  .outrenlr*  which  warn  to 
.»•  one  of  the  very  foremost  of  the  world'*  Knot  river*  i»  the  noble  Rhine.  Thi*  illu»tr»tiou  reveal*  to  us  one  of  the  innny 
non  in  a*  we  nail  along;  their  massive  wall*  anil  ivy-covered  battlements  telling  u*  of  « me  famous  deeds  of  chivalry  or 
.  ,  it*  title  to  n  lovely  maiden  nnmed  <5ut«,  who  was  wooed  and  married  by  a  brave  English  knight  under  romantic 


THE  1UIINX  C.LTENPKLS  AND  THE  PFALZ,  « H ! t M j " ‘/Tl.t-'v^y ‘fore’ 

mingle  w  itli  their  foam  and  murmur  with  their  “ 1  *  |(  ui|  |hcir  „la,»iv,.  walla  anil  ivy-coveml  battlement*  telling  u.  ol  seme  famous  uccsta  oi  cu.vwr,  ... 

mined  castle*  whic  h  from  tl.e.r  mountain  crest*  loot.  *»  i  )  r  ^  ^  ^  ^  #  ,oV(lIy  mn,don  nnnm,  who  WM  wool.,,  nnd  married  by  a  brave  English  knight  under  romantic 

romance  through  n  line  of  eenturir*  “*  ,T*  Helow  thi*  cattle  stand*  In  tho  middle  of  the  Rhine  a  tower,  known  a*  the  Pfal*.  Here,  it  is  said,  toll  i»  still  paid  to  the 

circumstance*  which  can  not  be  enuniM*  ">  >'*  .arriving  iniUnccof  a  common  riiitom  centime*  agoio  many  place*  on  it*  bank*.  This  tower  *lso  ha*  it*  poetic  legend  A 

Duke  of  Nassau  by  all  vessel*  mtviKnuiig  the  n  rt.  <h(mM  llgain.t  hi*  will  the  hero  of  her  love.  But  nil  in  vain.  The  Romeo  of  the  Rhine  at  In.l  *«  ur.  d  admission 

certain  fount  Palatine  u*ed  thi*  a*  u  prison  or  n*  ■  »  -  ■  . ]Csnite  all  obilnclo*.  It  wo*  at  thi*  point  that  the  Pruwian  army  under  Bluehcr  crossed  the  Rhine  iu  1914,  to  advance 

.  ,  i  ..  ...i,,,;,,,  and  the  lovera  were  uniico  in  mar.inj,  i 

*»»»“  N""ouo'' 


pa  RSI  (IN  HAY  OBERAMMEKGAU.  —The  tillage  of  Olierninwergau.  hidden  oxvny  in  the  Tyrolese  Alpa  of  Bavaria.  I'M  for  nine  , 
r:  CRUCIF  XI  )-  .  ‘  '  from  it*  obscurity,  nml,  like  a  comet  ot  iU  periodic  visitation,  come*  once  more  into  the  vision  of  mankind.  The 


*  lifeless  and 
The  cauic  of  this 

h  year  it tha'n c rformuce  there  of  it*  wonderful  Paasion  Piny.  Two  hundred  and  fifty  year*  ago  a  plnguc  nn.i  raging  in  Bnvaria.  In  Obarammergau 
celrbrity  ot  the  recurrence  of  each  OeCMC  !,.rriflcd  .urrivor.  made  a  vow  to  tlod  that  if  lie  would  thereafter  .pare  their  lire*  they  would  henceforth  perform  every  ten  years  a 

alone  one  hundred  persona  had  thui  |HWi»hoil.  e  «•  BVCf  tince  tho,t,  villagers  have  deemed  themselves  compelled  to  carry  out  the  vow  of  tbeir  forefather*,  bequeathing  it  from 

drama  of  Christ's  life  and  sufferings.  The  plague  a  1  .  ^  ff  i1ri  p,lvlion  p|liy  WOnld  aoexn  offensive.  Like  a  wild  mountain-flower,  it  would  not  bear  transplanting  to  unother  aoil. 

a  ottered  and  important  legacy,  r.  .  .  . 


generation  to  generation  w  aucrcU  ana  mil*0  na„irnj  The  piety,  sincerity  nnd  intelligence  of  these  villagers,  who  profit  by  centuries  of  atage  tradition  and  are  tilled  with  enthusiasm 
. an  "  '  .  ’  .  _ .i  .i.i.  nr.uliiciion.  The  nlnv  is  nerformed  ororv  Sunday  (nnd  sometimes  oftener)  through  the  month*  of  June.  July, 


In  Oborammcrgau,  however,  it  1*  appropriate  a 
and  religious  fervor,  reconcile  even  the 

*•  ._-.4  from  eight  in  the  n: 


>itivc  to  ,jji#  remarkable  production.  The  play  is  performed  every  Sunday  (nnd  sometime*  oftener)  through  the  months  of  June.  July, 
till  si*  in  the  evening,  with  tho  intermission  of  an  hour  and  a  half  at  noon.  It  has  eighteen  acts  and  twenty-five  tableaus. 
August  and  September.  It  lasts  from  eigm  in  io  mo  K  ^  Maj(,r  who  fcir  three  decade*  has  enacted  the  part  of  Christ,  is  a  man  of  noble  ehararfer,  majestic  figure  and  positive  genius 
Sometimes  five  hundred  people  are  on  the  stage  .t  ome.  ^  ^  _  .#  (hr  thrilling  in  the  drams.  Maier  Imng.  upon  the  emu  for  twenty  two  minutes,  and  all  the  details  narrated  in 

in  hi*  refined  conception  of  his  role.  T scene  o  incident*  thus  solemnly  and  beautifully  represented  under  the  open  sky,  a*  if  in  actual  life,  it  n  unique  experience,  repaying 

lh,  uo.,.,1. ...  hiiMoiir  T"  rrT  llk, .  Mkita. 

almost  any  wierifleo.  Forever  after  it  linger*  m  the  m  morj  ,87 


[ 


,1  ■  r uicr  .leu  Linden,  nnd  In  elo.e  met, nit;  to  the  lntpnml  Annonrj  end  tin  mranillc.nt  .tntne  «l  t  nderiek  the  Oral, 

i|.||.,„t-  i-M  tit:  lillillN  .  I . .  . | to . . . . . . .  . . | . I  -it . . ■  I  i-  i. 

the  Unman  K'nintnr  Tin  . . ;••>««»  “>  . ,  I„„  t,  A  tmwe  ««*  k,  «"d  Inner  '•  '■ . .  P" . 

:“eLIdt8ne.  'r“  -  . . . .  . . 2-  X  -  •"»“  ««■>  P*»»  '««  "«»  *"  " 1  . . . 

turned  it  again,  and  atood  thiu  till  the  *W  “  P  '  » 

u  it  U  the  one  cln.p  left  unbuttoned  that  I*  the  ru  m 


PRINCE  BISMARCK'S  RESUMIN'*  E. .BERLIN 

coni >1  doubt  bi*  popularity  with  the  Get 
and  the  cry  of  Hitimiick 
been 


im'ii i  of  tin-  Great  Chancellor  of  to  rnmny,  when  this  plain,  n 
ii  hope  of  seeing  him,  for  notwithstanding  Boinirck's  i 


ostentatious  house  almost 

i  ilir  , i biiik'  of  Rurally  A  crowd  of  people  often  walled  non?  oeluro  11  in  nope 01  seeing  nun,  lor  not w 1 1 iiximni iti^:  tn-msrvk  •  occasional  arrogance.  no  one 
Interest  am  iinporiaii' 1  *  ”•  people  Wlii’n.  for  c. sample,  hr  appeared  in  public  ul  the  reception  given  in  Berlin  lo  the  King  of  Italy,  the  streets  were  crowded  with  humanity, 

'much  louder  here  than  Hint  wbirh  greeted  either  King  or  Emperor.  In  fact,  when  Bismarck's  carriage  turned  into  the  Linden,  the  roar  of  acclamations 
al  me  re  I  v  Bismarck  as  an  Oulitiil'iiil  whom  they  Ihua  minted.  IIo  was  continually  to  the  Germans  n  rtmimltr  •><  >ht,r  .iri^'i  glory!  The  sight  of  him,  for 


unrelentingly  the  Provinces . 

admired  Bismarck  even  while  it  may  have  fered  him  Ur  -• 
. .  1..I  ol  I  he  *m>l  hm».l.r.  u«ll»l  . . . 


in  in  ail  u.  |,i»  |„„ir  of  triumph  al  Versailles,  when  hedeclared  hislcrmsto  the  dismayed  and  hopele**  liplonnit*.  Juki  huvn  and  Tin-  r«:  demanding 

pie,  instantly  walk*  a  un  rrl  0,|  and  an  indemnity  of  lire  thousand  million  francs'  In  memory  then  of  all  that  he  has  done.il  is  not  » I  range  that  tSerraany  bos 

entinirlv  the  Provinces  o  .  sau  nu  .  ...  .  -  at  men,  he  ihowa  to  hotter  advantage  on  a  pedestal  thnn  under  chuc  inspection.  But  he  is.  nevertheless,  a  grand 


cflgui 


Iterlin  form*  the  commencement  of  It.  most  fnmou*  »trrot,  tin-  " l  ntct  den  Linden.”  or  "  l  n«l«r  the  Lime  Tr.  «  •  lu 

. . .  .  .,  “J  length.  M«,  ..a . e . . .  nr.  «  .Ihwce.  I.  to  . . 

rd  for  carriage*  of  royalty .  I  |*ou  the  •utnmit  i*  a  uraoie  car 
mqucror  i>f  I'niwia,  he  ordered  that  till*  triumphal  chariot 
*  ''  "  Jdew  of 


u„,s,,t:s-ont,  «*«.  . ” . .  ** . . . . 

situation  thus  i*  ndtnirahle.  f»r  *  .  „  u  rfl,rnll.(|  by  five  different  pswegewaye,  the  eoutml  one  hclng  re.ei 

beitiff  about  71)  feet  In  height  and  2'M)  in  "f  hi.torv  In  1800  when  Napoleon  paaavd  beneath  tliin  gate  a* 

„(  Victory  tlrn.ro  I.J  (».»  too""  "  'i"'  “  " . “  .J  Sntlnh  (hum  tin.  .Her  X.,...l . . . .  tho  I . .  .■  I™  k  “"h  . . .  "I  "■)»«'»«.  . . .  1  “  . . . 

Victory  »  her  thro . Or  I*-**"*  ‘  V ‘  JT,  -  Berlin  .,.M  the  . . .  .  . . . . he  „„  «»h  P  . .  . . . *“ . .  "" 

together  with  the  Emperor,  Crown  Prime  am  '  ,lf  mut.h  of  the  diiplay  of  Berlin',  gay  and  fiuhionable  life. 

Thlergarten.  and  every  afternoon  thU  portal  U  the  nu.Uu 

inward  toward  the  oily.  ,W 


Beyond  thi*  gnlewny  i»  the  fnmoii.  park  of  Berlin,  the 
.  lmndaome  carriage*  roll  outward  to  the  pleawirc-grouud*  or 


.  . . .  iii.rlin  mid  another  glory  of  the  U liter  den  I.lnden  I*  (hr  Koval  Museum.  If  situation  i*  superb.  fronting  upon  » 

Tin:  ItOYAl.  MI  SIM  M.  IIKUI.IN  a  »  pr0!,,,np  ..  )4iM„,  ,ir„  A  noble  portico  Of  Ion.,  column.  «...  .1  ,n  n.r  -I  .Ume.l,  and  in..,.  •«>.  *hilr  if  g"al  »»*•>'  ••  P' . 1 

handsome  pa  A  . .  with  tr.cn.nl  ‘  ,IlCn,.l.|T0,i  uppcnr  on  such  n  pedwUl  diminutive.  At  the  foot  of  the  brad  »tairru»c.  leading  to  the  Mutiim.  is  an 

by  the  four  group  of  .tntunry  on  the  roof.  whwh.U»Q^  ,  ,ct  hewn  out  of  ..ingle  granite  boulder,  left  age  .g»  ..  .  memento  of  antiquity  be 

enormou.ba.in  of  pnliahc,  granite. ;  r  1  ?  *  t,  treasure.  in  the  Berlin  Museum  ,.r.  not  .o  nun,,  n . r  ...  v. « me  other  European 

l. .„  l,„  „  to  ,»n  lull,  m.d,  tlinl  tto  loT.r  of  •«  ™>  «  ,„,1  „„l,™  uullplur,  . .  <».«..  toto.m.  to  Ike  >»".«  '•  f»toWr  “»  «"» 

•  V"«  * . "“I”'""'  Thoupl,  modern  M,,h„l  Au«„o  -I  . .  hto.  . .  tluiu  *,  *«.*. 

m. iiuilta  ul  lr.  u-o,..  ■  ,„„u  „  ,|„  ,u„il,„,»  ol  the  Tone,  of  B.l.,1.  Hi,  tend,  A«,  ol  Homer  .ml  the  De.iraetiou  "I  Jom-lum,  lo  lh,  ..ploil.ol 

hiatory  ond  development  ..f  the  human  ft  ^  ^  ^  a|0nr  are  enough  to  giro  to  Berlin  .  unique  position  in  the  realm  of  the  fine  »rU. 


the  Criivnler*,  and  the  Age  of  the  Reformation. 


175 


...  Pronl  nrnndeubcrg  Rate,  which  another  illu.trution  in  thi.  volume  has  revealed,  extend.  through  the  heart  of  the  city  the  ooit  fnmouJ 

UNTEII  I)EN  MNDF.N.  HKRI.IN  —  From  th*  Rt«  „  or*.^n,|er  the  Lime  Tree*  "  The  name  i.  somewhat  inappropriate  at  p  re  wot,  for  there  are  few  tree,  now  in  thi.  busy 

thoroughfare  ..f  the  Prussian  capital,  the  t  nit  *  •  h(.u.^  jt  „  u  highway  of  which  the  Borlincso  are  ju.Uy  proud,  straight  a.  an  arrow,  more  than  u  mile  in  length,  and 

■t reel,  and  these  are  u..t  in  ..  very  flnuruhing  _  llir  ,„|are.of  Old  Kai.rr  Wilhelm  and  the  Crown  Prince.  Like  most  large  German  dtiea  Berlin  i.  admirably  paved, 

ornamented  by  many  hand.ome  buildings  *uch  u  ,  wltU  u.iha\l,  and  in  the  early  morning  they  are  thoroughly  waahed,  while  a  number  of  boy.  always  follow  up  the 

and  its  .tree!,  are  well  kept  and  .  lean.  Many  oi  . . gtUfr  N„  c,l„  yi,it  Berlin  to  day  without  feeling  that  it  has  arisen  to  be  not  only  chief  of  Pruwian  cities,  but  the 

watering-force  with  mop.  and  sponge,  to  remote  •  P  ,IM  b,  unparalleled  among  the  world's  great  capitals  It  i.  indeed  to  day  the  brain  and  arm  of  that  gigantic  body 

political  renter  of  the  Ocrn.au  Empire.  I  he  inereu  '  .S|ttl„mon)  which  hasin  the  lost  few  decade,  transformed  the  ...  .many  of  poetry,  legend  and  romantic  rum. 

».»» . »• . . .  -  —* . - *  >  - *■ 


Id  in  regard  to  their  atteuduuco  at  the  Opera  or  Theatre.  Recognixing  the 
ld  ftne  dramatic  performances,  the  officer*  of  the  Prussian  urnij  are  obliged  to  go  n  ccrtnin  number  of  time*  ever)  month  to  carefully 
awined  by  the  Government,  »o  that  a  high  standard  of  dramatic  excellence  and  a  reasonable  scale  of  price*  can  lie  maintained. 

.  . .  S,  Opera  «n.l  Drum,  tint  lli.J  wi-h  lo  .tomd  more  fmqu.ullj  lira,  ih.j  cull  poralblf  do  il  Ul.lmura  were  lira,  .Iw.j.  oereraraj. 

for  the  citlwns  theinsolvcs,  th  y  .  ,  ,ix  ur  S0Vcn,  s0  thnt  l.y  ten  o'clock  the  open  i*  over.  Moreover,  contrary  to  the  system  in  hngtand,  Italy  and 

. . .  wre.  -  lb.  Iran,  for  lug  - »«  »  .re  reurarad.  The  reran  tbi.  U  ...  .udie.ee  wbb  I . .  .pe.d  . . .  «»  Jrera, 

Prance,  Iadica  aro  allowed  iu  t  ic  l’"r,l"<  a  -  j  The  attention  therefore  is  remarkable  and  no  applause  is  heard  until  uu  act  i»  finished.  Sonic  other  rule* 

but  rather  has  assembled  for  tic  enjoy  men  "  P  should  you  take  a  cab  to  the  theatre  outlined  iu  this  view,  the  driver  would  halt  somewhere  near  the  statue  of 

■>.,w.ra  t  n  l  n  r.  in  dramatic  performance*  lure  are  also  excellent.  »u"»-  .  \  .  .....  ■  ...  . . ,  . . .  . . .  „i...„ 


COMEDY  THKATIIE.  SCHILLER  PLATE.  BEm.Ui.-Thc  Ibnurara  »re  lb.  inon  reuribl^preiib  i. 
educational  benefit  to  be  derived  from  good  music  s 
.elected  place,  of  amusement.  The  best  theatres  are  financially  a 

i  Berlin,  the  hour  for  beginning  is  often  half-past  six  or  seven,  i 
...  .  .  ..  ...  b*,.  and  bonnets  i 

t- _  r-  The  8t,irn,'0U  therefore  j 

“reraib.'bS'Sg,  Jd  total*  bi.'f.re.  .o  lb.,,  wb.-u  to  lb.  cre.d  .bou,  lire  ralm.re,  Ih.re  .hull  Ire  »«  d.to,. 


Schiller.  ( 


i:o 


■■'.  d”;;r  r;:,',:',,:';;  sra.*s  t  rr:  ^ m-  -a .« >■- •*  *-  -  *  — •  -  — -  *-• 

sr— r*.  vir,“,ri  “  ■ 


IV  hi*  Inurcl*  at  her  ft  el ! 


HK.Vrll  OK  SOHKVKNINGBN,  HOLLAND  — Only  n  few  mile*  distant  from  ilic  Hague  i*  thi»mo*t  fiuliionnble  of  Holland  watering-place*.  Ib-tween  the  city  nml  llii%  bench  honr-nn 
nnd  omnibuses  uri-  in  constant  motion.  On  warm  summer  day*  the  rntirc  populntion  of  the  capital  seem*  to  hnvn  a  tcmblud  on  these  «nnd*.  Then-  t»,  however.  i>  very  different  kind  life 
led  on  this  beach  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year.  The  pleasure-scckera  depart  with  the  flrat  cold  autumnal  storm,  but  the  lJUnint  lldiing  people  of  Schcveningvn  remain,  permanent 
fcnt'ireii  of  the  landscape.  Living  within  three  miles  of  the  capital,  nnd  ovary  •utnmer  invaded  by  the  crowds  of  fashion,  they  nevertheless  preserve  unchanged  the  primitive  habit*  and 
■Ires*  of  their  forefather*.  Tboir  costumes  urn  exceedingly  odd  nnd  amusing  Their  face*  appear  old  and  anxious.  Nor  i»  this  stmnge.  For  what  »  toilsome,  cli  eerie**  life  they  lend 
during  a  greater  part  of  the  yenr,  when  only  the  old  men,  women  nnd  children  lire  left  to  watch  nnd  wait,  and  keep  the  hearth-stone  bright,  while  all  the  stalwart  men  of  the  village  an-  at 
sea!  Hut  when  the  fleet  come*  back,  then  i*  their  joy  indeed,  nnd  grvnt  excitement  attend*  the  landing  nnd  public  sale  of  fl*h  upon  the  shore.  As  one  walks  upon  this  bench,  watching  its 
angry  waves,  nnd  realizing  that  largo  portions  of  Holland  are  below  the  ocean  level,  he  think*  with  admiration  of  the  courage  nnd  eternal  vigilance  of  thi*  sturdy  nation,  which  holds  this 
sen  at  bay,  and  whose  very  existence  i*  a  splendid  proof  of  man's  superiority  over  Nature 

ISO 


DUTCH  WINDMILLS,  HOLLAND.— Two  ohancteriatic-  femur.,  of  Holland  constantly  preacnt  tl.em.elvi*  canal*  and  windmills.  The  latter  really  item  innumerable  The  country 
..fie.,  appear*  to  he  ..live  with  these  revolving  monitor.,  which,  when  in  motion,  look  like  giant*  turning  l.and-.prh.g*  on  the  horizon.  and  when  at  rest  resemble  light  hou*c  aborotho 
..  .  But  ••  rest  with  them  il  n.rc!  They  ure  employed  for  nliuo.t  every  kind  of  manufacture.  They  grind  com.  they  aaw  wood,  they  cut  tobacco  into  .null,  they  pulverize  rock,  and 
(n.o.t  important  of  all)  they  pump  out  from  the  nmr.hes  into  the  rannU  the  water  which  would  otherwise  auhmcrgc  the  entire  land.  The  largest  one*  will,  it  i.  claimed,  in  f;,,r  „im| 
lift  10,000  gallon*  of  water  per  minute  to  the  height  of  four  feet!  One  cam  but  admire  the  vriidom  of  the  penevering  Hollander.,  who  have  tliui  yoked  the  inomi.tanl  mud  and  forced  it 

wugli  but  whole  tome  word*  of  Baicnon,  when  he  «y«:  ••  Borrow  the  strength  of 
i  citin.utcd,  not  lay  hi*  iKind.  or  tnorgngca,  hut  by  hia 


not  alone  to  work  for  them,  but  al»o  to  contend  with  their  great  enemy,  Water!  It  i*  it  realization  of  the  n 
the  elements.  Hitch  your  wagon  to  a  star,  and  »ce  the  chore*  .lone  by  the  god.  thein.olve*  "  A  Hollander'*  wealth  i 
windmill*.  "  IIow  rich  i*  »uoh  n  man? "  you  may  iwk  "Oh.  he  t*  worth  ten  or  twelve  windmill.."  i*  the  reply ' 


101 


I 


I,  Ut  till' 


i  of  two  river*,  one  of  which  give.  to  the  town  lu  name,  For 
s  is  indeed  n  clew  by  which  to  comprehend  all  similar  Dutch 
U  Schiedam,  Znni.dam,  E.lam,  Durgrrdatn,  Voleudam  and  all  the  other  dam#-  Hut  since  every  public  square 


ROTTERDAM  HOLLAND.  This  fnmoua  center  of  Dutch  commerce  lies  fourteen  mile,  from  the  Xoi 
thi.  stream  is  called  the  Hotter,  and  a  great  dike  or  dam  erected  here  bestows  ujmt.  the  place  the  title  of  Rotter-dor 
mimes  Thus  Amsterdam  signifies  the  dam  upon  the  Amslol ,  and  so  it  is  with  Schiedam.  Z 

Holland  is  also  called  a  Dam  and  ..m  e  the  ho, ..  -car  signs  ..re  always  telling  ...  of  this  . . .  that  Dam .  and  ..nee  in  the  Construction  of  their  d.kc.  the  Dutch  have  constantly  to  ...e 

the  cofferdam  if  any  country  ...  the  world  may  be  said  without  profon.ty  to  he  effectually  ••  dammed."  Holland  i.  the  one  In  Rotterdam  one  always  see*  ..  multitude  of  bridge,  t  nan 
almost  any  .mint  vt.U  ran  count  eight  or  ten  and  since  most  of  them  are  draw- bridge*,  they  keep  riling  and  falling  like  part*  of  an  immense  machine.  Some  of  the  boats  whic  h  «e  m-c  ..l 
the  canals  of  Rotterdam  arc  actually  employed  in  bringing  water  to  the  city!  Thi.  seem,  like  taking  coal,  to  Newcastle,  but.  not  wit  Intending  it.  aqueous  surroundings,  Rotterdam,  like 
most  of  Holland  cities,  lias  no  abundance  of  good  ilnnting  water.  Perhaps  it  i»  not  strange  therefore  that  not  far  away  i> 

Holland  gin.  which  i»  familiarly  known  ns  ••  Schnapps  '*  m 


n  thriving  town  whose  800  distilleries  produce  the  world -r 


THE  qi'AYS  OF  ANTWKIU’,  BELGIUM  -The  name  Antwerp  i»  «nid  to  bo  derived  from  the  Flcmi.li  word*  meaning  On  the  Wharf;’ 
prosperity  can  lie  lie.t  estimated.  It  i*  u  place  of  wonderful  activity,  and  thee  its  splendid  quay*— built  by  Napoleon  I  when  Antwerp  for. 
„ow  with  .hip.  and  .learner*.  Yet  bu.y  a.  it  i»  to-day.  it  give*  u»  but  a  hint  of  what  it.  commerce  wa.  300  year,  ago!  Then  thousand.  of 
were  arriving  and  departing  every  day.  Merchant*  came  hither  from  all  part,  of  Europe,  and.  in  addition  to  her  own  commercial  lioum. 
friendly  rivalry  Antwerp,  however,  ha.  hud  m  eh  to  contend  with  .inc«  that  lime  Again  and  again  this  region  Iuu  been  the  ' 
prosperity  declined.  Out  now  she  ia  rapidly  recovering  from  her  dioa.tcr*.  Give  her  but  half  a  century  more  of  p 
and  she  will  take  long  stride*  to  re  a.sumc  the  place  which  .he 


md  that  indeed  is  the  plncc  where  Antwerp'* 
•d  a  part  of  hi.  colossal  empire — arc  crowded 
•»«el.  limited  ill  the  river,  and  m<ire  than  300 
.ore  than  1.000  foreign  firm,  contended  here  in 
k  -  pit  of  Europe,"  ami  for  yean.  Antwerp',  wealth  and 
under  n»  good  a  government  a*  that  of  her  liberal  King  Leopold, 
nreupied.  that  of  the  lending  maritime  city  of  the  world. 


193 


Till  BOl'KSE.  HHl'SSKES.  Everyone  knows  tlmt  Uiuuels  l»  called  n  •  miuiatuio  ParU/’but  few  cau  rvallic  how  rrmarknblc  Ilia  likeness  i>  uiuil  they  n  X..  actual  fa< 
C1,UI„.  exj,t  in  edillcc*  or  in  streets;  but  in  the  llmt  place  the  same  language  i.  employed  in  Paris  ns  in  Brussel.;  the  -urn-  signs  K«-et  u*  everywhere  .  the  color  ..f  the  building.  i 
Ill-lit  hue  which  makes the  French  mdropolis  io charming;  while  even  the  sbopo,  cafe#  and  covered  gnllrric*  in  Brusacls  "requite  Parisian  in  appearance  I  he  elegant  .irmtur.  ill 
tl".»  illimtnit  ion  will  at  least  call  to  mind  the  Ports  Opera  House.  It  la.  however,  merely  the  Bourne.  Hut  whnt  a  mogniBcent  building  for  a  Stock  Kxchai.gr-  let  it  i 
rit  v  BriiMi'l*  i»  wealthy.  Belgium  i»  progressive.  It  can  not  lioiwt  of  nn  extensive  territory,  but  it  resolve,  to  make  the  little  which  it  |«*‘*<  *  not  only  proipe 

fun  on  tonic  accounts,  is  not  a  .mall,  well-governed  European  monarchy  like  thi.  much  better  off,  tut  the  world  goes,  than  one  whic  h  muil  maintain  « 
continually  fearing  war  I  So  it  would  seemat  least  with  Belgium,  whose  policy  appear*  to  be:  “  I.ct  other*  shake  the  tree.  I  will  pick  up  the  In 
completed  in  1M?4  at  a  cost  of  *3,000,000.  But  ils  expense  will  surprise  no  one  who  examine*  It* elegant  sculpture*,  columns 
within  than  on  its  exterior.  ^ 


nd  statue 


which  a 


the  tame 
met u it  displayed  in 
ihantctcrislie  of  the 
v  but  beautiful  In 
ending  army  aud  is 
Tlii-  lieautifill  Exchange  was 
e  conspicuous  and  imposing 


THE  ROYAL  PALACE.  BRUSSELS,  BKLtilUM  —  Close  by  the  pretty  park  of  Brussels  stand*  thin  residence  of  Belgium'*  royal  family.  Il»  exterior  is  not  very  handsome  but  it  i* 
furnished  with  great  elegance.  Leopold  II  i*  much  respected  nod  beloved  by  his  subject*.  He  it>  un  intelligent,  refined  and  accomplished  gentleman  and  n  wise  sovereign  It  would  be 
difficult  to  find  in  Europe  n  nntiou  belter  governed,  a  constitution  more  implicitly  obeyed,  a  King  more  liberal  aud  progressive,  und  a  people  happier  and  more  prosperous  than  in  Belgium 
One  might  select  worse  plnccs  for  n  European  residence  than  this  bright  cnpitnl  of  the  Belgians.  Why  English  and  Americans  who  wish  to  live  abroad.  «.  onetime*  t«<  study  French,  should  almost 
always  go  to  Paris,  where  the  great  foreign  colony  and  the  incessant  whirl  of  gaity  make  study  almost  an  impossibility,  is  not  quite  easy  to  explain.  The  French  of  Brussel*  is  remarkable 
for  its  purity,  aud  certainly  the  life  there  is  much  more  agreeable  than  in  the  smaller  town*  of  France,  like  Tours,  Bordeaux  and  Orleans  so  much  frequented  by  American  and  English 
families.  The  expense  of  living  here  is  also  moderate,  und  the  Belgians  themselves  nre  an  extremely  courteous  and  attractive  people. 

I  OH 


BOULEVARD  AXSPAOH,  BRUSSELS.  BELGIUM. — Brussels  in  a  bright,  cheerful  city,  u»  Belgium,  of  which  it  is  the  capital,  is  n  pretty,  richly  cultivated  and  interesting  land.  Of  all 
the  countries  of  Europe,  none  equal  Belgium  in  the  avornge  of  population  to  the  area,  thero  boing  about  four  hundred  here  to  the  square  mile.  So  thickly  covered  i»  it  with  citica  and 
Tillages  that  Phillip  II  said  of  it  that  it  was  only  one  large  town  Each  of  its  cities  has  some  intonating  feature*,  historic  souvrninor  works  of  art.  but  Bru-sel*  naturally  surpasses  them 
all  Some  of  it*  streets,  like  this  displayed  in  the  illustration,  ore  thoroughly  modorn  and  Parisian  in  their  appearanco;  but  thero  are  othsrs  lined  with  quaint  sud  picturesque  media  vsl 
buildings,  reminding  ...  of  former  scenes’  of  gaily  and  splendor,  tragedy  and  woe.  At  one  turn  we  may  see  some  stately  structure  of  the  present.  I.ke  the  Bourse  or  Pal, we  of  Justice,  and  at 
the  next  behold  the  Rotcl  dc  Ville,  within  which  was  being  celebrated  the  ball  on  the  eve  of  tlic  battle  of  Waterloo,  immortalised  by  Byron  in  Cbihle  Harold.  Waterloo  t*  in  fact  only  ten 

mile*  from  Brussels,  and  tho  tourist  who  strolls  idly  along  this  linndsomo  boulevard  enu,  if  he  will,  go  thenco  in  an  hour  to  that  fatal  Held  where  the  Man  of  Destiny  received  hi*  death¬ 
blow  and  from  which  he  began  the  mournful  path  to  St.  Helena.  A«  an  Illustration  of  the  way  in  which  the  modern  and  the  ancient  mingle  here  in  Brussels,  it  may  he  remembered  that 
now  in  its  most  fashionable  square  rise*  the  statue  of  the  old  hero.  Godfrey  dc  Bouillion,  to  commemorate  the  place  where  hr  summoned  the  populace  to  join  him  In  the  grand  Crusade  to 
recover  the  Holy  Sepulchre. 


LUCERNE,  8W1TZERI  IND.— One  of  the  be*t  known  gateway*  into  Bwiticrland  i»  Lucerne,  which  greet*  u»  over  with  a  smile,  peacefully  noting  by  its  lovely  lake  How  many  tmvclers 
will  testify  to  the  clrnrin  nn<l  beauty  of  this  pluce,  where  one  stands  full  of  expectation,  on  the  threshold  of  the  land  of  mountains.  It  is  a  curious  old  town,  its  pretty  river  is  crossed  by 
ancient  bridges,  adorned  with  quaint  old  paintings,  uud  guarded  still  by  tneditcvnl  towers,  which  seem  n  trifle  out  of  place  within  a  laud  whose  natural  ramparts  have  been  reared  by  tho 
Almighty,  and  rise  to  such  immensity  that  m-in‘j  poor  battlements  look  in  comparison  like  children's  toys.  One  of  these  sentinels,  which  almost  casts  its  shadow  on  the  town  itself,  is  Ml. 
Pilate,  7,000  feet  in  height,  harsh,  cold  and  uninviting  in  appearance,  yd  in  reality  containing  thirty  "Alps"  or  mountain  meadows,  upon  which  graac  four  or  five  thousand  head  of  sheep 
and  cattle.  Upon  this  mountain  Pontius  Pilate  i»  said  to  have  committed  suicide  in  his  remorse  for  his  condemnation  of  Jesus.  But  Mt.  Pilato  has  n  dangerous  rival  here;  for  on  the  other 
side  of  the  old  town  i»  that  most  fashionable  Alpine  peak,  the  U ujhi.  Both  of  them  now  are  easy  to  ascend,  for  enterprise  has  girded  their  steep  sides  with  iron  nuls,  drawn  paths  of  steel 
through  their  black-bearded  forests,  and  finally  has  placed  upon  their  crests  a  number  of  hotels.  Moreover,  in  front  of  Lucerne  is  its  enchanting  lake,  twenty-two  miles  in  length,  along 
which  steamer*  glide  continuously,  their  shaded  decks  containing  hundred*  of  delighted  tourists. 

203 


GENEVA,  SWITZERLAND —The  moat  beautiful  anal  most  populous  of  Swiss  cities  is  Geneva.  Its  situation  is  delightful.  Lying  at  the  southern  end  of  its  incomparably  colored  lake 
fifty-live  miles  in  length,  it  commands  also  a  charming  view  of  the  snow-clad  chain  of  Mt.  Blanc,  and  i»  within  u  few  hours’  drive  of  L'homounix  The  old  |w»n  of  the  town,  though  clean, 
is  not  especially  attractive;  hut  all  the  now  portion  of  the  city  bordoring  the  lake  is  euchanting.  Handsome  bridge*  cross  from  one  shore  to  the  other  above  the  arrowy  waters  of  lh<  river 
Rhone,  which  here  emerges  from  Lnkc  Geneva  with  crystalline  clearness.  In  the  center  of  the  stream,  and  reached  by  one  of  these  bridges,  is  the  sharply  pointed  "Island  of  Rousseau, " 
containing  a  bronze  statue  of  that  famous  novelist  and  philosopher,  who  has  made  the  region  of  this  lake  so  well  known  in  his  romance  of  the  "  Nouvello  Heloiec.”  The  quays  of  Geneva  sre 
ornamented  with  stately  hotels  and  elegant  jewelry  shops,  which  make  of  this  part  of  the  town  a  miniature  edition  of  a  Purisinn  boulevard.  The  excursions  which  con  be  made  from 
Geneva  to  Yevuy.  Montrcux,  the  castle  of  Chillon,  Lausanne  (the  home  of  Gibbon),  and  Forney  (the  abode  of  Voltaire),  all  close  beside  the  lake,  render  this  city  a  charming  plnco  of  sojourn. 
The  historic  souvenirs  of  Geneva  arc  also  full  of  interest.  Its  prominent  position  at  the  lime  of  the  Reformation  is  of  course  well  known.  Geneva  was  the  home  of  Calvin  himself.  In  or 
near  it  nlsobnvo  lived  many  illustrious  literary  geniuses  UkoOibbon  and  Madame  de  Stool,  to  whom  tho  world  is  forever  indebted 

SOS 


TIH'N  \NI>  THE  BERNESE  ALPS,  SWITZERLAND —In  the  heart  of  Switscrland  are  two  lovely  liodie*  of  wutcr.  Luke  Thun  and  Lake  Hricnrc  Between  the*c  lake*  a*  it*  mine 
denote*  *i»  Inttrlakm,  one  of  the  most  delightful  place*  of  sojourn  in  the  whole  circuit  of  tin  Alp*.  Which  of  the  lake*  which  lie  to  either  aide  of  it  i*  the  more  beautiful  i*  hart!  to  «ay 
Tin-  one  presented  here  i*  possibly  the  more  attractive,  At  nil  event,  the  steamboat  journey  of  teu  mile*  over  its  deep  blue  surface  afford*  n  »crir»  of  one  hunting  views,  and  finally  bring* 

one  to  this  picturesque  town  of  Thun  it. elf,  silunted  just  where  the  River  A.tr  emerges  from  the  lake,  and  for  a  moment  slacken*  her.  it*  pa. a*  if  reluctant  to  depart ;  . . *  perhaps 

that  now  it  I*  about  to  leave  the  Alpine  region  of  its  birth,  and  turning  toward*  the  level  countrie.  and  the  »ea,  heroine  apprenticed  t«  the  /Mmr.  and  with  that  mightier  master  lead  a  life  ..f 
labor  and  rare  All  the  great  world  of  travel  paue*  through  Thun  nnd  over  it*  mountain  bordered  lake  to  Interlaken  almo.t  of  iiccea.it  y.  No  other  spot  in  Switscrland  U  quite  rent  ml 
for  excursion.;  none  i«  more  easy  of  approach.  From  00.000  to  SO.OOO  people  come  to  this  region  every  summer.  The  glorious  Berne*c  Alp.  are  jusl  beyond,  conspicuous  among  which  U  the 
queenly  Jungfrau,  which  form*  a  dueling  object  of  attraction,  a  radiant  oenter-pleoe  of  ice  and  snow  nearly  14.000  feet  in  height 

207 


T„F  MFB  DE  GI.AC’K.  S\VIT/.Km..\M>.-0»,  or  the  most  renowned  of  Ml  the  Alpine  glacier.  i.  the  Mer  de  Ghee  At  •  du.nnee  .hr  viu.u. 

Still  we  ni n  ,c,  . .  .M,.  mil.- .  . . -  mile,  of  pulverized  rnek.  grown, 1  off  from  the  adjacent  cliff.  Among  them.  Mo.  ,,,  Middc. 

u  rn  ,  like  uwt-diclU.  .he  rock)  .Mm.  of  age.  Between  . . .  -r.cU  of  earth  end  .tone  i.  an  area  comparative  ,  »h„o  and  pure,  and  fa.  ...  nu, 

Lk.  ...  if  the  billow,  of  the  Sea  had  suddenly  been  twrrml  to  ice.  the  mated  wave,  having  Men  in.tantaneou.ly  frozen  while  ,n  thc.r 
gigantic  shape.  For  a.  the  glacier  pushes  downward  toward,  the  TaHcy.jho  « 


[lost  act  of  towing. 

•hstruetion.  which  it  meet,  distort  it  into  monstrous  forms.  Some 
without  the  aid  of  ropes  and  ladders.  There  is  here  «  strange 


larger  than  any  enthedrol  man  hiu  ever  rear,  d^wd  among  them  itj.  ‘  wa,M  c]0„.  to  the  and  hayfleld.  of  the  mrnilow  and 


Life  aud  Death.  This  frozen  mam  steal,  down  bet w.en  the  p 

dowers,  while  perchance  only  a  hundred  yard,  away  hi.  neighbor  by  a  carelew  step 


y  be  perishing  in  a  deep  ei 


■  *  Sea  of  Ice"  i»  imt  iwriiully 
r  thirty  feet  n]uhic.  nun  lows! 
ca  of  Ice."  would  indicate)  this 
At  times  these  wave*  assume 
of  these  gliltering  wuvr%  are 
contrast  1  let  worn  the  forces  of 
u  swing  a  scythe  sod  gather 


MT.  ULAN't  ,  8 W ITZEHLA N D. — No  vinit  to  Switzerland  i»  complete  without  «  iri|i  to  Chnmnunix,  that  little  village  above  which  rm  •  tin  sovereign  "I  « I**  uitm  Aip*.  no  i  -i  .11  ..twin 
whoxe  blow  at  suorise  rests  a  crown  of  gold,  viz  Mt.  Diane.  It  i*  railed  thu*  the  if  MU  mountain,"  par  excellence,  from  the  glittering  mantle  of  eternal  aim  in  which  it  stand* 
enveloped  to  the  height  of  15.781  feet.  It  i«  till*  peak  more  than  am  other  of  the  Alp*  which  ha*  enchanted  u*  from  childhood,  and  even  bafore  our  eve*  have  re* led  upou  it  we  have 
,unf,:  •  Mt.  Blanc  i*  the  monarch  of  mountain*.  They  crowned  him  long  ago,  On  a  throne  of  rock*,  in  a  robe  of  cloud*.  With  a  diadem  of  *now!"  Ever  aince  1781,  when  the  guide  lUlmnt 
(after  incredible  diffleiilty)  gained  the  summit,  thousand*  have  U  .  n  ambitious  of  following  in  hi*  footsteps.  Yet  in  the  yean  which  have  elapsed  since  it*  conquest.  only  about  11100 
foreigner*  have  renchod  it*  crest.  And  the«e  have  lieen  the  fortunnte  one*;  while  those  who  failed,  or  have  been  frozen,  injured  or  killed  outright,  have  far  exceeded  them  m  miinU  r 
Yet,  notwithstanding  a  long  catalogue  of  dlsaston.  we  need  not  ba  apprehensive  here.  For  the  science  of  the  ii*cent  hns  now  hem  reduced  to  u  -ystem  ,  and  » ith  fair  weather,  good  guide* 
and  suitable  precautions,  there  is  no  Tory  serious  danger.  Moreover,  the  guide*  of  Chamounix  arc  far  t««.  much  alive  to  the  profit*  of  their  busbies*  to  bring  discredit  on  either  the 
mountain  or  them*elves  byincuiring  undue  ri*k*_ 


sr  OOTTHAHU  CASS  AND  BRWGK,  SWITZERLAND  -The  king  of  Alpine  route.  from  SwiUcrlnud  !<•  Italy  i*  the  St.  Uollhurd.  It  i»  unpoMitile  to  .peak  too  highly  of  tin.  noble 

roncl  Scaling  the  loftic.t  cliff.,  .punning  the  wihlost  torrents,  nud  winding  through  the  dccpc.t  gorges,  it  »ccm.  like  o  gignnlii  chain.  which  mnn.  the  Victor,  has  inipced  upon  the 

vanquished  Alp-,  the  llrst  end  guarded  by  the  Lion  of  Lucerne,  the  last  sunk  deep  in  the  Itnlinn  hike*,  but  nil  the  intervening  link*  kept  gilded  brightly  by  the  hand  of  trade!  It  i»  a 
■plendid  Instance  of  the  wny  in  which  these  imnds  are  umde  to  thwart  nt  every  turn  the  sudden  fury  of  the  nvulnnche  or  mountain  torrent  For  where  experience  prove*  n  place  to  be 
unusutillv  ex  posed,  n  solid  roof  extend,  to  break  the  tall  of  rock,  and  ice.  Still,  in  these  days  of  steam  and  telegraph,  even  this  mode  of  travel  in  the  Alps  appears  too  .low  for  those  who 
journey  here  for  business  purpose*,  and  one  of  the  mo.t  important  works  of  thi.  or  any  age  is  the  tunnel  of  St.  Oolthnrd.  This  perforate,  yonder  chain  of  mountain,  for  a  distance  of  nine 
and  one  half  miles,  yet  ia  sufficiently  wide  for  two  railway  trains  to  run  abreast  What  Inlmr  mu.t  have  been  expended  here  by  myriad,  f  men.  who  most  of  the  time  were  thousands 
of  feet  beneath  the  mountain.,  yet  who  at  ln»t.  hy  the  perfection  of  engineering  skill,  met  and  .hook  hand,  through  the  narrow  aperture  which  they  had  pierced  troin  the  opposite  .idea  of 
SwitfCrlund  and  Italy! 


MAXIMILIAN  PLATZ.  VI IIN  N  A  Thi*  handsome  *.pmrr  i*  only  one  of  the  muoy  feu  lure*  of  Vieiiuu  which  remind*  u>  of  I’nris.  No  other  European  capital*  are  ...  alike  in  architecture, 
diameter  nntl  customs.  Both  lire  pre-eminently  beautiful  and  brilliant,  and  both  have  point*  in  history  which  jkisscs*  a  strong  resemblance  Both,  for  example,  wen-  originally  Homan 
•ettlement*  In each  a  Ctaur  boa  resided  The  Kuiperor  Julian  living  in  the  one.  Marcus  Aurelius  dying  in  the  other.  In  modem  timoa  the  rao»t  ill-fated  of  French  Qutena  wo*  the 
unhappy  daughter  of  Marin  Thereon,  Marie  Antoinette;  while  from  Vienna  also  cornea  Napoleon’*  second  wife,  whose  ton.  horn  heir  to  an  inheritance  on  which  the  boldest  garni  with  bated 
breath,  died  in  obscurity  w  ithin  the  palace  of  an  Austrian  Kuiperor  On  one  side  of  this  squaro  we  ace  the  exquisitely  sculptured  spire*  of  a  Gothic  church.  •  reeled  to  commemorate  the 
present  Emperor’s  escape  from  lusuuirialinii.  For,  notwithstanding  his  great  popularity,  u  miscreant  was  found  Mine  year*  ago  desirous  of  killing  him.  This  he  attempted  to  accomplish 
by  aiming  nt  hi*  throat  with  a  dagger ;  the  gilt  upon  the  Emperor’*  military  collar,  however,  turned  the  point  of  the  weapon,  and  hi*  life  was  saved.  As  for  the  .  Iiurvh,  it  is  SO  beautiful  a* 
t<i  make  one  almost  glad  thut  the  assassination  was  attempted!  There  I*  no  part  of  it  that  does  not  rail  for  admiration;  but  especially  dolioiti;  oud  graceful  ore  these  pointed  lower* 
embellished  with  a  multitude  of  statues  and  arising  to  the  lofty  height  of  345  feet  Through  that  open  fret-work  the  stars  are  visible  at  nignt.  os  through  the  interlacing  branches  of  the  tree* 

915 


'!»  from  the  Imperial  |mU<>.  la  I  lie  celebrated  V'olkagnrtcn,  or  People'*  Park,  o( 
r-bods,  shady  walk*  and  pretty  fountain*  are  thoroughly  bright  and  tasteful  in 

,„d  toco  a,o,t  cl.anturl.tic  »f  Vitae..  Tbltt,  toc”.iim.«cd.d  b, . ad.ol  tat, In,  i.  the  muaic  .laad,  Ib.t  nnri.bl.  tolun  ol  all  Viren™  pa.ka  Fa,  ia  »o  ci.j  la 

,1;  wori(i  roa  „„r  be  ,o  attaa  aad  .a  uaivanall,  tb.t  .tjla  of  aia.ia  which  .tin  the  pal.c  aad  make  cat  trot  gond-aularcd  w.lb  tbaerld.  Her 
lie *0011  well-dressed  riviliaus,  handsome  officer*,  pretty  Viennese  Indies,  nil,  apparently,  without  a  »lunlo  of  c. 

longer  wonder  that  the  Viennese  cnthusiiulically  sing  of  tlieir  loved  capital  "  E»  gieht  n  v . 

the  "  Thesrum,’'  because  u .  J  ‘u 


VOLKSQARTEN  AND  THESEI  M.  VIENNA.— Closely  adjoining  the  Viennese  boulevards  and  not  fur 
the  city.  Vienna  is  famous  for  its  popular  pleasuro  resorts,  and  this  isooc  of  the  mo*t  attractive.  " 

r  afternoons  and  evenings  may 
is  one  of  Southern  merriment  and  vivacity,  and  wo  uo 
•erstudt.  E»  gieht  nurein  Wien!"  The  little  marble  structure  in  this  park  is  called 
e  until  qoite^ccntiyTt^contaiocd  the  noble  gwup  in  ninrble  by  the  sculptor  Canova,  representing  the  conflict  between  Theseus  and  the  Centaur.  But  this  has  now 


Dctfi  removed  to  the  new  Imperial  Mu* 


31? 


HOl'SES  OF  PAII1.IAMEXT,  VIENNA.— The  visitor  to  Viriiua  twonty-llvo  yean  ago  would  hardly  recognise  the  city  now.  It  lnu  been  wonderfully  cmix-Uuhed  ami  improved  by  the 
completion  of  the  "  limn  Stnusen,"  namely,  a  series  of  Uoulevnrds  two  miles  in  length  enclosing  old  Vienna  like  a  ring  or  belt.  The  original  city  of  the  Hnpdmrgt  no*  formerly  surrounded 
by  a  moat  and  fortified  wall;  but  gradually  the  expansive  force  within  the  town  overleaped  those  barriers,  and  Anally,  in  1858.  those  rampart*  were  blown  up  and  leveled;  the  meat  su 
tilled;  anil  on  the  curving  terrace  thus  created  this  line  of  boulevard*  was  made,  dividing  old  and  new  Vienna,  and  thus  resembling  a  girdle  of  surpassing  beauty.  Moreover,  the  traveler 
now  beholds  with  admiration  and  astonishment  (Uka  precious  jewel*  in  this  splendid  girdle),  a  constant  series  of  imposing  structures,  all  of  them  handsome,  most  of  them  majestic  and 
rauking  certainly  among  the  lined  edifices  in  the  world.  Among  them  are  these  New  Houses  of  Parliament,  recently  completed  at  a  cod  of  several  millions.  Their  general  plan  is  not  unlike 
thut  of  the  American  legislative  halls  at  Washington.  The  Semite  House  is  on  the  right ;  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  upon  the  left ;  each  one  an  independent  building,  richly  adorned  with 
marble  statues,  and  beautiful  reliefs,  and  on  tho  various  corners  with  colossal  chariot*  of  Victory  in  bronie. 

DIB 


I10F-BI  K0  THEATRE,  VIENNA.—  Everyone  bin  heard  of  the  magnificent  Opera  House  of  VionDa,  which  for  year*  has  had  the  reputation  of  being,  all  thingsconsidcrcd,  the  World's 
host  Temple  of  Munic-  Hut  that  edifice  ha*  now  n  dangerous  rival  in  the  new  Imperial  Theatre,  represented  in  this  illustration.  It  is  another  of  th»»e  architectural  jewels  which  sparkle  in 
the  glittcriug  girdle  that  now  divide*  In  two  concentric  part*  the  Austrian  capital,  and  which  in  another  illustration  has  been  described  **  the  •'  Ring  Slnuaen,"  or  Circular  Boulevards. 
This  beautiful  structure  i*  the  favored  homo  of  the  Drama,  ax  the  Opera  House  is  the  abode  of  Music  in  Vienna,  anil  no  city  in  the  world  ran  boast  of  two  such  structure*  devoted  to  this 
purpose  I'nri*  alone  con  claim  a  richer  Opera  House,  but  even  Pari*  hns  no  theatre  comparable  to  this  which  rise*  thus  in  stately  grandeur  on  the  King  8traa»cn.  Everything  here  ia 
nmnngcd  with  perfect  order  and  good  taste.  Before  and  after  the  performance  polite  uniformed  official*  stand  on  the  step*  to  assist  the  inmate*  to  alight.  Once  past  the  marble  corridor,  one 
llnds  a  number  of  ticket  offices  to  obviate  all  crowding.  The  cloak  room*,  too,  are  large,  with  numerous  attendants  to  prevent  delay  ;  while  courteous  ushers  lead  the  wu)  into  n  most  richly 
decorated  auditorium.  This  theatre  is  of  course  subsidized  by  the  Government,  and  only  dramas  of  the  highest  order  nro  here  given,  while  the  style  in  which  they  are  produced  is  well 
worthy  of  the  magnificent  structure  itself. 


MUSEUMS  AND  STATUE  OK  MAIUA  THERESA,  VIENNA  -Just  off  the  handiomo  cunring  boulevard*  of  Vienna  celled  the  “Ring  8traaKo,"  me  two  imporing  structure*  almost  the 
exact  counterpart*  of  each  other  in  form,  decoration*  and  dimension*.  They  arc  the  New  Imperial  Mu.eum*  just  completed  at  u  cost  of  some  million*  of  dollar*.  One  i- 1.. contain  the  famous 
Belvedere  picture  gallery  and  other  ureal  collection*  seuttcrcd  through  tho  city;  while  it*  companion  edifice  will  be  devoted  to  ARCHAEOLOGY  ami  NATURAL  HISTORY  -forming 
together  thu*  one  of  the  finest  collection*  of  Art  and  Science  In  the  world,  Within  the  center  of  thi*  square,  between  these  New  Museums,  I*  uu  elabomte  monument  in  bronze  erected  recently 
t*.  the  memory  of  the  Empress  Maria  Theresa.  It  is  designed  to  commemorate  her  entire  reign.  Below  tho  statue  of  the  Empress  are  relief*  portraying  prominent  event* connected  with  her 
hiidory;  beneath  these  are  fine  statues  of  her  ablest  statesmen ;  while  on  the  corners  are  equestrian  figures  of  her  leading  general*.  Well  may  Austria  honor  thus  the  most  illustrious  sovereign 
that  ever  occupied  her  throne.  It  would  he  bnrd  to  find  in  history  n  woman  who  had  moro  imperial  qualities  and  sterliug  character  than  Maria  Theresa.  For  she  was  brave  n»  well  a* 
beautiful,  and  dauntless  ns  she  was  devout.  It  wus  for  her  that  her  chivalric  Hungarian  nobles  with  drawn  swords  exclaimed  as  with  one  voice,  •*  Lot  u»  die  forour  KING,  Maria  Theresa." 

828 


Till:  OKAHKN.  VIENNA  -One  of  the  oldest  and  most  interesting  streets  in  Vienna  i«  tlmt  which  we  may  now  in  inmKimition  enter,  called  the  r.ViW  It  derive*  it., ..me  from  the  fact 

that  this  wua  the  ancient  f/rii^  or  mout  surrounded  hy  the  fortified  wall,  which  rorowhcre  now  are  yonder  building*  containing  aotne  of  the  mo.t  luxuriou*  and  csp.n.ivo  retail  .hop.  in 

Vienna.  One  would  hardly  expect  to  find  within  thi»  busy  street  the  solitary  survivor  of  the  famous  Wiener  Wnld,  the  aneient  forest  Imrderinjt  the  Dniiidx  !  V,  t  m  .if  ,t  j.  „  mo,t 

extraordinary  looking  object,  protected  partly  by  the  wall  of  the  building,  and  partly  by  lame  hand,  of  iron.  It  i«  the  fnniou.  St, -l  „„  or  the  Iran  «/«•*.  It  i>  well  name- 1  for  its 

appearance  i.  precisely  thut  of  an  irou  club.  Investigation,  however,  prove*  it  to  be  u  iirnu  of  wood,  literally  covered  with  nulls  to  some  of  which  coin,  are  attached.  One  of  these  has  the 
dat*  of  1373.  Thla  ancient  tree  (which  apparently  could  not  eru-idde  now  if  it  should  try  to)  n„.  for  ...inr  muse,  now  unknown,  o.trcmcd  .  .p. ,  „dl>  red  .  and  ever,  one  who  drove  a 
nail  Into  iUprocloua  wood,  received  n  spiritual  shield  against  the  devil.  How  odd  it  .eeina  to.ee  this  *tmn«c  reminder  of  the  pad.  standing  thu.  grimly  In  the  vr.y  center  ,.f  the  city's  life! 
Just  a»  »ome  superstition.  like  n  dread  of  Friday  or  thirteen  at  a  table,  slid  exist*  amid  the  common  wine  and  science  of  the  nineteenth  eenturv. 

88$ 


ST  PKTKIt'S.  HOME  -The  approach  to  this  noblost  tempi**  of  Christianity  is  worthy  of  the  .brine  itself,  The  grandeur  of  the  intervening  .pure,  the  curving  colonnade*  on  either  .id.-,  the 
lofty  obdiik  in  the  c  enter,  the  sparkling  fountains  on  the  right  and  left,  and  finally  the  breadth  of  the  gigantic  ediflee  it-clf,  vnnnounted  by  the  glorious  dome  all  these  lea*.  Hn  impression 
on  the  mind  never  to  be  efTueed.  The  obelilk  perhaps  appear,  nt  first  a  iingulur  decoration  for  the  entrance  of  u  Christian  church,  hut  in  reality  it  ..  most  apuroprittc.  For  this  Brajcwtlo 
relic  of  old  Egypt  once  Mood  where  now  St.  Peter'*  Mnnila,  within  the  Circuaof  Nero,  a  place  of  Christian  martyrdom.  Whul  could  have  been  more  titling,  therefore,  than  that  thi»  ancient 
monolith,  after  beholding  so  many  .coneaof  aulToring.  when  it  gave  place  at  laat  to  thia  grand  temple  of  the  persecuted,  should  here  uphold  before  it-  door  the  crow  of  Christ,  whirl*  has 
replaced  (to  some  extent  at  leant)  throughout  the  world,  the  mighty  .word  of  anc  ient  Home  On  the  right  of  the  church  i«  the  mormon.  Papal  palac  e  of  the  Vatic  an,  whic  h  with  iu  galleries 
of  sculpture  and  painting  makes  of  this  purl  of  Home  n  place  of  pilgrimage  for  all  admirer*  of  the  most  wonderful  of  Christian  churches  aud  of  unrivaled  souvenir*  of  ancient  art. 

827 


Tlie  pavcm 


T1IE  VATICAN  LIBKAHY,  HOME  —The  world  owe*  muck  to  the  enlightened  and  art-loving  Pope*  who  have  made  the  \  atican  not  merely  the  alnalc  of  the  Pontiff  of  the  Catholic 
Church  hut  a  wonderful  treuMirer-house  of  art,  where  are  preaerved  many  of  the  grandest  »tntues  id  antiquity  and  *nmc  of  the  finest  paintingsof  tin  Hcnai**.n<.  Moreover,  its  library  t*one 
oi  the  mo.t  valuable  it.  the  world,  and  makes  upon  tkc  traveler'*  tnind  a  profound  imprmuiou.  The  Grand  Hall  i*  no  lew  than  two  hundred  md  forty  feet  in  length  and  fifty-two  in  breadth. 

,  of  marble  moame.  the  ceiling*  arc  resplendent  with  elaborate  frescoes,  and  everywhere  we  see  magniflccot  present*  given  by  royal  admirer*  to  various  Po|*«  Among  these 
i*  of  malachite,  gold  croaae*.  and  solid  silver  candelabra.  Hut  the»e  nre  merely  external  decorations  for  the  hidden  treasure*  of  this  library.  Here  are  about 
24  000  manuscript*  of  incat  unable  value, 'some  of  them  being  the  earliest  copies  which  we  have  of  the  Ooapcls.  Beside*  these  there  are  more  than  10,000  printed  books  The  manuscripts  and 
rarer  volumes  are  not  often  exposed  to  view,  but  are  contained  within  beautifully  decorated  eases.  Among  the  scholar*  of  the  world  who  have  often  consulted  the  -m hives  of  this  Vatican 
Library  i*  Pope  Leo  XIII,  whose  accomplishments  and  taste*  are  highly  literary  His  letter*  and  addresses  aro  framed  in  most  elegant  and  polished  Latin,  while  verses  which  he  write* 
from  time  to  time  in  Latin  or  Italinn  have  earned  for  him  the  title  of  a  poet. 

22l> 


»  of  porpliyrt 


SISTINE  CIIAPBL,  VATICAN.  HOME  —One  of  the  most  celebrated  nnd  important  apartments  in  the  Vatican  in  the  Sutiue  ('Impel,  called  thus  fr  m  Pope  Sixtus  IV,  who  caused  it  to  be 
built  in  14711.  It  is  u  lofty  hall  about  one  hundred  nnd  fifty  feet  in  length,  with  a  gallery  on  three  stiles  The  upper  part  of  its  wall*  is  ornamented  with  fresco,  paintrd  by  famous  artists 
of  the  fifteenth  century,  nnd  alao  w  ith  many  portraits  of  the  Popes,  twenty-eight  of  which  are  by  the  celebrated  Ilotticclli  Hut  that  which  give,  to  this  chapel  its  greatest  artistic  value  are  the 
works  of  Michael  Angelo  which  it  contains.  These  are  secu  first  upon  the  ceiling,  which  is  covered  with  his  magnificent  pictorial  representations  of  Old  Testament  scenes  such  as  the 
creation  of  Adam  nnd  Eve,  the  Expulsion  from  Paradise,  and  the  Deluge.  Here  are  also  portrayed  in  majestic  proportions  twelve  seated  figures  of  Prophets  and  Sibyls,  which  are  among 

the  most  remarkable  creations  that  Art  lias  ever  produced.  At  the  end  of  the  chapel,  opposite  the  entrance,  is  Michncl  Angelo's  mormons  . . if  the  Last  Judgment.  This  was  designed 

by  the  great  artist  when  sixty  year*  old,  and  was  completed  by  him  in  1341,  after  a  labor  of  nearly  eight  years.  Iti  order  to  show  him  his  appreciation  of  the  work,  the  Pope  himself  weut 
to  Michael  Angelo's  house,  accompanied  by  tm  cardinals;  which,  according  to  court  etiquette,  must  rank  as  a  greater  honor  than  that  olTi  red  to  Titian  by  Charles  V.  when  the  latter  picked 
up  the  artist's  pencil ;  although  the  hi:ai,  sovereign  in  both  cases  was  the  man  of  genius.  This  Sistiue  Chapel  is  used  for  important  Papal  ceremonies,  especially  during  Holy  Week. 

881 


KXTF.IUOU  OF  THE  COLOSSEUM,  ROME.— Anticipate  whot  you  will,  this  edifice  will  not  disapjioiut  you.  All  tilings  considered,  nothing  in  Hume  can  equal  it  in  grandeur.  It* 
wulla  ure  more  tlmn  300  feel  in  height.  It  is  *nid  to  have  been  built  by  00.000  captive  Jew*  ofter  the  conquest  of  Jerusalem  by  Titu*.  Clo*c  by  it  i*  n  mined  fountain  at  which  the 
gladiator*  washed  after  the  combat,  surrounded  no  doubt  by  n  gaping  crowd,  and  petteil  and  admired  by  effeminate  patricians,  who  with  tnrir  soft  white  hand*  pnttc  I  the  brawny  mu«clc« 
of  the  athlete*  and  offered  wager*  on  their  next  success.  The  corridor*  of  the  Colosseum  reveal  to  us  huge  blocks  of  *tone,  placed  there  apparently  by  the  hands  of  giant*  yet  fastened 
with  no  icninnt.  There  was  no  danger  here  of  pauic.  Arc  or  collnpsc.  In  fact,  woe  to  the  man  who  trilled  with  the  public  in  thou  day*!  One  architect,  Attitiu*  by  name,  did  try  it  once, 
and  made  a  flimsily  constructed  wooden  edifice,  which  fell,  occasioning  great  loss  of  life.  Tacitus  tells  of  the  catasirophr.  and  then  relate,  the  builder  s  punishment  in  three  short  words, 
winch  ought  to  be  inscribed  above  tbo  door  of  every  wretchedly  built  theatre  in  the  world;  they  arc  these :  "  Attitiu*  was  burned '  "  For  more  tlmn  400  year*  this  was  the  scene  of 
sanguinary  gladiatorial  combats,  and  frequently  of  Christian  martyrdom  The  arena  of  this  amphitheatre  ha<  therefore  long  been  looked  on  by  the  Cliriotiun  church  «»  consecrated  ground. 

38H 


INTERIOR  OF  TIIK  COLOSSEUM,  ROME.— This  I*  indeed  the  King  of  Ruin*.  Around  it  an  eighty  mighty  nrehea  loading  to  ii»  interior.  The  87.000  people  who  »«t  often  seated 
here  could  (lnd  abundant  menus  of  oulmace  uud  of  exit.  One  might  suppose  Ihnt  all  the  pictures  he  hud  seen  of  the  interior  of  the  Colosseum  would  lo.ive  uo  room  for  astonishment.  Hut 
neither  word  nor  photograph  quite  prepares  one  for  the  grand  reality.  These  rows  of  ruined  arches,  rising  in  u  gignntic  circle  towards  the  skv,  arc  overpowering  in  their  immensity.  The 
countless  doorways  seem  like  caverns  in  a  mountain  side,  from  which  wild  beasts  might  even  now  emerge.  Those  who  beheld  this  twenty  years  ago  would  hardly  recognize  the  interior  of 
the  Colosseum  as  it  now  appear*.  Around  the  side*  were  formerly  little  elinpels  dedicated  to  the  memory  of  Christian  Martyrs  who  had  here  found  death.  Herr  every  Friday  afternoon  a 
sermon  would  he  preached,  teaching  how  much  the  Christian  faith  once  cost,  yet  how  that  faith  has  lived  and  triumphed  over  Cmsarian  Rome.  Hut  now  the  greater  psrt  of  the  nrenn  has 
been  opened  to  the  light  One  see*  the  subterranean  cages  for  the  animals,  the  rnrridor*  through  which  they  rushed  to  the  arena,  and  the  apartments  where  the  gladiator*  waited  till  called 
to  duty,  probably  to  death.  Gigantic  as  it  is,  almost  as  much  of  the  Colosseum  seem*  to  have  disappeared  as  still  remains  In  the  fourteenth  century  it  was  looked  upon  u«  a  legitimate 
quarry  from  which  to  extract  building  material.  Four  thousand  workmen  wero  at  one  time  employed  in  tearing  down  its  walls,  and  some  of  the  largest  palaces  of  Rome  were  thus 
constructed. 


TUB  KOltl’M.  HOME.  Ii  ii  a  tlinlling  moment  when  one  looks  upon  this  M|Uare,  which  constituted  once  (hi-  center  of  civilization  uu>l  (hi-  hram  of  the  immense  Homan  world.  This 
wo*  the  poin(  from  which  the  ron<U  led  out  to  the  extremest  limit*  of  that  mighty  empire  subject  (o  (he  Cu-oirv  mid  in  this  very  area  stood  the  golden  milestone  from  which  such  distances 
were  measured.  It  i»  n  difficult  thing  for  one  (o  trace  with  accuracy  now  the  ancient  glories  of  this  Forum.  We  sec  at  various  point*  arches  and  columns,  pedestals  and  crumbling  walls; 
but  wind  is  left  is  nothing  to  what  once  existed  here.  Eight  stately  columns  tell  u*  of  the  Temple  of  Saturn,  erected  here  41)0  years  before  the  birth  of  Christ.  Three  others  rise  os  relics 
of  tin- Temple  of  Vespasian  The  Arch  of  Septimus  Severn*  also  is  still  well  preserved.  Upon  the  polished  surfaces  of  some  of  these  the  hands  of  Scipio  or  of  Cu-mr  may  have  rested  : 
Pillars  are  standing  here  which  may  linve  echoed  to  the  voice  of  Cicero!  The  memories  of  this  place  nro  therefore  such  as  render  it  a  spot  to  visit  and  revisit,  not  with  a  throng  of 
thoughtless  tourists,  Imi  meditatively,  with  some  congenial  friend  or  else  alone  One  often  smiles  to  see  this  Fomin  passed  by  with  a  hasty  glance  by  those  who  little  realise  that  here  the 
famous  Homan  law*  were  f ruined  while  savages  were  hunting  on  the  site  of  Paris,  und  Britain  was  an  almost  unknown  region  of  Barbarians. 

287 


THE  APP1AN  WAY,  ItOME.  -Southward  from  thr  Eternal  City  stretches  acro«  tlio  Itomnii  Cuuipngna . of  the  most  interesting  thorough  faro  in  the  world.  It  i*  the  Appian  Wuv. 

The  Roinana  were  marvelous  mud  builder*,  anti  thi*  great  military  highway  to  the  Smith  \vu*  uilmirulily  constructed  two  hundred  anti  twelve  year*  before  Christ.  It  i»  a  mo>t  impressive 
hour  mat  one  upends  in  driving  on  thta  Appian  Way.  Thu  desolate  Campngnn  was  onto  »o  thickly  covered  with  suburb*  and  village*  that  it  win  difficult  to  tell  where  Home  ended  and 
it*  environs  began.  Hut  now  benentn  this  utmost  uninhabited  plain  there  seems  toelcep  a  vanished  world.  Oil  either  side  for  mile*  we  see  the  ve*tigc»  of  ruined  tombs,  for  this  Via-Appiu 
win  the  fnsliioniihle  burial  place  of  ancient  Home.  The  Homans  were  not  fond  of  quiet  cemeteries.  They  preferred  that  their  bodies  should  he  Inid  away  near  some  great  artery  »t  human 
activity,  where  their  funeral  monuments  might  still  recall  them  to  their  passing  friends.  Some  of  these  tombs  were  very  largo;  some  were  undoubtedly  extremely  elegant.  The  historic 
souvenir*  of  thi*  ancient  highway  make  of  the  Appian  Way  one  of  the  most  suggestive  portions  .if  Italy.  Along  this  moil,  for  eiamplc.  and  (•etwren  many  of  I  hew  very  tombs  which  we 
behold  to  day  ■  unu-  the  mngnidcont  funeral  procession  of  the  Emperor  Augustus,  bringing  his  lifeless  body  back  t..  Home  for  burial.  By  this  route  also  was  conveyed  to  Home  the  b.  nutiful 
captive  Zcnobin,  Queen  Of  Palmyra:  and  from  this  Appian  Way  St.  Paul  first  saw  the  Etcruid  City  a*  he  came  to  preach  there  a  religion  which  was  to  supersede  the  faith  which  then 
prevailed,  and  ultimately  make  of  Home  the  central  city  of  Christianity.  ^ 


CASTLE  OF  BAN  ANOKLO  AND  TIBER.  HOMK.  One  of  the  moat  beautiful  and  impressive  view*  of  Rome  is  that  represented  Id  ihla  illustration.  embracing  the  Tiber,  the  Castle  of 

8an  Angelo.  and  in  the  distance  the  majestic  don . .  St.  I’etcr'v  For  amid  all  the  change*  that  have  awept  over  Rome,  ooc  thiug  at  least  remain*  comparatively  unchanged.  It  i*  tlii* 

yellow,  legcnd-lndcn  Tiber,  .till  rolling  on  with  towny  waves  beneath  its  urrhe.  toward  the  salting  suu,  and  guarding  deeply  in  its  breast  some  of  the  mightiest  memories  of  the  world. 
How  many  lives,  for  example,  it  hna  reinorselewl.v  engulfed  from  those  of  brave  defenders  of  the  city  to  counties*  victims  of  Imperial  or  Papal  tyranny  !  And,  oh!  what  treasure,  no  doubt 
lurk  within  it*  sniuls!  The  Castle  of  Ban  Angelo  is  not  the  name  which  seem,  appropriate  to  this  huge  circular  structure  which  ea*t*its  sombre  shadow  in  the  stream  beneath.  That  is  „  mi,, 
bestowed  upon  it  by  Pope  Gregory  the  Great;  but,  in  reality,  that  building  is  the  grand  Mausoleum  of  Ilmlrian,  erected  by  that  monarch  a*  bis  place  of  sepulture  1700  yean  ago  N„w  it 
is  bare  and  desolate,  but  once  its  curving  wall  wits  covered  with  pure  Parian  marble  ami  decorated  with  the  finest  Ore*  ian  statues  and  Corinthian  columns,  destined,  ulus!  to  lie  hurled  down 
upon  the  heads  of  an  invading  army  of  Barbarians,  who  nevertheless  were  ultimately  successful  and  threw  with  brutal  laughter  to  the  Tiber's  wave.*  the  ashes  of  Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus 
and  Hudriuu  himself. 

241 


T,»p  (• .  ui  poi  HOMF  -III  die  eery  heart  of  the  Eternal  City  is  a  majeatie  flight  of  »tepa  crowned  at  the  summit  by  oolouuil  *latuca  of  Old  Woman  Oods  found  in  the  hatha  of  Diocletian. 
I,  d*o»  n  the'steps  which  thee  have  now  replaced  that  Rim*!,  “hut  of  the  Roman  Tribune*."  fled  in  hi*  last  momenta,  to  fall  at  their  blue,  bleeding  from  twenty  wound.;  while  from  a 

“i  .  v  i„  t|l(.ir  iwlnce  burning  on  the  hill,  lii»  beautiful  young  wife  looked  down  and  uw  hi*  tragic  death.  In  the  »<iuaro  at  the  summit  of  thia  staircase  i.  the  place  where  Brutu. 

T  . ... ,i...  unwillintf  populace  after  the  murder  of  Casar  There  .lands  to  day  the  famoua  bronze  «iuc.trian  .tutue  of  the  Emperor  Marco*  Aureliu.,  the  only  perfe.  t  equestrian  figure 

Which  has  come  down  to  u»  of  all  that  once  adorned  Imperial  Home.  Hawthorne,  as  nil  will  recollect,  dearribca  thia  beautifully  in  hi.  romance  of  the  Marble  Knun."  That  atatue  (the 

'  f  Pmxitile*)  i.  one  of  the  treasure*  of  the  Art  Museum  of  the  Capitol,  which  rnntninaaUo  the  “  Dying  Oladintor,"  the  "Capitoline  Venn.,  and  many  other  celebrated  -tatm*  o. 

antinuity.  There  mo  are  ...any  bust*  nnd  atatue*  of  the  Roman  Emperor*  and  their  families;  and  perhaps  no  part  of  Rome  i.  better  adapted  to  contain  the  portrait-gallery  of  itsaoc.cnt 
mler*  than  thia  Capitoline  hill,  the  scene  of  many  of  its  earliest  glories  and  its  latest  crimes. 


••TUB  DYING  GAUL."  CAPITOL.  ROME.-Ooeof  the  best  known 
••Dying  Gladiator,"  but  probably  representing  »  dying  Gaul.  In  any 


I  see  bofnre  me  the  Uladiato 
lln  leans  upon  hi*  blind— hi.  manly  brow, 

Consent*  n.  death.  but  conquer,  ugonv, 

Ami  bis  droop'd  bead  .ink.  gradually  low  — 

And  through  hi*  side  the  last  drops,  ebbing  slow 
From  the  red  gash,  fall  heavy,  one  by  one. 

Like  the  limt  of  a  thundershower;  and  now 

The  Arena  swlius  around  him— lie  is  tone, 

Fre  ceased  the  inhuman  shout  which  hailed  the  wretch  who  wi 


llt  justly  admired  statues  which  have  come  down  to  us  from  antiquity  i»  this  pathetic  figure  popularly  called  the 
words  which  have  ever  been  written  in  regnrd  to  It  are  ao  appropriate  and  eloquent  as  the  Immortal  lines  of  Byron : 
••  Ur  heard  it,  but  he  heeded  not — hi»  «y«« 

Were  with  M*  heart,  and  that  was  far  away; 
lie  reck'd  not  of  the  life  he  lost  nor  prise, 

But  where  his  rude  hut  by  the  Danube  lay. 

There  were  his  young  burtmrian*  all  at  play. 

There  was  their  Durian  mother  hr.  their  tire. 

Butcher'd  to  make  u  Roman  holiday— 

All  this  rush'd  with  hl»  blood  Shull  he  expire  I 
And  unavenged  1  Arise !  ye  Goth*,  and  glut  your  ire !  ‘ 


845 


.■Oil)  p,\  THE  R  NILE,"  VATICAN.  ROME  — Item-nth  the  arches  of  the  Vatican  recline*  in  Oriental  cnlm  thi»  mighty  statue  »f  antiquity,  portraying  the  Egyptian  river-god.  It  was 
discus ert-il  uli, mt  800  yenrs  ago  buried  in  that  wondrous  soil  of  old  Rome,  within  which  no  doubt  lurk  cvcu  now  »o  many  other  masterpiece*  of  the  part.  The  work  is  full  of  truthful  and 
suggestive  symbol*  The  figure  leans  ngninet  a  Sphinx  just  as  the  river  in  reality  flow*  calmly  on  before  that  monster'*  steady  gate.  One  hand  maintains  n  cornucopia,  a  moat  appropriate 
emblem  of  t lie  fertility  caused  by  the  river's  annual  overflow.  Over  its  huge  limbs  aud  shoulder*  play  sixteen  pygmies  repPMenting  the  sixteen  cubits  of  the  yearly  rise  of  the  Nile.  One 
ol  these  figure*  stands  erect  in  the  cornucopia  with  folded  arm*.  n«  if  he  sytnkolixed  the  lust  or  sixteenth  cubit,  and  stood  lu  the  midst  of  agricultural  abundance  complacently  surveying  the 
result  It  i*  not  strange  that  the  ancients  deified  the  Nile,  for  without  the  alluvial  deposit  of  its  fruitful  overflow  the  whole  country  would  be  a  desert  Egypt  i»  really  the  gift  of  Old 
Father  Nile  .lust  n»  far  n»  it*  beneficent  water*  advance  iu  their  annual  uprising,  just  »o  far  extend*  fertility.  Beyond  that  line  is  the  pitiless  desert,  between  wlm-h  and  the  Nile  a 
ceaseless  conflict  lifts  waged  since  history  began.  Ordinarily  the  inundations  of  a  stream  occasion  calamity,  hut  those  of  the  mysterious  Nib  are  hailed  with  thanksgiving  and  iu  advancing 
wave*  lire  looked  upon  ns  prophesies  of  peace  and  plenty. 


247 


PANORAMA  OF  FLORENCE.  ITALY.— To  one  who  visit#  the  Old  World  with  n  keen  appreciation  of  its  Hi»tory,  Biography  nnd  Art,  perhaps  no  European  city  prove*  more  attractive 
tlmu  that  Which  greott  us  here. 'in  benny,  where-"  On  the  bright  enchanting  plain.  Fa.r  Ftarm*  'nenth  the  sunshine  lie..  And  towering  high  o'er  roof  end  fane.  Her  Dunmo  .oar,  into 
the  skies  1 "  What  u  priceless  debt  of  gratitude  we  owe  to  this  fair  Tuscan  Athens!  A  debt  so  vast  that  wo  are  quite  unable  to  express  its  magnitude.  After  the  appalling  gloom  of  the 
Dark  Ages,  which,  on  the  downfall  of  Imperial  Romo,  folded  entire  Europe  in  iu  shroud,  the  first  pule  streaks  of  light,  announcing  the  approaching  dawn  of  a  new  ago.  appeared  above 
those  wall*  of  Florence  1  Tis  true,  the  glory  which  succeeded  that  bright  down  did  not  lust  long.  Its  splcudor  scarce  outlived  two  centuries 
reached  their  zenith  and  Florence  ever  since  has  boon  n  treasure-house  for  those  who  prize  inspiring  memories  and  forms  which  live  again  •• 
that  thi*  fair  city  of  the  Renaissance,  girt  by  it.  amphitheatre  of  vincclnd  hills,  cleft  by  the  current  of  the  smiling  Arno,  and  guarded  by  the  Tuscan  Appcninos,  is  not  alone  a  beacon-light 
in  the  world'*  history,  but  one  of  the  most  enchanting  spots  upon  the  surface  of  our  globe  I 


i  that  time  Italian  urt  a 
n  marble.  What  v 


id  literatui 
. then. 


251 


an 


THE  POSTS  VECrniO,  FLORENCE.  ITALY. — The  moat  picturesque,  a*  well  ot  the  most  ancient,  Florentine  bridge  which  rrow*  the  river  Amo  U  the  Ponte  Vmxhio,  or  “  Old 
Bridge."  Old  iudecd  it  is,  having  been  built  more  than  500  yearn  ngo.  In  the  center  of  it  is  n  pretty  portico  with  three  arches,  affording  delightful  view*  up  and  down  the  stream  For 
centuries  the  side*  of  this  bridge  have  had  some  shops  of  jewelers  and  goldsmiths,  clinging  to  it,  like  barnacle*  to  the  sides  of  a  ship.  Above  these  the  line  of  small  windows  indicates  a 
passage  wny,  formerly  called  the  Old  lory  of  the  Omud  Duke.  It  wns  built  to  connect  the  Pnlacu  of  the  I'lhr/i  on  one  side  of  the  Arno  with  the  PittI  Palace  on  the  other.  Now  that  both 
of  these  splendid  palace*  are  art  museums  open  to  the  world,  this  corridor  is  freely  used  by  tourists;  for  as  is  plainly  seen  in  this  illustration,  the  Ponte  Vcochio  U  continued,  after  It 
reaches  each  bank,  by  this  covered  corridor  uniting  one  building  with  the  other.  The  sight  of  this  old  bridge  is  sufficient  to  recnll  more  or  loos  vividly  all  the  great  events  of  Florentine 
history.  Almost  every  fatuous  citizen  of  Florence,  from  Michael  Angelo  to  Benvenuto  Cellini  lias  often  crossed  thnt  bridge  and  leaned  upon  the  parapet  of  it»  I.oggia.  Nor  has  fiction 
failed  to  impart  to  this  line  old  structure  a  veil  of  romance  In  (Jeorge  Eliot's  matchless  novel,  "Romnln,"  it  was  from  the  arches  of  this  Ponte  Vcechio  that  Tito,  to  escape  the  mob. 
leaped  downwurd  through  the  darkness  into  the  river,  there  to  swim  onward  into  the  open  country,  where,  ns  he  landed  in  exhaustion,  he  met  the  fate  that  he  deserved — JmI/i,  by  the 
fecblo  hand*  of  the  old  man  he  hud  betrayed, 

255 


1 1 .V  1,1.  Ill-  PATl'IlN.  HITT!  Hint  ttnlWM'S.  WALT  Tl.c  l-,“  X  Xu.X,  . . . 

lor  mmik . in  inltnllely  p™«*  ">!»•  “V  *  *  .  „  ,,  it  „„uW  .till  I..  rich  Tocopy  «.t  «I  It. rare  »..rk..n  .itl.l  mini  ni.k . pHcmimi 

1 . "I  C  ZZ'Z"Z  HZ  Jinn.  Ill  ,l„  hnlla  »aUiii,„B  llu  ..  . -  ""pl.li-  In,  Ml,  «o,k. 

In  ycnn  in  minuet.  .»"■■»!  ..r.'tl..  m»ho  Jmrni  .1  P'l'l.h«V  '  .  lmi  iKnmtl.  ...  ..ip.lmt.ly  MM  M  orn  yom  hM.  uni  it  ».y  "  MU-  "I 

— -vr- -  “  -  —•  . . . . . . - . 

„o»mc,  inn  menu  .  i  _  wniu  on  which  (coin  iroonroou*  i 


. . . . . . 7>tr ““rrr: ** - •»». *. .» « ^  ... 

uiomic,  iiinlnohito,  or  lnpi»  Inruli.  the  co»t  of  whit  h  un  to  y  $  ■  .  wll|Dtured  mlVrble  dado  hang  the  world’*  great  miutcrpiccc!  While  cren  the  dour,  through 

l.e«  ilderinent,  and  you  hohold  elaborately  decorated  walK  ou  which  fro  y.J  ^  ^  ,R.  c„n  npl,rc,luu- single  picture.  Clow  by  the  door  leading  ,nto  another  of  thee 

.h«  ....  J.  . .  ,,f  iMp.  •"»  "  »■*»”  <"  «■*' 


,  OOOIA  F. ORBNCE.— Close  by  the  grand  Palazto  Vccchio  and  on  another  »i«lc  of  the  Squat*  of  the  Senate  tea  marble  portico  of  vast  proportions.  It  is  the eatebrnt. d  Loggia  or 
Portico  Of  the  Lancers,  so  called  from  the  Duke.-  spearmen  formerly  .tntioued  here  beside  the  Palace  How  s,i..|.le  vet  beautiful  •  •  thu  aicwle  of  Mij  an  he.  curving  ■"  l,<rf‘ " '  ‘>““"7! 
For  more  than  live  eventful  centuries  it  has  remained  here  thus,  delighting  every  visitor  to  Florence  from  the  most  casual  observer  to  the  skt' led  architect  When  l  orenm  di  Medici 
be  treed  Michael  Angelo  to  plan  for  him  another  splendid  ornament  for  this  Piwaa,  the  sculptor  answered  •  Curry  that  Loggia  entirely  around  it  Nothing  finer  .an  possibly  be  invented. 

Thfprince.  however,  shrank  from  the  expense  of  the  undertaking  No  laneer.  are  stationed  here  to-day  For  centuries  it  has  had  a  noble  use.  since  it  now  for . .  most  imposing 

. .  for  rare  works  of  art,  which  thus  in  Florence  literally  owjiov  from  her  great  sculpture  galleries  into  the  streets  themselves  Here  for  example  is  the  masterpiece 

bron/e  of  Benvenuto  Cellini,  his  celebrated  ■  Perseus  holding  up  the  head  of  the  monster  Medusa."  and  near  that  is  the  marble  group  by  John  of  Bologna,  entitled  the  “  Rape 

tteflSbtaL^ ^5SL5iu  dteptaj.  a.  mddbHi..  f  mipMM  such  os  wc  never  see  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic,  ex, . I  freely  and  eonttnua.l,  to  the  adoption  and 

inspiration  of  every  passer-by  Mf) 


GRAND  CANAL,  VENICE.— Few  experience*  in  lilc  iiru  more  enjoyable  than  the  traveler'.  flr*t  util  ou  the  ennuU  of  Venice,  that  city  which  perhaps  more  than  any  other  hoa  towered  op 
in  the  horixon  of  our  imagination  since  childhood,  nnd  whose  very  nuur,  so  »oon  ns  it  is  pronounced,  serves  ns  n  spell  to  stimulate  our  fancy  nnd  enthusiasm.  The  timed  Canal  ia  the 
princely  avenue  of  Venice.  It  w  inds  through  the  city  in  a  graceful  curve,  bordered  for  miles  on  cither  aide  by  marble  palaces  and  churches,  some  of  which,  though  crumbling  to  decay, 
still  attest  the  inngnillccDCe  of  bygone  day*.  One  cun  hardly  imagine  anything  more  unreal  yet  beautiful,  more  like  «  vision  in  wune  happy  dream,  tlmn  these  grand  stately  buildings  of  the 
past  glittering  in  the  moonlight  and  floating  thus  in  splendor  on  the  sen  Late  though  the  hour  be,  in  some  of  these  palaces  light,  are  sure  to  be  gleaming  through  the  casement;  nnd.  if 
we  bill  our  gondolier  halt  a  moment  beneath  the  magic  lights  and  shadows  of  their  balconica,  we  may  often  hear  within  the  tinkling  sound  of  the  guitar,  ur  the  voice  of  some  unseen 
musician.  From  time  to  time  our  boatmun  will  import  to  some  of  these  nn  added  interest  by  pausing  in  his  measured  stroke  to  whisper  in  hi*  soft  Venetian  dialect  some  well-known  name, 
some  story  or  some  tragic  memory  which  haunt  their  massive  wnlls.  Thus  we  have  pointed  out  to  us  the  paluee  in  which  the  poet  Byron  lived;  the  house  of  the  Doge  Dundoln,  Conqueror  of 
Constantinople,  and  the  palace  of  Marino  Falieri,  decapitated  for  his  crimes.  ^ 


THE  PIAZZRTTA  VENICE. -Encoding  at  right  angle.  to  tho  Pi.w*  of  San  Mar™.  which  lathe  great  aqurw  of  Venice  on.l  th.  Foromof  Vencti.n  life  and  hi.toryUlhi.jmallrr 

lln know,!  by  the  pretty  diminutive,  -  pi„«  -  At  one  extremity  of  i,  glitter  the  I . .  Of, he  .'fund  .  fringe,  wit . .of  gondola.  ,--du.k>  «f  the  can,,. 

which  float  there  m  the  aunlhine.  tempting  the  touri.t  to  glide  out  on  a  fn.rinat.ng  TOr.gr  of  eiplomtion  In  thi.  mo.t  poet,.  and  rom.nt.e  »f  r,„r.  T«»  noble  IPunK* 

r,I  again.,  the  Kn.tern  <ky.  Thev  were  brought  hither  from  one  of  the  Greek  Hand,  a,  trophic  of  Venetian  o ue.t  ,,,  1127  Hun-  were  originally  three  of  the*  aM 

but  one  fell  into  the  M  na  it  war  being  landed,  and  could  not  be  recovered  One  of  the  two  erected  here  .urmounted  by  the  characterise  apnhol  °] '  '  ,hp  '« 

Sr  Mark-  the  other  by  n  atntue  of  St.  Theodore,  who  wa*  the  patron  >aint  of  the  Republic  before  St.  Mark'*  body  w«  brought  hither  from  Kgrpt  in  a.,  e  oge  "  ‘  “  ~ 

proini.ed'to  fulfill  -any  fair  roque.t  »  mod.  by  the  man  who  .hould  ufaly  land  and  erect  the.e  column,  here,  the  aueWul architect  demoded  «»<•«*»">»• «, 
!„•  permitted  between  them.  The  promlao  was  faithfully  kept ;  but  to  render  of  no  practical  u.o,  it  w»  ordered  that  all  public  election.  .Imuld  take  plot «  then  1  .pot 

••unlucky  "  in  the  eye.  of  gunoatcra  'hat  they  dowrted  it  voluntarily.  On  the  left  of  thi.  plnrra  i*  the  magnificent  Palace  of  the  Doge.,  el.ewher, 


•  described. 


listing  of  n  single 
ill)  I  he  memories 
real,  we  think  of  Sbylock  and 


Tup  RIALTO,  VENICE.  -That  which  Mir*  the  pulse  more  thnn  all  else  upon  this  tlrand  Cunal  i«  the  famous  bridge  of  the  Rialto;  built  entirely  of  while  marble  and  <■ 
an  h'one  hundred  and  fifty  eight  feet  in  length.  It  is  worth  n  month  of  ordinary  life  to  have  the  privilege  of  bidding  our  gondolier  halt  beneath  this  bridge,  thronged  with  the  n 
of  three  hundred  years,  and  floating  there  to  let  the  tide  of  historic  association,  sweep  over  us.  For  environed  a,  we  are  by  all  that  make  these  n  '  ‘  ' 

. . .  Of  . . .  Doge,  who  ruled  here  ...  magnificence  for  one  thousand  year.!  We  think  of  the  time  when,  just  as  tin.  bridge  unite,  the  eastern  and  the  w. ...  banks 

canal  so  Venice  itself  was  the  eotn.ee ding  link  between  Europe  ..ml  Asia,  and  held  for  years  in  her  controlling  hinds  the  commerce  of  the  elv.hr.ed  world  Moreover.  . . .  m  tin  shadow 

of  tin’ . .  arch  appeared  the  first  hank  of  deposit  which  the  world  had  known;  in  Venice  olao  was  published  the  first  book  ever  printed  in  Italy  wb.le  on  tl...  very  bridge  was  sold 

r  published  in  the  world,  which  (bartered  for  a  coin  called  Quetta)  hes  given  a  name  to  mttuy  of  our  modern  journals.  Nor  can  we  lie 
cd  her  standard  to  mil  out  its  purple  folds  over  some  of  tho  richest  islands  in  the  Mediterranean  and  Adriatic. 


the  first  in 
glorious  ci 


v, paper, 
reer  of  conquest,  ■ 


.•  forget  how  Venice, 


200 


h  of  8l.  Mark  lia»  stood  here  for  nearly  eight  hundred  team  u«  a  splendid  proof  of  the  ni 
me,  uud  minaret-like  belfries  it*  glittering  uiomif.  nod  cupola*  sparking  with  gold,  it  .eem» 

I iu- !  The  Venetians  brought  back  with  them  from  their  Eastern  war*  Hen*  «*f  Oriental  i 
■f  the  whole.  Yet  no  expense  wa»  spared  to  make  it  msgnifiecnt.  For.  to  u;  nothing  of  lt> 
if  43,700  square  feet,  and  are  still  gorgeous  iu  their  golden  and  purple  colors.  And  wheu  we  thir1 

nv  uu  ,„uSv . , . „ . this  sanctuary  has  been  proudly  called  *•  Ij»  Chleaa  Auras, ”  or  the  Church  of  Gold,  and  compared 

During  more  than  live  centuries,  the  first  question  addressed  to  general*  and  captain*  returning  from  the  Eastern  wars  was 
•„|  ••  Above  the  doorway  of  tin.  fumou*  church  are  four  enormous  horses  made  of  gilded  brome .  They  were  originally 
i  Home  they  were  taken  by  Constantine  to  Constantinople.  Thence  they  wore  brought  by  the  conquering  Doge*  to  \  .  nice, 
were  restored  by  llio  nllies  to  the  Queen  of  the  Adriatic 


THE  CHI’HCII  OF  ST  MAHIv.  VENICE  -The  l 
arehitccturo  is  most  extraordinary.  With  it.*  bullion 
Christian  shrine.  One  might  also  call  it  a  Christaio 
'ni|itiiig  to  repent  them  they  made  a  singular 
mosaic*  on  it*  tiUrior  alone 
mir  if  ii /tin,  we  are  no  longer  surprised  that  this  sanctuary  lias  been  p 


in  Mi 


lit  magnificence  of  Venice.  Its 
■re  like  a  Mohammedan  than  a 
tore  which  pleased  them,  hut  in 
.plriidid  column*  and  rich  carving, 
think  that  thi*  l»  nothing  to  the  vast  expanse  of 
a  cwvcrn  hung  with  stalactites  of  precious 
What  new  and  splendid  offering  briug  you  fot 
i  Hmne,  and  adorned  Nero’s  golden  chariot  of  the  Sun. 
Napoleon  I  also  took  them  to  Paris;  but  uftcr  Waterloo 


HUiHlt 

1 1|  Mil  if 

if  !?mi 
Hr*'" 


ijjiilJii. 

!i|;i!K! 

i mill  * 

iliijiii 

ii- :|i  Hi  J 

I H  si  i '  M  - . 
If 


mm 

nil  is 

I  H 

Si 


iiililil 

Hililii, 

sh  mm 

stiii  tu? 

iiniitH 

fllililil! 


Till  li.Y  or  VU-IE9  ITALY  hi..,  o.vrv-«>.bo.foigoll<n  mom...  «h...  .....  look.  f..r  ih.  lint  linn  ....  ihl.  ..aH.allrt  b.j  nl.hl.  I.nl.l.  within  In  «l..ri....»  ......  . . .  »,„! 

i  I.  ,11..  tho  gi.inl  for,,,  ot  tlrv.w-ailir.l  Vroo.lin  I„™.|»f»l.|j  lair  lath.  environ..,. ut  ..I  "■  .ia.llos  ahovro.  "•  .|.,„kl,„B  l»...  Ila  >«*l  -"“V"'  bl ' 

'  .  ,1, „„,l  linrird  city  .,f  1  nil  .he.,  enmhin.  to  ren.le,  1. ,.  v.rll.t.le  Strom  tor  In.en  ..t  the  baolituL  To  oloott  I  to  "Otthen,  aloroof  ,1...  Vapol.lan 

'  '  ,1,,  . .  ■pound  of  cl— trot  I.aly  At  ...re  turn  the  roueenin  -.1  an.-l.i.t  . .  »  <■  . "■  ■  'ml  .  ua.I.  ..f  I...V...I ...  na.l.imn.  eeh.le 

,  from  thi.  cIomIc  sen.  we  hear  o  murmur nt  nncivnt  y.l  familiar  n, .......  Fot.  one.  .he..-  alo|>M«aro  envend  with  .he  a|,lon.li.l  villa,  ot  rii.tinoei.ahed 

w  their  dark  nntl  golden  thread*  to  weave  n  nut- work  of  enchantment  round  the  place.  Thil*  it  i*  well  known  that  Virgil  luid  n  villa  on  thi« 
ic  of  hi*  ffnett  work*;  and  when  he  died,  the  Kmpcror  eau.ed  hi.  friend1*  l**t  wi.h  to  Ik-  fulfilled.  *nd  hnd  hi.  body  brought  hen-  fot 


liny  I.  to  explore  I 

in  every  brenth  tlmt  blow,  upon  i 
Homan* .  and  therefore  hUtory  and  fable  blend  n 
.bore.  In  which  lie  lived  for  year*,  eompoaing  *ot 
interment.  Iie*ide  tin-  »nmc  unchanging  *en  nndo 


the  very  .lope  where  lie  had  written  hi.  immortal  poem* 


SANTA  I.UC'IA,  NAP 
whip*  are  cracking.  <1. 
here  impossible  Tin 
Italian  poetry  with  tin 
Toilottc*  are  nlso  here 
they  arc  such  amusing, 

air  of  Nnplc*.  How  a 
hour  of  ii  broiliue 


LKS  —  Naples  i»  tin 
rnkies  are  braying.  ■ 
p  nruu  of  Morph, 
it  pn«»ioiintc  fervr 
performed  .1 
,  merry  tleviU  that  0 
to  dusk  and  dusk 
photographer  eve 


noisiest  city  in  the  world,  and  the  quay  of  Snntn  Lucia  i«  the  place  where  the  Neapolitan  uproar  asserts  it.elf  mu.t  loudly.  Wheel*  are  clattering, 
minstrel,  nrc  siugiog,  and  men,  women  and  children  arc  .creaming,  shouting  nnd  quarreling,  a.  if  all  Bedlam  had  broken  loose.  Sound  sleep  Ir 
,  ,0  embrace  the  ever-noisy  Santa  Lucia  Crowds  listen  with  delight  to  men  who  ore  often  .lad  in  rug.,  b 

which  make*  the  Italian  a  natural  actor.  Public  letter-writers  pursue  tlldr  •'mention  here  for  the  benefit  of  those  • 
and  lmir  dressing  is  au  invariable  feature  of  most  of  the  doorways.  Nnplc.  has  been  truly  described  as  a  "  Pnmdi 
ne  doe*  not  altogether  object  to  the  pandemonium  whieh  its  streets  present.  “  Santa  Lucia !  Snntn  Lucia! Thru-  nn-  the  dulcet 
imo  of  this  wave-washed  quay  hits  become  the  burdeu  of  the  most  popular  song  in  Italy,  1 


who  repent  whole  canto,  of 
o  tun  not  themselves  write, 
inhabited  by  devils  .  ”  but 
ds  w  liieh  echo 
Stnlu  Lurin  "  floats  ever  on  the 


contrived  to  represent  this  street  M  tranquil  and  deserted  as  it  here  appears,  i.  difficult  to  imagine,  unless  he  chose  forth,  •  tpei 


went  thi  noontide 


THE  FORUM,  POMPEII.— Notwithstanding  all  that  we  may  hare  road  nl>oiit  Pompeii,  to  walk  among  ita  excavated  atreota  and  trmplea  i*  on  unique  and  never-to-be-forgotten  t-xpcrieoce. 
*urpa**iog  all  oue'a  anticipation*  For  hero  beneath  tho  awful  mount,  which  still  hold*  high  ita  »moking  torch,  lie*  no  ancient  Roman  city,  partially  ruined,  it  i*  true,  but  an  protected 
from  the  Gotha  and  Vandal*  by  its  very  lava  shroud,  that  now  iu  looking  on  it*  street*  and  buildings  we  can  imagine  them  re-peopled,  and  rr.nliu)  just  how  life  went  on  beneath  this  same 
blue  sky  when  Jcau*  w  alked  in  Galilee.  Here  arc  frescoes  uudimmed  by  the  fatal  touch  of  time.  Here  have  been  found  scores  of  dead  bodies  and  gems  which  fell  from  the  trembling 
bnnds  of  those  who  lied  in  terror.  The  walls,  though  roofless,  are  still  standing  lirmly.  Tho  column*  have  not  lo*t  their  color.  This  Forum  of  Pompeii  had  not  been  quite  completed  when 
the  destruction  of  the  oily  came,  and  these,  its  numerous  pedestal*  for  statues,  were  for  the  most  part  unoccupied  when  the  deadly  o*hc*  fell,  to  wrap  them  in  a  winding  sheet,  which,  only 
in  this  nineteenth  century,  has  been  removed.  Pompeii  was  a  favorite  summer-resort  of  wealthy  Romans.  Cicero  had  n  villa  there  and  was  very  food  of  the  plare.  The  fatal  catastrophe 
occurred  on  the  24th  of  August,  A.  D.  70,  when  Pompeii  was  burled  in  shower*  of  aahes  and  red-hot  pumice  stone*  to  a  depth  of  twcoty  feet  Much  uiorvnf  the  city  still  remain*  to  bo 
excavated,  The  Government  allows  $12,000  a  year  for  the  work  to  go  on. 


SORRENTO,  ITALY  On  the  southern  shore  of  the  enchanting  and  incomparable  Bay  of  Naples  lies  the  village  of  Sorrento.  To  reach  it  from  Naples  one  rides  bIook  a  winding  road  cut 
in  the  brow  of  cliffs  two  hundred  or  three  hundred  feet  in  height,  which  constitute  a  glorious  frame  for  that  lovely  mirror  which  holds  reflected  in  itself  visions  of  surpassing  beauty ! 
These  wave-washed  bluffs  are  covered  with  villns,  convents,  groves  and  gardens  which  become  especially  numerous  and  attractive  on  and  about  the  wooded  point  projecting  from  the  shore 
and  called  Sorrento.  It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  in  tho  spring  and  autumn  this  is  a  perfect  paradiso  of  beauty;  for  it  is  surrounded  w  ill*  orange  and  lemon  groves  gleaming  with 
shining  leaves  and  fruit  of  gold.  As  one  inhales  here  the  soft  air  laden  with  tho  breath  of  blossoms  and  hears  the  choirs  of  nightingales  which  chant  here  through  the  spring,  he  realises 
that  his  youthful  dreams  have  been  fulfilled,  and  that  at  lust  ITALY  seems  all  that  he  fondly  fancied  it  in  childhood  I  Tho  hotels  of  Sorrento  lino  the  cliff  which  overhangs  the  sen,  and 
behind  them  are  luxuriant  gardens  mid  orange  groves.  The  population  of  the  place  is  quite  prosperous,  being  chiefly  engaged  in  straw-plaiting,  lare-tnnking  or  ollvo  wood  carving,  in 
which  they  are  proficient.  It  was  in  Sorrento  that  the  poet  Tasso  was  horn,  in  a  house  now  used  as  a  hotel,  from  which  the  view  over  the  Bay  towards  Naples  uad  the  islands  of  Capri  and 
Ischia  is  indcserihahlv  beautiful. 

888 


THE  MILAN  CATHEDRAL,  ITALY.— No  matter  bow  weary  one  may  have  become  from  visiting  numberlcwi  cathedrals  through  thr  length  and  breadth  of  Europe,  hero  i»  one  before 
which  he  feel*  ineliucd  to  kneel  iu  admlrutiOD.  It  i*  one  of  the  most  majestic,  and  at  the  same  time  beautiful  and  elalmratc.  Structures  in  the  world.  It  reveals  (iotbic  architecture  carried 
to  it*  moat  czquisite  limit*.  Its  material  ia  white  marble.  There  are  time*,  especially  by  moonlight,  when  it  »ccm»  like  n  mountain  of  alabaster  peopled  with  thouannd*  of  graceful  figure*. 
Thi*  i*  hnrdly  an  exaggeration,  for  there  are  actually  more  than  4. *00  marble  statue*  on  the  exterior  of  this  marvelous  structure.  Nor  are  the**'  figure*  roughly  flnisbod  on  account  of  their 
elevation  from  tho  street.  If  wc  ascend  to  the  roof  and  ozamiuo some  of  them,  wo  shall  find  each  one  an  admirable  work  of  art.  Some  of  them  an  the  product*  of  Cnnora's  genius.  To 
walk  over  the  roof  of  thi*  “eighth  wonder  of  the  world  "  is  to  wander  through  aerial  sculpture-galleries,  surrounded  by  myriads  of  columns,  towers,  pinnacles,  buttresses  and  arches,  all 
tenanted  by  snow-white  angels,  warriors,  saint.*,  kings  or  cherubs,  outlined  at  times  like  frosted  silver  on  the  sky.  It  should  lie  aUo  romcmlierrd  that  the  interior  of  tins  marble  Hunmo  is 
worthy  of  the  exterior  in  the  grandeur  of  its  dimensions,  its  gigantic  fluted  columns,  ami  its  magnificent  stained  gins*  windows,  through  which  the  my*  of  sunlight  fall  on  the  vast  mosaic 
pavement  like  the  ruby  and  golden  hue*  of  autumnal  leave*.  ^ 


HTATl’E  OK  COLUMBl'S,  GENOA.  ITALY  -“Genoa,  In  Supcrbn"  well  deserve*  it*  mime.  ll»  situation  is  glorious  unil  the 
terrace*  is  magnificent  Tin-  history  of  this  city  i*  brilliant  ami  eventful,  nml  one  ever- memorable  feature  of  it  is  commcmorati 
ilirectly  in  front  of  the  principal  Genoese  railway  station.  It  greet*  the  truvcler.  therefore.  on  arriving  here;  it  bids  him  fare 
this  handsome  monument  aiguilles,  vii.  the  gill  of  a  grateful  country  to  Christopher  Columbus.  For  it  is  the  glory  of  Genoa 
Wlmt  though  it  has  been  proved  that  hardy  Norsemen  crowd  the  North  Atlantic  « enturies  before  Columbus  sailed  from  >|«n 
Whatever  Northern  Vikings  may  have  done.  America  wits  still  in  Ul)2  virtually  «i  Item  incognita,  and  It  was  the  illustrious 


i it  of  the  ocean  spread  out  bcucuth  its  flower-crowned 
l  in  this  noble  statue  recently  erected  in  a  prominent  tcpiarc 
•  he  takes  hi*  have.  The  inscription  briefly  tells  u»  what 
e  been  in  lt.t5  the  birthplace  of  that  immortal  discoverer. 
Ills  courage,  faith  and  perseverance  are  not  levs  sublime 
of  Genoa  who  brought  it  to  the  knowledge  of  the  civilised 


•rid  and  revolutionized  the  ideas,  hope*  anil  destinies  of  mankind  The  design  of  this  monument  is  admirable  Columbus  leans  upon  an  anchor,  hi*  right  hand  pointing  to  the  figure  of 
Amorim.  Below  him  we  diseern,  encircling  the  shaft,  a  line  of  naval  ornaments  symbolic  of  the  discoverer's  little  fleet.  On  the  corners  of  the  pcde‘Ul  are  statues  representing  Science, 
Keligion.  Courage  and  Geography,  and  between  them  scene*  of  his  adventurous  career. 


PIAZZA  CAIILO  ALBERTO,  TURIN.  ITALY.  Oncol  the  brightest  mul  most  cheerful  of  Italian  cities  is  Turin,  which  from  1M0  to  1865  was  the  capital  of  Italy  and  the  residcncsof  the 
Kmi,,.  |t.  apneious  sqinires.  broad  streets,  numerous  gardens  nn.l  line  public  buildings  make  it  a  eery  agreeable  town  to  visit,  although  it  can  not  Imast  of  so  many  pncel.-..  «.ni  venire  of  «rt 
.of  Italy  possess  Nevertheless,  Turin  is  ancient,  for  It  was  founded  by  the  Emperor  Augustus  1000  years  ago;  and  it  was  in  recent  time,  the  principal 
in  the  unification  of  Italv.  It  is  the  birth  place  of  the  illustrious  statesman,  favour,  and  a  magnificent  monument  has  been  erected  here 
r  Emanuel,  whose  statue's  and  inonumeots  also  decorate  the  city.  The  building  seen  in  the  illustration  is  the  Palatso  Carignano.  which 
and  after  that  for  five  years  was  the  Ilnll  of  the  Italian  Parliament.  The  bronse  equestrian  statue  in  front  of  it  is  tbnt  of  King  Carlo 
e  pedestal  is  approached  by  four  step,  of  Scottish  granite  ;  at  the  corners  stand  os  a  faithful  body  guard  four  coloasal  statues  of  Sardinian 


center  of  those  national  struggles  which  rest 
in  Ins  honor.  Here  also  was  born  King  Vic 
was  the  Sardinian  Chamber  of  Deputies  till  1  Hi  .  ... 

Alberto,  for  whom  the  square  is  mimed.  The  pedestal  is  approached  by  four  steps  of  Scottish  granite  ,  at  the  Corners  stand  < 

soldiers  and  alwve  are  four  female  figures  representing  Freedom.  Justice,  Independence  and  Patriotism  Among  the  objects  of  interest  which  Turin  offers  to  the 
Armoury,  containing  many  valuable  relic,  of  various  celebrated  soldiers  from  Charles  V  down  to  Napoleon  I,  an  admirable  /krture  OalUry,  and  the  National  Mu arum.  which  i*  the  loftiest 
structure  in  Europe  with  the  exception  of  the  Eiffel  Tower  in  Paris,  its  height  being  1538  feet 

208 


I'olcr  are  the  Royal 


LARK  M.VUtUOItR,  ISOl.A  IIKI.I.A.  ITALY  —The  Ilalinn  lakes,  Como  un<l  Million-,  rvo-iohla  precious  iluoo  whirl)  differ  in  form  nnd  color,  Iml  are  of  value  in  the  eyes  of  the 
lover  of  Nnlim-  Luke  Maggime.  u*  iu  name  demur*,  i*  the  larger  Isorly  of  water.  I  icing  thirty-seven  mile*  in  length  nnd  four  and  one-half  in  width  Moreover,  much  of  the  frame-work 
of  till*  crystal  mirror  i*  grander  than  the  one  which  form*  the  setting  of  Lake  Como.  One  of  iu  moat  attractive  feature*  i»  the  laola  Della,  that  far-famed  ialand  which  we  here  heboid, 
limiting  like  a  medallion  on  the  bosom  of  tin  lake.  Two  hundred  year*  ago  thi*  wu»  a  barren  rock;  but  Count  Borromoo  caused  to  be  transported  thither  a  great  mm  of  earth,  nnd 
converted  it.  a*  if  by  magic,  into  a  series  of  beautiful  garden*  rising  on  terrace*  100  feet  above  the  wave.  Now,  therefore,  it  is  like  a  fragment  of  the  orient  which  ha*  by  chance  drifted 
hither;  for  lemon  trees,  iiingnolins,  laurel*,  mngnilirent  oleander*  and  other  feature*  of  the  south  now  flourish  then-  in  profusion  Who  con  wonder  at  the  praise*  which  have  been  lavishes]  on 
Lake  Mnggioref  For.  in  addition  to  thi*  Island,  the  shores  themselves  present  u  constant  series  of  darkly  purple  hills  flecked  her.  and  there  with  whitc-wnlled  ensiles  and  convents;  while 
on  the  shore  in  every  sliclturcd  nook  some  picturesque  Italian  village  glitter*  in  the  sun,  or  else  innumerable  villas  line  each  bank  in  beautiful  »uccv*»ion,  gleaming  like  jswel*  in  the  dark 
setting  of  the  trees. 

211.1 


n  from  the  lime  of  Homer  to  our 


i>  Vi  |  umo  \NI)  MONTH  PELLEGRINO.  PALERMO.  SICILY  -The  island  of  SMI?  i-  a  portion  of  ..nr  earth  which  ho*  entranced  the  heart*  of  nil 

own’  Fortunately  more  traveler*  now  go  tliither  ever?  year,  for  the  government  »f  Italy  ha.  rendered  traveling  there  wutr.  and  milroad*  h  ive  remove!  many  former  berdfhip 
in  Sicily  who.c  .itimtion  i.  nlinoet  unrivalled  in  the  world  for  beauty  is  Palermo.  For  centime*  thi.  ha.  live,,  named  /-i  #Wut.  or  the  ••  llapp; 
plnin  on  which  it  lie*  i.  .till  called,  both  from  it*  fertility  anil  curving  form,  I*  Couca  d’Oro,  or  the  ••Shell  of  Gob 
For  it*  unrounding  valley  i*  one  v«.t  grove  of  lemon,  and  of  orange,  which  every  year  .end.  forth  it.  golden  hnrve.t 
Object,  namely,  the  enormou*  Hock  of  Monte  Pellegrino,  which  rise*  to  a  height  of  2.000  feet,  like  n  mon«h 
Pilgrims"  i«  the  meaning  of  it.  musical  title,  and  counties*  are  the  pilgrim,  who  re.ort  thither  in  n 
mountain  to  live  apart  from  the  world  in  prayer  and  meditation  Thi.  was  strange  enough,  hut 

discovered  there  in  a  cave  the  body  of  Roaalia  perfectly  preserved,  although  *ho  had  been  dead  live  hundred  year.!  W  hen 

plague  Utald  to  have  disappeared  nt  once,  and  Santa  Rosalia  ha.  ever  since  been  the  patron  mint  of  Palermo,  and  her  name  h*»  her n given  to  the  (  .thedr.1 


A  city 

itmngc;  for  the  hill-girt 
fruitful  *•  Palermo! "  No  land  need,  higher  pmi»c  than  thi*. 
over  half  the  world.  At  one  extremity  of  Palermo  i.  a  mo»t  picturesque 
,f  the  ten  to  shield  the  city  from  the  Northern  wind*.  "The  Ml  »f 
Many  centuries  ago  a  fair  Sicilian  maiden  nano. I  Rosalia  (led  to  that  gloomy 
•till  i«  the  tradition  that,  when  the  plague  wo* raging  here  in  1084,  »  lucky  pm  .t 
the  city,  the  effect  was  wonderful,  for  the 


Till.  MAK1NA,  CAIMII  — Tlic  island  of  Cnpri  in  the  Bay  of  Naples  when  ^fiUlvtl  by  tin-  dawn,  mantled  in  purple  l»T  the  sunset  light,  or  turned  massive  silver  by  the  imion,  mm!  al"*y* 
lx- sublimely  beautiful !  It  is  n  huge  volcanic  rock,  three  and  oue  half  mile*  long,  crouching  on  thO  water  like  a  monstrous  Sphinx,  whose  head  and  shoulder*  ri*.  2.000  feet  above  the 
wave*  in  such  colossul  magnitude  that  one  might  deem  it  sculptured  here  in  grandeur  by  the  god*  themselves!  Thu  landing  place  i*  surrounded  by  butte  boulder*  towering  above  the 
waves,  like  mighty  pier*  to  which  this  siren-haunted  island  ha*  been  moored,  lest  it  should  flout  away  to  gladden  other  coast*  Thither  the  Kmpcr..r  Tiberius  came  about  thirty  ye  ars  after 
Christ,  and  bus  bequeathed  to  this  enchanting  Island  the  souvenirs  of  tragedy  and  shameless  vice.  For  on  this  rock,  guarded  by  vessels  night  and  day.  he  thought  himself  secure  at  least 
from  poison  and  the  dagger.  He  built  here  twelve  imperial  palaces  which  rivaled  iu  their  sice  and  splendor  some  of  the  proudest  buildings  of  the  Eternal  City.  Now  nothing  is  left  of 
these  upon  the  land  save  dreary  vaults  and  arches;  but  in  the  sea,  below  a  single  one  of  them,  ton*  upon  tons  of  white  nnd  colored  marble  have  been  found,  with  tunny  fine  columns  and 
mosaic  puvomonU.  Standing  on  this  island  nud  looking  out  on  the  unrivaled  beauty  there  disclosed,  one  appreciate*  as  never  before  the  lines: 

My  soul  to-day  is  far  away  Under  the  walls  of  Paradise!  Calm  Capri  waits 

Sailing  the  blue  Vesuvian  Hay,  Here  Ischia  smiles  o'er  the  liquid  mile*;  Her  sapphire  gates 

My  spirit  lies  with  watchful  eyes  And  yonder  bluest  of  the  ilea,  Beguiling  to  her  bright  cstatr*' ' 

2IID 


PURItVA  DEI,  SOI..  M  A I >111 II.  SPAIN. — Thl.  ••  ltot.l  ol  thn  Son  "  °<  . . .  tbcln,,,..  I„  b,  tb„  d»>.  M  bnwtt  »..h.  U» 

ihn  O.piul  Alih.iuuli  I . .  Ii.iiful.  ii  ..  I...  ju.ll>  fomuu»,  lor  it  i.  lb.  nu.  ku>  »l  lb.  oils'.  «!•.  Ib.  "I  M.idrul,  .1, r..l.b.r,B  with  iro . .  Thtou.l.  Ibis 

tl...  r.-.Hc«  life-blood  of  the  town  i.  every  moment  flowing.  Moat  of  the  lower  .torle*  of  it.  houtea  and  hotel,  arc  cafe*.  from  which  at  night  muilf  amt  light  . 
of  glaaaca,  a  bubbling  of  longue*  mid  the 

Ciutiliuu.  wrapped  in  their  deftly-folded 


n  forth,  amid  a  clatter 

_»  though  thl.  Spanlah  capital  had  bnni.hcd  eleep  forever.  Sun  burnt  peaaanta  end  ragged  beggar,  arc  alway*  idling  al»ut 

i.  iM.  pu.iiA  * . . . . . . . . . . . . .  * . - . .  r  w  . ^ 

|  ,,  in  mu  Of  guile-deco  rated  mule,  with  tinkling  bell*,  bull  tighter,  in  their  gorgeous  coatumea.  muaicluna  with  guitar*.  and  promt 
cloak*  and  wearing  on  their  head*  thows  huge  *nmbreM*  which  .trlkingly  rcemble  gigantic  chocolate  cream*.  If  you  are  in  the  mood  for  .t  Ihi*  whirl  Of  lite  U  thorouguiy  «■>•••■ 

It  Kudota  y»«V»  ».I  than  would  tl»  ,Wt.  For  in  Ib.I  ntottoj  throng  tb.ro  i.  not  on.  who  knot.,  jot.r  non...  ..  »ro>  to  joot  o.l.t.oro.  «»'  “V  *»  . 

therefore,  even  in  thin  brilliant  Gateway  of  the  Sun. 


VIEW  OK  THE  ALllAMHItA  »Ki»om  Tnn  Qumuum).  HHANADA,  8PA1N.  — "The  view  from  the  Alhuubn  hill  is,  in  my  opinion,  the  most  beautiful  that  I  have  ever  seen.  :,nJ 
when  combined  with  the  historic,  romantic  nntl  literary  associations  of  the  place,  it  render*  this  tirauaiian  Acropoll*  uneiiimllcti  in  ntimctivoin  *.«  by  any  portion  of  the  world."  Such  is  the 
ei  pressed  opinion  of  n  great  traveler,  who  him  had  the  opportunity  of  rooking  extensive  observation*  nml  comparison*  Hut  hi*  enthusiasm  it  not  misplaced.  Here  it  a  noble  plain 
containing  fifly-tcven  equnn<  mile*  of  wonderful  fertility,  green  a*  the  richeat  mot*  and  ornnmented  here  ami  there,  like  Oriental  pearl*,  with  white-nailed  villages  and  tower*  Every 
portion  of  that  plain  ha*  been  the  scene  of  detperate  conflict  between  Moor  and  Christian.  Around  it  lire  mnny  mountain*,  only  a  few  of  which  arc  visible  on  the  *ide  t>  |>r<  *■  ntod  by  this 
illustration.  Some  of  these  ate  tawny  and  desolate,  while  others  pierce  the  uwiro  nt  a  height  of  11,000  feet  and  are  crowned  w  ith  everlasting  snow.  With  such  an  environment  there  rises 
abruptly  above  the  city  of  Oramida  the  hill  which  constituted  the  fsvoritc  abode  of  the  Moorish  Caliphs.  It  is  sheltered  from  the  arrows  of  the  sun  by  magnificent  elms  a  humlre<l  feet  in 
height.  Nightingale*  arc  singing  in  their  nhundnnt  foliage.  Hoses  and  orange-blossoms  fill  the  nir  with  perfume.  Lastly  mid  chiefly,  seated  here  in  this  bower  of  Oriental  delights,  and 
resembling  n  Queen  upou  a  lofty  throne,  i*  the  most  exquisite  palace  man  has  ever  built,  the  unique,  the  world-renowned  AOiambm.  This,  as  all  the  world  knows,  was  the  most  treasured 
residence  of  the  Moorish  sovereigns,  u  veritable  earthly  paradise,  where  life  passed  away  liken  liappv  dream 

803 


i,  Pedro  the  Cruel,  and  mo*1 
n  this  illustration  is  the  boudoir  of  Mar 


SALON  OF  MARIA  I)K  PADILLA.  ALCAZAR.  SKVILI.K.  SPAIN 
rilled  in  Spain  In  1181.  It  was,  however,  largely  rebuilt  by  the  Christian 
which  seem  to  lmve  no  fitness  for  so  fair  n  place.  The  room  porlmyc 

was,  however,  •ul«oquently  forced  into  a  political  marriage  with  the  French  Princes.,  Blanclie  de  Bourbon, 
unhappy  Blanche  »»•  cruelly  persecuted,  imprisoned  several  years,  and  Anally  put  to  death 
crime*  within  this  very  palace,  one  of  the  worst  of  which 
Mains  are  still  pointed  out  in  one  of  these  marble  pavement.. 

Alhambra.  At  all  event*  its  Moorish  ornamentation  has  suffered  lew  from  the  ravage*  of  Time  and  Man. 


Al  Knsr.  the  house  o!  Cu'imrj  i«  a  Moorish  palate,  began  when  A  rain. in  <  aliph. 
of  its  gorgeous  apartment*  are  haunted  by  the  memory  of  his  tragic  deoils, 
in  dr  Padilla,  the  beautiful  lady  whom  Pedro  loved  and  secretly  married.  He 
Three  days  after,  he  left  the  wife  he  hated  for  the  woman  he  loved,  and  the 
de  Padilln  seem*  to  have  been  unable  to  restrain  Pedro  from  committing  revolting 
the  murder  "f  hi*  illegitimate  brother,  whom  he  enured  to  be  .truck  down  by  the  maces  of  his  courtiers,  aud  whose  blood* 
later  Pedro  himself  was  stabbed  to  the  heart.  The  Alcoror  of  Seville  is  iu  some  respect*  more  beautiful  than  the 
lt»  exquisite  tile-work  and  the  stucco  tapestry  of  it*  walls  are  like  mantle*  of 


finely-woven  lace.  Behind  this  palaro  are  lovely  gardens,  laid  out  by  C  harles  V,  and  abounding  in  myrtle  hedge,  and  orange  grove*,  bright  with  their  glistening  liwvr.  and  fruit  of  gold 
tnmmund  a  view  of  those  garden*,  and  no  doubt  the  beautiful  Maria  de  Padilla  ha*  often  looked  out  upon  their  -  harming  terrace*  and  breathed  their 
married  Pedro  the  Cruel  I 


The  window*  of  thi»  apartment 
perfume-laden  air.  perhaps  a*  a  slight  consolation  for  having 


PANORAMA  OK  SEVILLE  FROM  THE  OIRAl.OA,  SPAIN  —From  Clio  summit  of  the  old  Moorish  *pire,  the  Oiralds,  the  view  of  Seville  is  ono  of  exquisite beauty.  Clasping  it  in 
beauty,  like  a  «ilver  girdle,  in  tlmt  rtatcly  river,  whose  Muon  .h  name  (the  Uuailnlqiiivor)  sounds,  even  when  pronounced  in  English.  like  n  "train  of  mu  tie  li  i«  a  very  ancient  city,  famous 
for  distinguished  men,  lovely  women,  palm-tree*  and  orange- gm via,  churmlug  courtyard*,  fine  churches.  and  many  rare  painting"  by  Murillo  and  Vclnsquc*.  From  Seville  two  of  the  most 
celebrated  and  admirable  Roman  Emperors,  Hadrian  and  Trajan,  went  forth  to  wear  the  imperial  purple  of  the  world.  Here  the  gifted  Moon  reigned  for  many  centuries  in  splendor.  The 
promenade  of  Seville  disclose*  n  multitude  of  bewitching  Senoraa  mul  Senorita*,  who  wrap  uround  their  Imndaoine  tresses  luce  mantilla-,  which,  when  adorned  with  a  red  row  or  a  pink,  are 
certainly  the  mart  becoming  uud  coipicttiih  hcud-drrur*  in  the  world.  Each  houoc  in  Seville,  however  plain  its  exterior  uiav  be.  will  have  its  pretty  courtyard  paved  with  msrblo  and 
enclosed  by  walla  enameled  with  glared  tile*.  In  these  charming  patio*  occur  in  the  *oft  delightful  evening*  of  Seville  the  little  informal  *oci»l  panic*,  which  render  a  rrsidenrr  here 
agreeable  A  few  modern  squares  are  to  be  found  here,  hut  it  I*  often  unpleasant  to  cro»*  their  bmad  expanse  of  tlroy  sunlight,  and  the  narrow,  Moorish  street*,  into  whieh  the  sun  only 
fully  enters  for  an  hour  at  noon,  socm  better  suited  to  ita  climate. 

309 


COL'ItT  OF  OIIVNOKS  VNI)  M03QI  K.  C'OHDOV A,  SPAIN  -The  Mo*.,uo  of  Cordu. . .  of  the  moat  apfamdld  relic  of  the  Moor,  which  can  be  found  ...  Tfu  very  approach 

V,  bMutifu,  Dir-  ...  ...  in  through  »  M-.mI.  got  and  find*  . . .  at  «M  in  .hi.  fine  old  courtyard.  containing  cedon,  c yprcMca.  orange-tree,  three  -  •  ..Id.  . .  pabu  tre.-.  of 

L  .nil  ...II.  v  narfret  wave  of  perfume  greet,  on.  .u  he  enter,  it,  like  th.it  which  meets  him  when  he  enter*  a  con«ervatory.  In  the  center  u  no  ....  .rnt  fount  .in.  at  which  bird* 
MOD  to  drink  innlwiio  l/ll  tlwSr  pitchem.  mid  •  Chihlm.  of  (he  Sun  "  to  lie  within  it*  shadow  mid  U*e  apparently  ....  the  juice  of  ....  orange  amt  the  throbb.ng  tone,  of  ,.  gu.tnr  The 
,'t  ....  1  tm... formed  mi..  ■.  ChriMii.i.  chureh.  hut  nothing  am  conceal  the  apccial  diameter  given  it  by  the  Moon,  namely,  t..«t  of  1  >«orW/  '»*'  F..r  th«  r.  one  atill  arm 

more  than  I'.OOti  monolithic  mb. . .  marble.  l-M-hyr,  •>'  •"*—«.  inning  .  truly  henilderiDg  multitude  of  gli„e,...g  |»th.  f  .U«U- >  ^ed.^ 

. .  „  .  ‘  „  ...  ...  ('„.ll.,VI1  ,o  the  duv*  of  Ai.dumihtnan  the  <lrr.it.  Then  (nbout  1.000  yearn  ago)  there  wen-  within  the  walla  of  thu  city  hundred  mu«,m  fifty  ho.p.taU.  ...... 

hun.l red  public,  batlu.  Js  hundred  inn».  right  'hundred  kd.ooU.  ..nd  n  library  of  000.000  tnummript  volume*,  and  hundred. of  .tudanU  went  here  daily  to  the  Mo.lcm  .rhoolv  where  Mu.ic 
Me.lieme,  Pl.ilo.ophy  and  Mathematic*  were  then  taught,  .u  nowhere  cUcin  the  world. 


GIBRALTAR— Tho  undent*  believed  this  cliff  to  hovo  been  plunted  by  the  gods  at  the  we»tern  limit  of  the  cirilixcd  world,  beyond  which  even  the  boldest  never  dared  to  nil.  No  single* 
illustration  of  it  can  reveal  iu  many  characteristics  It  rise*  on  one  »ido  almost  perpendicularly  from  the  wave*  to  the  height  of  1300  feet.  It  t*  three  miles  long  and  about  half  a  mile  wide. 
Protn  some  positions  it  rtarmblcia  gigantic  lion  douching  by  the  »ca  aud  guarding  thus  the  entrance  to  the  Mediterranean.  Juat  opposite  '.hi*  on  the  African  coast  is  a  mountain  very 
similar  in  situation  anti  appearance  to  Gibraltar.  In  climbing  over  this  extraordinary  fortress  the  traveler  see*  a  great  number  of  half-natural,  half-artificial  cavern*  or  galleries,  designed  to 
serve  ns  places  of  protection  during  a  bombardment.  Some  vegetation  covers  this  apparently  barren  rock,  and  frequently  the  mouth  of  a  cannon  grimly  protrude*  from  a  bed  of  flowers, 
Gibraltar  is  probably  imprcgoablc.  It  has  for  many  years  been  in  the  possession  of  the  English,  and  lias  resisted  every  effort  made  to  capture  it  or  ailenco  its  tremendous  batteries,  Tho 
fortress  is  continually  provisioned,  and  so  perfect  are  the  arrangements  for  a  water  supply,  that  nt  a  few  hound  uotice  it  can  he  put  into  a  condition  to  withstand  a  year-,  siege.  Although  this 
cliff  i.  almost  paved  with  British  cannon  and  surmounted  by  the  English  flag,  it  is  still  an  eloquent  memorial  of  the  Moors  The  name  ••  Gibraltar"  is  a  corruption  of  Arabic  words  meaning 
••The  Mountain  of  Tarek,"  lender  of  the  Moors  when  they  landed  in  Spain.  For  more  than  TOO  year*  it  was  held  by  them,  till  on  tho  fall  of  Grauadn,  in  1403,  they  were  expelled  to  Africa. 

313 


LISI10N,  PORTUGAL.  —  Lisbon  bus  been  well  culled  tbe  "  Sultana  of  the  Wo*t,"  for  its  situation  almost  rival*  that  of  Constantinople.  For  from  the  broad  and  •'littering;  Tagus  it  either 
rise*  on  u  series  of  high  bill*,  or  Ilea  in  indolent  repose  for  «ix  mile*  on  the  water'*  edge.  If  close  inspection  onlv  confirmed  the  picture  which  Lisbon  presents  nt  a  dutnnee.  Don  Lui» 
would  pouess  the  most  magniflrent  of  Europrnn  cupltnU.  Phillip  II  made  a  (•rent  mistake  iu  not  establishing  the  capital  of  hi*  empire  nl  Lisbon.  If  he  had  done  that,  Spuiu  uud  Portugal 
would  probnbly  bo  to-dny  n  prosperous  and  united  rculin.  Lisbon  would  then  bo  the  natural  sea  port  of  the  whole  Spanish  peninsula,  for  the  mighty  river  Tagus,  which  ha*  it*  outlet  here, 
uctuully  extends  Inland  for  hundreds  of  mile*  into  the  very  heart  of  S|xuin,  like  a  great  arm  to  gather  up  it*  wealth  und  bring  it  to  the  Atlanta-,  to  be  thence  carried  out  to  Europe,  India, 
the  United  States  or  llrar.il.  There  are  some  handsome  street*  and  square*  iu  Lisbon,  particularly  prominent  among  them  lining  the  Place  of  Commerce,  which  i»  surrounded  by  the 
Exchange,  the  Custom  House,  the  Treasury  and  other  public  buildings,  together  with  n  line  of  open  arcades,  where  merchant*  gather  in  great  numbers.  On  one  »ide  this  great  square 
look*  out  upon  the  river  Tagus.  The  commerce  of  Lisbon  ha*  fallen  off  greatly  since  Portugal  lost  Ilrnrll,  the  brightest  jewel  iu  her  rrown,  but  there  uiny  come  a  time,  if  tbe  Spanish 
peninsula  ever  is  united  und  well  governed,  when  it*  prosperity  will  again  he  worthy  of  its  once  splendid  promise  and  temporary  fulfillment. 

810 


OPOKTO,  POHTl’(iAI..  Oporto  non  once  llic  capital  of  Portugal  and  it  now  its  second  city,  yielding  only  to  I.islton  in  importance  Even  now  more  traffic  i»  curried  on  here  tlmn  at  the 
capital  iUolf.  It  l*  lienutifully  located  on  hi|jh  hltifTt  along  the  River  Douro,  which  here  roll*  downward  like  n  flood  of  ail v.  r  to  the  ten  live  toilet  away  Tile  approach  to  it  i»  imposing 
For  mile*  on  either  tide  arc  terraced  vineynrdt  glistening  in  the  tun,  reminding  one  of  the  liordert  of  the  Rhine,  for  thit  too  its  favorite  haunt  of  Bacchus  and  Oporto  it  the  emporium  of 
the  rich  “  Port  ”  wine  to  which  the  city  givet  it*  name.  Although  ita  street*  are  very  deep,  it  it  n  clean  and  attractive  place,  and  foreigner*  redding  here  *pcak  in  high  term*  of  |U 
agree, ddo  qualitie.  Many  English  Arms  are  oalahlithcd  in  Oporto,  and  their  immense  storehouse*  in  which  the  Port  wine  i*  kept  extend  for  a  considemble  distance  along  the  .pniyt 
Sp.uining  the  DouM,  and  looking  in  the  distance  like  a  thread  of  gownincr.  is  a  light  and  elegant  suspension  bridge  ronneeting  Oporto  with  a  suburb  on  the  opposite  bank.  Superbly 
situated  cities,  like  Lisbon  and  Oporto,  remind  u*  of  tlie  time  when  gallant  fleet*  tailed  out  from  them  upon  their  path*  of  conquest  an<l  discovery,  in  those  day*  of  Portuguese  glory,  when 
the  King  of  France  wrote  in  jealousy  to  the  sovereign  of  Portugal  these  word*:  "Since  you  and  the  King  of  Spain  have  undertaken  to  divide  the  world  between  you,  will  you  kindly  show 
t„  me  a  copy  of  the  will  of  our  Father  Adam,  which  make*  you  t  wo  the  heirs  of  all  hi*  property !  " 

817 


WINTER  RAI.ACE,  ST.  PETERSBURG,  RUSSIA.— This  magnificent  abode  of  tlu  Czar  is  a  most  imposing  structure  extending  on  on.  side  for  a  long  distance  beside  the  river  Neva,  and 
on  tlio  other  facing  an  enormous  sijuarc  adorned  with «  lofty  monolithic  almft,  known  as  the  Alexander  Column.  The  wall*  of  tins  Palace  have  the  great  defect  of  being  covered  with 
stucco,  and  hence  in  the  Springtime,  when  St.  Petersburg  is  emerging  from  the  Winter’s  frosts,  this  Imperial  residence  often  presents  a  dilapidated  appearance.  Nevertheless,  its  vast  site 
and  admirable  situation  make  it  exceedingly  impressivo,  ami  many  of  its  halls  and  rooms  arc  furnished  with  great  magnificence.  It  was  in  this  palace  that  the  late  Czar,  Alexander  II, 
narrowly  escaped  death  by  tlio  blowing  up  of  the  Imperial  dining-room,  just  before  he  entered  it;  and  here  it  was,  in  less  than  a  year  after  that  attempt,  that  he  expired,  having  been 
brought  hither  from  the  neighboring  street  in  which  the  bombs  of  Nihilists  had  horribly  mangled  his  body.  No  one  can  look  upon  this  Wiutcr  Palace,  and  then  turn  to  survey  the  mighty 
citv  around  It,  without  admiring  the  indomitable  will  and  courage  of  Peter  the  Great,  who  chose  this  inurshy  hank  of  the  Neva  for  his  capital,  and  limit  it  lu-re  in  spite  of  all  the  obstacles 
which  man  and  Nature  placed  in  his  path.  Yes,  when  wo  look  upon  the  subjugated  river,  Neva,  sweeping  along  in  majesty,  yet  curbed  by  twenty  miles  of  granite  quays,  and  when  we 
admire  St.  Petersburg's  imposing  palaces,  its  granite  monoliths,  its  churches  built  of  marble,  bronze  and  gold,  uud  its  broad  avenues  where  hundreds  can  march  abreast,  we  realize  that  it  is 
to  Peter  the  Great  that  nil  this  is  justly  attributable,  ami  wo  feel  thnt  it  is  most  appropriate  that  this  great  capital  should  bear  the  name  of  its  creator. 


810 


TUB  PKTROWSKI  PALACE,  MOSCOW,  RUSSIA.  -A  little  outside  of  the  city  limit*  i«  tin*  fnrnou*  Palace,  built  by  the  Empress  Elizabeth  more  limn  a  century  ago,  but  now  used  freely 
»“  o  pleasure-resort  by  mntiy  of  the  Muscovites,  who  mine  here  in  crowd*  to  attend  the  little  •ummor  theatre  in  the  garden,  to  drink  tea  in  the  open  air,  and  to  emuie  themtelvc*  socially  in  the 
long  lowcly  •ummor  evening*,  which  are  to  characteristic  of  thoic  Northern  binds,  und  which  in  some  degree  atone  for  their  lack  of  daylight  in  the  winters.  This  Palarc  is  historically 
interesting  from  the  fact  that  Napoleon  took  refuge  hero  in  1813  from  the  flames  and  fire-brand*  of  burning  Moscow.  One  seems  to  see  here,  therefore,  now  at  every  turn  the  face  of  tho 
amazed  and  disappointed  Emperor,  already  half  anticipating  his  disastrous  retreat,  and  seeing  in  that  lurid  glare  of  Russia’*  burning  capital  an  obscuration  of  hi*  star  of  Destiny.  To  the 
Russians  the  great  disaster*  of  the  French  in  1813  seem  the  result  of  a  direct  intervention  of  Providence  in  their  behalf,  and  the  most  magriiflecnt  church  in  Moscow,  the  Cathedral  of  the 
Savior,  wa*  erected  in  gratitude  for  those  events.  But  ut  present  the  Russians  who  assemble  in  the  ground*  or  the  Pctrowskl  Palace  cherish  no  hard  feelings  against  the  Fr.  nch,  and 
certainly  the  French  cheer  and  admire  everything  that  is  Russian,  Bygones  have  become  bygones,  and  the  two  nation*  are  apparently  united  in  a  lasting  friendship. 

331 


TUB  KItKMLIN,  MOSCOW  —The  Holy  l.'ity  of  Russia  In  *  in  the  form  of  two  circle*,  one  within  the  other.  Roth  nre  surrounded  by  wall*  of  fortification,  and  both  represent  successive 
period*  of  Moscow'*  growth.  The  inner  circle,  or  core,  of  the  Czar's  capital  i«  the  far-famed  Krtmliu  of  Moscow.  It  is  n  citadel,  or  fortified  enclosure,  containing  the  Imperial  Palace,  the 
Treasury,  the  Arsenal  and  many  of  the  mmt  revered  and  ancient  temple*  in  the  Empire.  Their  lofty  spire*  mid  gilded  dome*  produce  u  wonderful  effect,  enhanced  by  the  vivid  color* 
of  their  roof*,  cupolas  and  walls,  which  form  o  glittering  expanse  of  red,  white,  green,  gold  and  silver.  Originally  thi*  Kremlin,  like  the  Acropolis  of  Athens  wa»  surrounded  by  stout 
wall*  of  oak,  anil  in  the  center  of  this  strong  enclosure  lived  the  Cair,  surrounded  by  his  relative*  and  nobles.  More  than  100  year*  ngo,  however,  the  wooden  wall*  gave  place  to  stoue 
ones,  in  order  that  the  Tartars  might  be  more  successfully  resisted.  Again  and  again,  under  successive  shocks  of  war,  have  those  old  ramparts  been  injured  nnd  rebuilt;  but  in 
form  they  have  always  remained  substantially  the  Mine  You  can  hardly  imagine  anything  more  picturesque  and  suggestive  of  past  conflict*  with  barbarian*  than  thi*  grand,  mu*ive 
nnd  formerly  impregnable  circuit  of  the  Kremlin,  with  parapet*  sixty  feet  in  height,  all  loop-holed  for  the  discharge  of  weapon*  at  the  advancing  foe,  and  with  it*  watch  towers  rising 
thus  at  frequent  interval* 

895 


Ill 

il  ill  s!i 

III 

I®!}: 


III 

mm  if 

ill!!!?!} 


CONSTANTINOPLE  \NI)  THE  BOSPHORl's,  Tl'BKEY.— If  then-  In-  one  city  in  the  world  whose  site  combines  in  absolute  perfection,  beauty  nnii  utility,  nml  whirl*,  while  pu  limit 
with  loveliness,  hold*  the  most  enviuhle  locution  on  the  globe.  it  la  beyond  n doubt  Conitaiilinojilt,  the  fnvoritcof  Destiny,  enthroned  upon  the  threshold  of  two  continents,  mid  well  named 
the  '•  Snltnn’*  Paradin'."  How  mulchlens  i*  ita  lituiitinu !  Here  Europe  nml  A»in  advnneu  nod  garc  into  each  other'*  eyea.  Between  them  aperd  tlmt  ocenn  current  called  tin-  Bosphorus, 
which  »weep«  along  in  majesty  for  lifteeu  mile*,  connecting  the  Black  Sen  nnd  the  Sen  of  Marmora.  It  i*  the  moat  »i  cure  nod  capacious  harbor  that  ever  opened  ita  howmi  to  the  oavio*  of 
the  world,  nnd  lies  here  like  n  limlge  of  Inpia  In/.uli  uniting  thu*  the  Orient  nnd  the  Occident,  The  oldest  part  of  Constantinople.  called  Stoiiiboul,  i*  n  gracefully  rounded  promontory, 
the  extremity  of  which  ia  known  n*  “  Seraglio  Point  "  On  one  aide  of  this,  nnd  nt  right  angles  to  the  Bosphorus,  is  a  glittering  arm  of  the  sen  hearing  the  title  of  the  "  Golden  Horn  ” 
Just  ns  the  B'wphonn divides  two  continents,  so  docs  the  Golden  Horn  aepnmto  Constantinople  into  two  great  sections,  the  Turkish  (SUunboul)  and  the  European  itinlntn  nnd  Pern).  The 
grneml  view  of  this  c-apitnl  of  the  Snltnn  ia  one  of  the  moat  remarkable  and  beautiful  that  thia  world  rnn  oiler.  For  aside  from  the  exquisite  contour  of  its  wave-washed  show*,  one 
looks  upon  n  marvelous  perspective  of  many-colored  hou*c*,  mnrhle  mosques  and  palace*,  bc*idr*  numerous  graceful  milinrvts  which  cut  llieir  outline*  on  the  clear,  blue  «ky,  like  columns 
of  polished  ivory. 


IMI’KItlAI.  1’AI.AC'K  OF  HBYI.KUBKY,  OX  THK  HOSIMIOKl'S.  1TUKKY  It  is  ditRculs  to  iiiiujfine  anything  more  charming  Hum  the  scener*  along  tin-  Rophoru*.  where  the 
opposite  hunk*  of  Kurope  and  A«m  for  fifteen  mile* cnipicllithly  udvanee  towards  each  other  mill  thru  retreat,  in  n  delight  hit  series  of  undulating.  wooded  hill*  Thcw  liradhinds  ol  the 
two  ({rent  continent*  are  ut  tune*  so  near  to  each  other  that  a  person  *tunding  on  one  »hle  of  the  ll<<*phoru*  can  make  lnm»elf  heard  hy  anyone  on  the  opposite  linuk  Moieovi  r  the •  . 
winding  shores  are  lined  with  a  constant  succession  of  village*.  pavilion*,  tmoques  and  palace*,  end  unarm  d  often  in  luxuriant  foliage.  From  almost  liny  of  tlirae  plarr*  the  view*  of  the 
other  shore  anil  of  the  Ilotphoru*  itself  studded  with  snowy  sails nrv  of  great  loveliness.  Here  also  are  -everal  charming  plea»ure -resort*  lor  the  people  of  Coustiinlinople,  unions  whiili  are 
the  “Sweet  Waters"  of  Kurope  and  Asia.  On  one  prominent  promontory  i«  the  ndmimblu  Amerleuti  rclmol.  Rnlieit  College,  which  give*  a  thorough  education  to  mart  than  200  student* 
There  are  several  palace*  ami  villa*  of  the  Sultan  along  the  Bosphorus,  one  of  which  is  represented  in  thi*  illu*lr..l>nn.  This  palace  of  Iteylerhey  is  u*cd  chi*  fl v  as  a  •nniincr  residence,  or 
n*  an  elegantly  furnished  dwelling  to  be  placed  at  the  disposal  of  any  royal  gne»ts  of  the  Turkish  Sovereign,  The  little  low  n  about  it  nu*  under  the  Byuntine  Kmpi  mr»  distinguishes!  In 
the  sire  and  splendor  of  ita  edifices.  For  every  portion  of  both  side*  of  the  II  ■•pboru*  i*  histoiic  ground,  and  it  i*  still  emplintiailly  true  that  "  Birth  Imth  no  fairer  sight  to  show.  Than  this 
blue  stmit.  whose  water*  flow,  Bordered  with  vineynrils.  viimmer  boner*,  While  palaces  and  ivied  towers  " 

331 


MOSQUE  OK  SULTAN  ACIIMKT,  CONSTANTINOPLE.  TURKEY  —  Ow  of  the  grandwt  Mo.^uw  Id  Con.tnntlnoplc  >.  thi..  ■ ircicd  about  1SIA  A.  D.  by  Sultan  Acbmct  It  >»  the  only 
Moviiip  in  tin-  world  whirl.  batata  ininairi*.  nil  the  other*  having  usually  two  or  four  There  minaret*  are  of  great  being  entirely  .  .-n,,. ...  .1  ..I  purr  *lnt>  marble.  and  i  n.  irelel 

.Iptured  balconle*  which  appear  to  the  fancy  at  a  dlataacr  like  jeweled  ring*  bet  rot  blog  earth  anil  heaven.  The*#  minaret*  arr  nut  intruded  merely  for  ornament.  They 

..  .  -i...  punctual  ii»n  figure  moved  by  clock-work,  on  every  *uch  minaret  in  the  city  appear*  the  Muraio,  or  Mohammedan  cnllcr  to  prayer  lie  chant*  out 

••  God  i»  great  There  i.  but  one  God  Mahomet  i.  the  Prophet  of  God  Come  to  prayer  Toward*  the  four  point*  of  the  compa**  ..re  the*e 

who  of  aoinc  more  di*innt  voice.  Thi*  Mnwjuo  la  the  .ceneof  the  grnndcat  ccremonlw  of  Mam.  and  al*o  ..f  many  of  Hie  Court  proccMion*  The 

a, tended  by  hi*  entire  .iiitr.  particularly  at  the  fc.livnl  of  the  Prophet'*  birth.  Then  the  Sultan  and  all  the  member*  of  hi*  Court  appear  ' 


with  ocveml  llncly 

are  continually  u*ed.  Five  time*  a  <! 
upon  the  air  the  ancred  formula  of  I. 
word*  directed;  then  all  i»  allll.  *nvc 
Sultan  often  come*  here  on  Slut. 


great  iplcndor.  1 
where  nil  the  Sultan'*  decree*  ("  Firman*”) 
tlmn  tin*  Imperial  gift  of  Sultan  Achtnct. 


or  of  tin*  Mo».pie  i»  mognifleently  dceomted  with  lofty  column*.  eaipiitlte  inooai.  *  mil  a  hundaomc  marble  pulpit.  On  "nr  ' 
read  aloud.  All  Moiquca  in  Statnboul  have  *ome  remarkable  iiltmelion*.  peculiar  to  theintclve*.  but  n 


of  thi*  wered  edifice 
n  the  whole  inor. 


balcony. 

intereding 


M0DK11N  ATHENS,  GREECE.  The  rank  which  nation*  lmve  acquired  in  history  is  not  dependent  oil  their  *i*c  Greece  wn*  tlic  smallest  of  nil  European  countries  Vet  in  the  light  of 
the  stupendous  itifliienci)  exerted  hy  u  few  Athenian*  in  the  day*  of  Phidias,  China'*  four  hundred  million)  »eem  like  shadows  cull  liy  moving  cloud*.  The  debt  which  the  world  owe*  to 
Greece  in  gcucral  and  to  Athcn*  in  particular  i»  beyond  computation.  Her  language,  her  literature,  her  temple*,  her  itntue*,  together  with  her  philosophers,  orator*,  historians,  statesmen 
iiihI  heron*,  kindle  the  wml  to-day  with  the  inspiration  of  true  geniut.  immortally  associated  with  *uch  name*  a*  Soenitc*.  Plato,  Pericles,  Aristotle,  Herodntu*,  Drtnoathsnca,  Phidias  and 
Xenophon  If  most  of  her  art- treasure*  had  not  lieen  carried  awoy  from  Greece,  first  to  embellish  Koine,  and  finally  to  fill  the  various  museums  of  the  world,  Athens  would  be  now  annually  visited 
In  thousand*  instead  of  hundreds.  Nevertheless,  its  Acropolis  i»  slid  here,  together  with  tunny  of  it*  ruined  shrines  and  numerous  sites  of  classic  and  historic  Interest.  The  modern  and  the 
nnrient  parts  of  the  city  arc  in  clow  proximity,  and  therefore  one  enjoy*  modern  luxuries  nud  comfort*  in  full  view  of  some  grand  memorial*  of  the  past.  The  pulaec  of  the  present  able 
sovereign,  George  I  (ton  of  the  King  of  Denmark)  aland*  ouly  a  few  hundred  yards  from  the  Acropolis,  and  from  the  window*  of  our  hotel  we  may  look  oil  on  tho  classic  mountains  of 
Hsmettus,  Pontelicu*  (where  were  the  quarries  of  Pentelic  murble).  and  Eycnhcttus,  the ouo  displayed  in  the  illuitnilion,  A  churning  blending  this  of  old  and  new!  For  though  the 
at, eel*  are  modern,  tlioir  names  upon  the  corner*  are  traced  in  the  same  character*  which  Socrates  pronounced  and  Plato  wrote, 

33fl 


TIIK  PARTHENON.  ATHENS  — The  glory  of  Athens  wu.  tho  hill  called  the  Acropolis.  which  rose  four  linn  tire.  I  feet  above  the  town,  covered  with  wonderful  tempi™  and  statue*  nnd 
the  oapreiol  glory  of  the  Acropolis  was  the  Parthenon.  T..  till.  ascended  from  the  eity  n  marble  stairway  mty-two  feet  in  braid tb.  entirely  compuic.1  of  marble  and  adorned  with  .ut.ies 
the  mutilated  remulaa  of  which  we  revere-  to-day  in  the  art  galleries  of  Europe.  The  Parthenon  itself  i.n  matchless  edifice-  even  in  "•  ruin.  No  photographic  view  can  do  it  JU»tlcc,  for 
ita  marble  column*  urc  somewhat  weather-stained  and  look  in  the  Illustration  ua  if  they  were  dingy  and  dark  like  the  tool-covered  building,  of  London  Hut  thi»  i»  not  *>.  The 
discoloration*  «rr  an  light  a*  to  be  Imrdly  blemishes;  while  the  general  appearance-  of  the  building  is  one  of  .nowy  whitened  Thin  temple  stood  here  comparatively  unchanged  in  it» 
unrivaled  beauty,  until  two  centime,  ago.  Hut  iu  10T0.  during  a  bombardment  of  the  city,  a  .hell  exploded  in  tbi.  .brine,  where  hnd  been  roshly  stored  a  quantity  of  powder,  and  m.tnntly 
with  one  wild  roar,  a*  though  nature-  itself  were  shrieking  at  the  sacrilege,  the  Parthenon  was  ruined  !  Column*  on  cither  side  wen-  blown  to  atom*,  levering  the  front  of  the  temple  from 
the  rear,  and  covering  the  whole  plateau  with  tnnrblc  fragme  nt,  mute  witnesses  of  counties  form*  of  beauty,  forever  lost  to  u*.  Happily,  however,  enough  of  this  Parthenon  remain,  to 
show  the  literal  per/rtlioi,  of  it*  masonry,  with  curve*  so  delicate  ns  to  be  Imrdly  perceptible  to  the  eye,  yet  true  to  the  1-  100th  part  of  nn  Inch,  and  showing  alike  the  spendid  genius  of  tho 
architect  and  the  wonderful  skill  of  the  workmen. 


387 


TIIK  1'IHAEl'S,  A  I'll K NS.  GREECE  —  No  traveler  who  Inis  the  lead  admiration  for  chiMienl  luiuciution*  cuu  im />■  ii|ion  tin*  port  of  Athen*  « it  hunt  profound  emotion.  It  did  o  r . .  it« 

uncicut  (linin'  of  cho  1'imcii*.  ami  on  tlioc  wave*.  which  arc  u»  blue to-day  a*  when  they  charmed  the  rye*  of  Soendc*  or  Xenophon.  Atheniuii  »liip«  once  rode  ut  anchor,  and  uiiiuy  a  dot 
lm<  *wepl  hence  into  the  .Kjfeuu  for  aume  ulonoii*  victory.  How  dninyo  it  mrin*,  on  landing  here,  to  read  upon  the  ‘hop*  and  corner*  of  the  .ti..t.  word*  iu  lllo.e  ..Id  Circ  le  chnrart. i- 
which  we  learned  in  boyhood!  It  nil  *wee|«  back  upon  u*.  The  modern  city  fade*  from  view,  anil  in  it*  place  the  traveler  *ees  the  *ehoo!-r»om  with  it*  row*  ol  well-worn  dc*k.  lie 
f.nl*  again  upon  hi*  chock  the  *timmer  breeze,  n»  it  came  iu  temptingly  through  the  open  window,  and  land  him  from  hi*  Greek  lexicon  to  tin  fair  Held*.  At  la»t  Xenophon'*  graphic  style  and 

Homer'*  matchlew.  . . in  l.a.ed  upon  reality.  Six  mile*  from  the  Pirucu*  i*  Allien*  itself,  and  in  the  clear  ntmo.phere  of  Attica  it*  fainou*  hill,  the  tcmple-erowned  Arrupoli*.  i*  plainly 

visible,  a*  are  it*  udjoining  mountain*.  I'eutelicu*.  Hymettu*  and  Lycabettu*  Interesting,  therefore,  a*  this  Athenian  harbor  i»  iu  »ouie  rc.pecU.  it  i*  only  a  doorway  to  gl..rir*  beyond, 
and  lifter  leaving  hi*  .tinnier  here  the  tourist  i»  eager  to  hasten  on  to  the  capital  itself,  thronged  with  Inspiring  memurn  •  and  dill  retaining  trace*  •>!  tho*e  work*  ..f  art  nhieh  have  made 

. . . rial  At  the  I’traeu*,  therefore,  one  justly  feel*  tliut  lie  i*  dan-ling  nil  the  thro. hold  of  one  of  the  most  iotrri-wl  inf  eotintrie*  in  the  world,  and  that  it  i»  all  before  him  to  enjoy, 

llr«»  iu  It.  gloriou*  historical  nuociation*,  second  in  the  excitement  of  nctual  sight-seeing,  and  ln»tly  lu  the  calmer  but  perpetual  pleasure  of  it.  retrospection. 

830 


CAIRO,  I.OOKINO  TOWARDS  TIIK  CITADEL. — Measured  by  the  vast  antiquity  possessed  by  many  Egyptian  inooumenta ami  cities,  Cniro  is  comparatively  modem,  although  it  bn* 
been  I  lit-  capital  of  Egypt  more  tlmn  one  thousand  your*.  When  the  foundation*  of  its  wulla  won?  being  laid,  the  planet  Mara,  which  the  Arab*  call  Kalnr.  or  "the  Victorian*,"  crowd  the 
meridian  of  the  now  city.  Accordingly  the  Caliph  colled  it  “  Kaliira,"  from  which  the  word  On'/w  U  derived.  In  1106  the  Citadel  (visible  in  this  illustration  and  elsewhere  described  i  was 
liuilt  liy  the  famuut  warrior.  Snladfn.  During  the  reigns  of  this  Caliph  and  many  of  his  successor*,  Cairo  was  beautifully  adorned  with  mosques,  polar c .  and  tombs,  which  even  in  their 
partial  ruin  at  the  present  time  are  striking  proofs  of  the  delicacy  and  grace  of  Saracenic  architecture.  Napoleon  I  left  here  some  trace*  of  his  puth  of  conquest,  for  in  17tiH,  after  the  Hattie 
of  the  Pyramids,  the  future  Emperor  of  the  French  established  his  headquarter*  nt  Cairo.  Cairo  is  the  largest  city  in  Africa,  and  the  second  city  in  the  n  hole  Turkish  empire  Its 
population  i'  about  400,000.  No  other  Oriental  city  oiler*  so  much  to  entertain  and  instruct  the  traveler.  Not  only  do  it*  street  scenes  afford  an  endless  fund  of  amusement  by  interpreting 
in  actiinl  life  the  stories  of  the  "Arabian  Night*,"  hut  close  beside  this  charming  capital  ore  the  oldest  relic*  of  human  workmanship  upon  the  surface  of  our  globe.  Thus  within  a  few 
mile*  of  Cairo  are  the  Pyramids,  the  Sphinx,  and  the  sites  of  some  of  the  oldest  cities  in  the  world,  Memphis  nud  Heliopolis.  Hryond  the  Nile,  and  in  full  view  from  the  platform  of 
the  Citadel,  i*  the  vast  Desert  of  Sahara,  extending  for  hundreds  of  miles  to  the  Westward ;  and  in  the  city  itself  is  a  marvelous  collection  of  souvenir*  of  the  day*  of  the  Puaraoh*.  Cairo  is 
also,  of  course,  the  starting  point  of  the  delightful  journey  up  the  Nile  iu  steamer*  or  in  privnte  boats. 

841 


THE  CITADEL,  CAIRO.  EGYPT.— Fur  above  most  of  the mosques  ami  dwellings  of  Egypt's  fascinating  capital  is  a  massive  fortress  built  in  1108  on  a  hill  commanding  a  magnificent  view 
uot  only  of  the  entire  city,  but  of  the  Nile,  the  Desert,  the  Pyramids  and  the  Sphinx.  It  was  largely  constructed  out  of  stone*  taken  from  some  of  the  Pyramids.  Close  by  it  the  ■  Alabaster 
Mosque"  of  Mahomet  All,  the  founder  of  the  present  Egyptian  dynasty.  Its  well  proportioned  domes  rest  lightly  one  upon  another,  like  beautifully  rounded  clouds,  while  its  slender 
mnrtilo  mionrets  rise  into  the  blue  air,  looking,  when  tinged  with  the  glow  of  sunrise  or  of  sunset,  like  silver  lances  tipped  with  points  of  gold  Gloomy  memories  haunt  that  Cnireno 
Citadel.  There  in  181 1  occurred  the  massacre  of  the  Mamelukes  by  order  of  Mahomet  Ali,  who  wished  to  he  rid  of  these  political  enemies  He  invited  them  to  a  banquet  in  that  fortress, 
and  they  came,  magnificently  uttired,  to  the  nuinlic'  of  470  men.  Hardly  hud  they  entered  the  courtyard  of  the  citadel,  when  the  gates  were  closed  liehiud  them,  and  a  murderous  fire  was 
opened  ou  thorn  by  the  Viceroy's  troops,  who  suddenly  appeared  ujion  the  walls.  Unable  alike  to  defend  themselves  or  to  escape,  they  fell  in  one  red,  writhing  mass,  with  the  cirrption  of  one 
man.  who,  spurring  hi*  horse  over  the  weltering  bodies  of  hi*  comrades,  forced  him  to  lesp  on  sod  over  the  parapet  to  the  plain  below  It  was  a  fearful  dislaocc.  One  moment  he  was  in 
mid-air-  the  next  he  was  freeing  himself  from  hi*  mangled  steed  amid  a  shower  of  bullets  Yet  ho  escaped,  os  if  by  miracle,  into  the  adjacent  desert,  tbe  only  one  preserved  of  ail 
that  brilliant  bund. 


343 


THE  EZHEKIYEIl  AND  STREET  SCENE,  CAIRO,  EGYPT 
the  independent  Mumeluke  sovereign*  of  Egypt  in  the  hut  purl  of 
and  abounding  in  luxuriant  semi  tropical  vegetation.  Around 
wealthy  foreigner*.  During  the  winter  nn  Egyptian  hand  plays  in 
gnrdcus  here  lire  illuminated  with  thousand*  of  gas  light*  and  the 
are  beginning  to  send  their  wives  and  daughters  here  (of  cour 
have  made  of  Cairo  a  delightful  winter-resort.  The  street*  in  the 
comfortable.  Yet  within  five  minute*'  walk  from  any  «ach  ktirrau 
miles  removed  from  all  that  would  suggest  European  el  vibration, 
almost  Inconceivably  remote  antiquity,  make  Egypt  ut  once  the  mi 


",  “  -rr  "in"°  i”  “•*  *,,n  *  '"»«  e™«»i  »i...  „t 

tha  «flw.uih  century.  In  ( l.v  center  of  tin.  ■  .|..-n  nrr  , .cAuiif.il  plounuro  ground*  mr.r.ng  „„  mcof  

*"  “*  ,n"dl''"  «“•“  to  Including  hold.,  mbs  Immune 

. . .  ",r,T  ""  *■'».!,,  nn. I  FrUn,  , llm  Chri.ti.n  .ml  the  Mod™  Snbb.tl„|  <bu 

™“l  “ »»'>  Euro,, cm,.  .cm..!  to  frequent  lb,-  ,.„k  of  thu  Erbckijch.  b„i  of  Into  ,\„b. 

nIUHr  voilnil)  to  enjoy  the  mo . ml  tlto  Bower,  Tbi.  gnr.lcn  i,  .nog,,,  proof  of  how  ,1m  recent  Khedive.  of  Envoi 

foreign  quarter  ore  brood,  .month  .ud  olonn.  The,  ore  d.o  lighi.nl  b,  u.b  .ml  tbr  hot.*  >n  ('.bo  .oil  kept  nod 
,dmg.  one  m.,  plunge  inio  .qonre  mile.  »f  Amble  mo., Iw  dwelling.  ,ml  to,  .b.re  he  I.  npf.reotly  ono  thourend 
Ins  combination  of  tbr  Orient  anil  the  Occident ;  this  blending  of  modem  comfort*  with  the  stupendous  souvenirs  of  an 
ut  mysterious  and  fascinnting  country  on  our  globe. 

IMS 


IIAIOUdt  <IF  Al.KX  VNDKIA.  KDYPT  Tin  const  of  Egypt  is  «•••»  iwrtlcutnrls  striking  in  one approaches  u  N-  lull*  •  •  •  ••  ibnv*  >is-aody  shore  tin  light  li-.use  at 

Alexandria  seem*  in  contcqucnce unusually  lofty,  unil  recall-  to  u-  the  ancient  I’baros  of  this  port,  which  was  reckoned  .»  one  of  th«  ••  *■  n  wonder*  the  world,  and  from  the  top  of  which 
the  lire  kept  burning  constantly  at  night  could  he  seen  mile-  away  at  sen.  ThU  harbor  i*  usually  filled  with  it  multitude  of  ships  and  -t.  nm  r.,  -me*  this  i»  not  mcitlv  the  great  seaport  i  t 

Kgypt,  hut  un  impurtiiiit  city  in  itself,  through  which  Egyptian  exports  (hid  their  principal  outlet  Of  thine  Hie  . . I  important  ire  i-nnon  nmi  ■  ■.Itun-ved.  wheat,  collce.  elephants'  tusk' 

ostrich  feathers  iiutl  motherof-pnnrl.  Itcgular  steamboat  services  und  tw  o  telegraphic  cnbloa connect  Alexandria  w  ith  Kumpi-.  while  railroad-  and  the  telegraph  place  it  in  clo»e  communication 
with  the  whole  of  Egypt  Something  of  the  maritime  trullie  of  this  city  has  declined  since  the  opening  of  the  Site/  Cinnl  and  the  prominence  given  to  Port  Said  at  its  junction  with  the 
Mcditcrrnni  an :  hut  Alexandria  even  now  contains  a  population  of  '.>(10,000,  and  80.000  Kurop.  au  residents  here  prove  the  .  mniuen  ial  value  of  this  portal  of  the  country  of  the  Nib 


PALACE  AND  IIAHKM.  AI.KN  WDHIA.  EGYPT.  —A  German  port  linoaid  thnt  Alexandria  resembles  mi  orphan  child  who  ho*  inherited  from  hi*  ftitlx  r  nothin”  hot  hianomo  In  fact, 
nlniiiM  in. linn-  of  ila  ancient  glory  i»  now  visible  Even  it»  Oliclitk*,  popularly  known  na  Cleopatra''.  Needle*,  have  within  the  Inat  few  year*  been  curried  thence  to  London  and  New  York 
Some  wealthy  rcaident*  from  varion*  part*  of  the  world  (till  make  Alexandria  their  home,  and  oevu»ioually  we  *ee  there  the  altodc  of  a  I'ndio,  wli..*i-  high  walla  and  lattice  window*  hint  «.f 
the  l.emity  which  may  there  be  concealed  Few  citie.  in  the  world,  however,  have  occupied  to  couaplcuout  n  place  in  hiitnry  in  ancient  Alexandria  Founded  and  named  after 
himtelf  In  Alexander  the  Great.  IMS  II  C  .  It  Iteraine  the  granted  center  of  couimeree  on  the  Mediterranean.  the  principal  neat  of  (ire.  inn  lenrmng.  the  place  where  St  M  irk  lirat  pr..<  l.imcd 
the  Uoapcl.  mid  flmilly  n  prominent  stronghold  of  Chri«tinuity.  It  i«  nlio  the  half  way  limiw  to  India,  the  door-way  of  Egypt,  and  the  Kate  of  the  lied  Sen.  The  Alexandrian  School  wiiamie 
of  the  moat  remarkable  ilmt  ha*  ever  exided  Among  it*  scholar*  wore  Strain,  the  geographer,  llipparchiia  mid  Ptolemy,  the  aatronomcra ;  Arvhimedi •,  the  nieeliiiniciun.  mid  Euclid,  the 
inathemnt Irian  It*  famoin  library,  when  it  wa»  burned  in  I'nwar**  time,  numbered  about  000,000  volume*!  Here  It  wax  that  the  Old  Ti-» lament  *»  traii.Utcd  (Mm  Hebrew  into  Orvek; 
mill  thi*  once  brnilliful  city  ha*  beheld  the  rvvolrio*  of  Antony  and  Cleopatra,  and  the  murder  of  Hypatia.  It  uow  ha*  a  population  of  about  200.000,  of  whom  50.000  are  European*. 
Uni  it%  glory  lina  departed,  and  though  it  i»  *till  intonating  a*  a  eo*innpolitaii  city  and  n  commercial  metropolis  the  traveler  feel*  that  it  U  non  only  an  iulroiiuclion  to  glortv  beyond 
nml  i»  eager  to  iidvnme  inland  to  the  ruin*  of  old  Egypt,  and  to  "Cairo,  the  Magnificent  " 


351 


THE  MAUMt'DIYAII  CANAL,  E(iYI*T  l’hi*  grant  work  wu  constructed  by  thr  famous  Viceroy  of  Kitypt.  Mob,. mm, -.1  Ah.  in  1810  Hi*  intention  was  to  connect  tin,,  the  city  of 

Alcsandria  with  In . vii.l  the  Delta  of  the  Nil,,  uniat  the  wine  lime  to  ■upply  tne  former  .it>  with  Nile  wale  lie  .in.  reded,  but  at  a  fearful  i  .wt  .if  human  lif.  ||.  forced  *50  OOu 

of  the  penwnt.  of  Egypt  to  work  here  like  gallcy»luv«  v  nml  20,000  of  them  nrv  olid  to  have  perished  from  exposure  and  inhuman  treatment.  The  coal  of  the  cinal  in  money  « a.  about  one 
and  a  half  million  ilollara.  This  artificial  river  i<  wide  and  deep  enough  to  he  traveled  by  barges  and  amall  steamers,  and  where  it  receive*  it*  "ipply  of  water  from  a  branch  of  the  Nile 
it*  bank.  are  lined  withaolid  brirh  moaoury  There  an-  alio  four  engine*,  of  100  hone-power  c«eh.  which  give  an  impetu*  to  the  water  wu  to  make  it  flow  toward*  Alexandria.  The 
eonatruclion  of  this  .  anal  ha*  been  of  imim-n.e  hetieflt  to  Egypt.  When-v.-r  the  waters  of  the  Nile  are  carried,  there  ran  bo  found  life  and  fertility.  Beyond  the  reach  of  its  wuve* 
lie.  the  region  of  Death  the  I>e*crl.  The  great  occupation  of  the  people,  therefore,  i*  now.  a*  it  w,u  thousands  of  year*  ago.  irrigation.  Only  bring  the  water  to  the  land  in  the  «< 
when  the  river  doe*  not  overflow  it*  hank*,  and  the  Nile  will  make  it  glow  with  beauty  and  fertility  What  a  marvelous  river,  therefore,  i*  this  I  Hemmed  in  on  thr  rut  and  w 
l.y  scorching  deserts  it  nevertheless  rescue*  from  their  withering  grasp  the  two  long  .trip*  of  territory  on  either  hank,  which  formed  the  murvelou*  Egypt  of  anti.piity,  and  constitute  the 
Egypt  of  to-day. 


ie  seasons. 


THE  PYRAMIDS  AND  SPHINX,  EGYPT  -No  photographic  view  iloca  justice  to  the  Egyptian  Pyramid*.  Nothing  else  of  human  workmanship  is  quite  *o  imprruive  as  thc*r  stupendous 
mu,,*,  „f  »tone.  The  height  <>f  the  greet  pyramid.  Cheops,  *hown  in  illustration,  is  483  feet,  or  twelve  feel  higher  tlmn  the  eru-t.  which  s|mrklc»  on  the  dome  of  St.  Peter  •  at  Rome.  If. 
therefore,  that  pyramid  were  hollow,  instead  of  being  almoat  entirely  solid,  the  whole  cathedral  of  St  Peter's  (dome,  cross  nod  all)  could  be  contained  within  it,  like  nn  ornament  in  u  gins, 
raao  It  covered  originally  thirteen  acre,  though  it  has  been  reduced  to  eleven  ucrc*  by  the  spoliation  which  went  on  here  for  centuries  Each  of  its  four  side,  measured  at  the  base  Tt» 
feet  Think  of  citfhtytlvc  million  cubic  feet  of  nolid  masonry  piled  here  together  in  ono  pyramid  alone  with  such  accuracy  that  astronomical  calculations  have  been  l«u.d  on  its  angles 
and  shadows!  Vastly  inferior  in  size  to  the  pyramids  but  surpassing  them  iu  antiquity  is  the  Sphinx,  a  monster  cut  out  of  n  natural  cliff  on  the  edge  of  n  descent,  and  partially  buried  in 
shining  drifts  of  sand.  Horribly  mutilated  though  it  be.  this  relic  of  Egyptian  antiquity  stands  solemn  and  silent  iu  the  presence  of  the  awful  desert,  symbol  of  eternity.  If  those  mighty 
llptcould  speak,  they  might  utter  the  words,  -Before  Abraham  was,  Intn!"  There  it  diiputoa  with  Time,  the  empire  of  the  post:  forever  guriog  on  and  on  into  a  future  which  will  still 
be  distant,  when  we.  like  all  the  millious  who  preceded  us  and  gued  upon  iU  face,  have  lived  our  little  lives  and  disappeared. 

855 


V\  FXl'E  OF  SPHINXES.  KAHNAK,  EGYPT.— Karnnk  is  the  most  stupendous  temple  ever  renred  by  mnn.  and  i.  to-day  one  of  the  most  amazing  rum.  winch  the  >un  behold*  m  nil  lt» 

. Kven  ilii*  approach  to  it  mint  hove  boon  overwhelming  In  it*  gmndeur.  It  wa>  an  avenue  nearly  two  mile.  Ion#,  nn.l  sisiy-ihrw  fed  wide,  bordered  by  buodrvd*  of  coIosm! 

Sphinxes,  the  fragments  of  which  .till  remain.  Nor  was  this  the  only  »uch  approach  to  Karnnk.  Ten  oilier.,  nlmo.t  a.  imposing.  have  been  traced  1  Four  thousand  year*  ago  »hu  n.rnue 
and  the  temple  to  which  it  led  were  in  their  glory.  The  arcliu-ologist,  Chnmpollion.  Im.  truly  said:  “The  imagination  .ink.  abashed  at  the  foot  of  Karnuk."  Such  a  temple  a.  thiv  i.  in 
it.  wav  nlmo.t  ...  mnrvolou.  and  awe-inspiring  a.  the  Pyramid,  them.elve.,  It  transcend,  all  our  previous  idea,  of  wlmt  had  been  either  probable  nr  possible.  The  ruin,  of  Karnnk  .c  m 
to  day  more  like  those  of  n  city  thnn  a  temple,  thrown  into  terrible  confusion  by  n  succession  of  earthquake  .hocks.  It  thrills  one  to  survey  this  chaos  of  upright  or  overturned  column, 
wall.,  gates  nnd  obelisk.,  and  to  realise  that  as  long  ago  as  the  time  of  Joseph,  magnificent  processions  of  Kings,  priests  and  worshipers  made  their  way  heiwcen  these  very  Sphinxes, 
now  headless  and  disfigured,  awed  by  the  grandeur  of  this  unrivaled  Vestibule. 


RUINS,  THEBES.  EGYPT  - 
iliu  ancient  world  whnt  Rome 
the  murvcl  of  the  world  mid  nttmct 
Vocal  Metnaon  "  of  antiquity  :  an 
In  Thebes  nl»o 


ir  thousand  Venn  ago  there  lay  upon  a  plain.  000  mile*  inland  from  the  V 

in  the  day*  of  Hadrian,  the  Egyptian  capital  of  Thebe.  It  -  abounded  in  magnificent  . 

rnvelets  from  every  quarter  of  Hie  globe.  Among  if  wonderful  feature-,  ‘till  in  . .  I 

the  overturned  statue  of  Romwc*  II.  which  wav  the  large!  figure  ever  made  by  n 
-pic  „f  Knrnak.  unsurpassed  in  grandeur,  as  well  a«  many  obel 


Mediterranean  and  rut  by  the  Nile  into  two  unequal  part*,  a  city  which  wot® 
».  datura  and  temples  that  their  very  ruin*  form  to-day 
I  reserved.  ore  the  two  colossi,  one  of  which  »n»  the  famous 

■  v.e.  ~  . .  did  block  of  beautifully  polished  done  weighing  000  tons! 

d.k*  of*"gr"ent"J»ize  and  beauty.  Homer  called  this  city  ••  Hundred  gated  TheWs."  but 
,  ii„n..ii  The  ■'  irate*  ”  referred  to  therefore,  nrv  supposed  to  have  liccu  the  splendid  entrances  to  the  many  temples 

. . . . . 

..nil.  .1...  .!»■  . . .  *.  -»>■»  w”-.  Z ........  *»*  *.  -«*» 

ability.  Standing  on  the  threshold 
lortality.  Of  nil  the  countries 

af  pre-hist. 

,f  Antiquity,  therefore.  Egypt  most cliarma  t 


of  the  plncc, 
t  the  work* 


•  of  which 
list  meted  hei 


.  mid  half 


z .....  „<  ** . . .  - . - 

. . . - . * . . . . . 


,  by  the  irresistible  attraction  of  undying  fame 


RX< TltSION  1IO.VTS  OX  TllK  NILK.  RUVIM'  -Tlicmiro  iwo  modes  of  travel  open  now  to  tho  voyager  on  the  Nile.  One  it  the  steamboat  journey,  « hieh  i»  expedition-,  comfortable 
■ml  i  oinparatlvrl)  inexpensive  The  other  it  n  voyage  on  one  of  the  Dahabcrnha.  or  private  boat*.  rrprctcnted  in  thia  illustration  Where  time  ami  money  an-  of  do  tprrinl  consideration, 
th-  Dnliabeeah  i*  of  course  irnieh  to  lie  preferred.  One  is  tlxia taLtaoluU-ly  Independent  of  ••schedule  time;  "  be  ran  linger  at  lone  as  bo  like*  at  certain  point*,  anil  ho  <  nn  ehoote  In-  own 
■'-•mpnnlona  a  moat  important  inn  tier  where  one  mint  otherwise  travel  for  weeks  with  stranger*  under  very  peculiar  circumstance*  anil  in  «  very  limited  area  The  traveler  who  hire-  at 
Cairn  one  of  these  limit-,  together  with  It-  crew,  is  for  the  time  the  master  of  a  floating  castle,  and  if  his  Dragoman  he  a  relinble  one,  and  his  subordinates  honest  and  obedient,  il  i>  almost 
impossible  to  imagine  a  more  delightful  way  in  whlrli  to  spend  weeks  and  even  months  than  on  the  -urfare  of  Ibi-  majestic  river,  in  the  inott  delicious  of  climates,  untroubled  lit  a  drop  of 
ram.  and  surrounded  by  the  grandest  ruins  of  antiquity  The  busy  and  exciting  Western  World  1.  left  lichind  and  almoat  forgotten,  a*  we  glide  day  after  day  along  thia  old  histone  avenue 
of  Egypt,  which  lends  us  back  amid  stupendous  templet  through  the  mirage  of  memory  and  imagination  to  the  great  dawn  of  human  hittory. 

803 


CAI'U  SI’AllTEI,,  TANGIER.  AFRICA  —The  distance  from  Gilirnlmrio  Tnngirr  m  Morocco  is  about  seventy  mile.  Tin*  strait  nl  (iil.mlUir,  like  tlm  channel  between  France  and  England. 
i>  almost  ulwuys  rough;  but  the  srvucry  along  the  two  confronting  const.  of  Europe  and  Africa  i.  moat  Imposing  Snow -.o».  reel  mountain.  ri»c  in  Africa  a*  well  a.  in  Spain.  Alone 
point  near  Tangier  •  promontory,  called  Capo  Spartel,  advance,  boldly  into  the  wave.  I’pon  lU  summit  glitters  in  the  uin  a  white-walled  lightli-mw  and  tower  of  nlwcrvation  From 
till,  the  view  of  the  ocean  i«  magnificent.  Tangier  itself  i»  a  most  melancholy  proof  of  the  degeneracy  of  that  cultivated  nur  which  built  the  Alhambra  at  Granada  and  ruled  in  Spain  fur 
.even  centurie.  It.  .trccta  arc  merely  narrow,  dirty  alley*.  There  arc  few.  il  any,  wheeled  vehicle*  there.  Apparently  the  .parkllng  channel  "hu  h  roll,  here  between  Spnin  and  Morocco 

prove,  mi  insurmountable  barrier  t«  the  advent  of  European  civllimtion  Yet  in  the  Governor'.  Palana  in  Tangier  there  ure  several  rusty  ke>.,  «utd  to  have . .  .  unlocked  the  doors  of 

Moorish  house,  in  Granada,  uud  therefore  held  by  the  desccndnnU  "f  the  exile*  of  four  hundred  years  ago  n>  pried.-. . ivenirs  of  their  oik  ■■  ghmou.  pii.t.  A  few  mil.  *  from  the  city  on  a 

high  plateau  are  the  residences  of  the  American  Minister,  various  foreign  Consuls  and  a  few  wealthy  European  merchant*.  The  view  from  these  dwelling,  resemble*  thi»  from  Cape  S|aitrl, 
nml  i«  not  only  beautiful,  but  thronged  with  those  historic  r 


which  make  the  elnssit  Mcditcrr 


rtrsting  sheet  of  water  on  the  globe. 


307 


CAMP  OF  A  CARAVAN  ON  THE  SAHARA  DESERT.— Few  traveler*  in  the  East  venture  out  upon  the  Desert,  nnd  yet  it  i»  neither  difficult  nor  dangerous  to  do  so  within  n  reasonable 
distance  of  either  Algeria,  Egypt  or  Palestine  In  any  case  the  experience  i*  unique  nnd  cun  never  he  forgotten.  You  tro  there  ut  once  transported  hack  to  the  days  of  the  Patriarchs.  You 
are  n  nomad,  a  Bedouin,  n  voyager  on  a  petrified  ocean  which  with  its  rolling  waves  of  sand  seems  to  have  been  suddenly  changed  from  a  state  of  activity  to  one  of  eternal  rest.  By  day  u 
journey  on  the  desert  means  u  perpetual  struggle  with  the  sun.  whose  heat  reflected  from  the  yellow  sand  seems  almost  unendurable.  But  at  night  the  fascination  of  the  desert's  silence, 
solitude  nnd  awful  sense  of  isolation  Tieutli  the  sparkling  stars  is  something  which  cun  hardly  he  imagined  until  actually  experienced.  A  veritable  ocean  the  mighty  desert  is.  It  has  the 
same  succession  of  limitless  horizons,  the  sama  drenry  monotony.  Caravans  glide  over  its  surface  like  gigantic  fleets,  When  n  party  of  Bedouins  onco  came  to  the  Mediterranean,  they 
inquired,  “  What  i»  this  J/trrl  »/  neater  f  "  There  is  a  wonderful  amount  of  romance  about  the  desert,  which  explains  the  charm  which  it  posirurs  for  the  sons  of  Ishmacl.  The  colors  of 
its  drifts  of  sand  are  glorious  in  the  glow  of  morning  anil  of  evening.  Its  wonderful  mirage  presents  to  view  from  time  to  time  such  regions  of  delight  a*  may  have  suggested  to  the  Prophet 
his  vision  of  the  Moslem's  Paradise.  While  ever  and  nnon  this  tremulous  horizon-picture  becomes  a  reality,  and  we  behold  the  beautiful,  mysterious  oasis,  a  place  of  palms  nnd  fountains,  u 
miracle  renewed  continually  and  justifying  the  exclamation  of  the  grateful  Arab,  "  God  is  great !  God  is  merciful ! " 

900 


CAPK  T(HVN.  SOU  TH  APKICA  — Tlii*  Capital  of  the  British  possessions  in  South  Africa,  lie* at  flic  foot  of  Tal.1i-  Mouutuin  on  the  »lior..  of  Table  Bay.  Ii  w*»  founded  I.,  n..  Ii  ,  .  I,  m 
10.10.  but  in  1  TO.,  wn  tnkcn.  together  with  the  colony,  by  the  Knglisli.  At  the  pence  of  Ainicnt  it  not  restored  to  the  Dutch,  but  i«  lWilt  it  was  once  more  taken  by  the  Koglidi  amt  h..« 

aline  rrnininnl  in  thrir  |n.». -Mion  The  tonn  is  «|inte  regularly  built .  the  houses  arc  of  good  tire nml  arc  mostly  of  bio -k  or  at generally  hating  a  veranda  in  front  Tin-  t..**n  .% 

exposed  tn  grent  bent,  facing  the  noon-day  »un.  and  backed  by  nnked  inminlniri».  The  Castle  is  on  the  right  aide  of  the  town  and  commands  the  anchorage  of  Table  Itny  Many  of  the 
piiblir  office*  of  the  Colony  lire  ivithiu  the  fortress  und  its  walls  also  contain  hnrrncka  holding  1,000  men.  Table  Hoy  is  capable  of  containing  a  grent  number  of  ships,  but  it  is  exposed 
to  a  very  heavy  swell  during  the  prevalence  of  the  westerly  winds  in  June,  July  and  August,  though  at  other  time*  it  affords  safe  anchorage.  An  observatory  bus  been  built  about  two  miles 
north  of  the  town  and  large  iron  buildings  have  beeu  erected  as  depots  for  mnl  to  supply  steam*  r*  touching  a'  Cape  Town  en  route  to  Australia.  Table  Mountain  at  the  bright  of  000 
feet  is  a  solid  mass  of  granite,  blit  after  ascending  000  feet  more  it  changes  to  red  sandstone.  Its  entire  height  is  8,307  feet  nliove  the  sea. 


ACROPOLIS  OF  HAALIiKK.  SYRIA.— The  ruin*  of  Baalbek  are  among  the  most  impolitic  in  the  world .  The  splendid  temple  of  the  Sun-God  rose  iu  magnificence  nt  the  extremity  of  a 
mountain-bordered  valley  rarely  surpassed  for  beauty  even  in  Syria.  Around  it  once  was  n  triumphant  capital,  (.’littering  with  palnecs  and  temple*  and  girded  with  luxuriant  garden*.  Hut 
with  that  strnngc  fatality  which  attend*  nil  Oriental  cities,  it  has  gone  down  iu  hopeless  ruin,  like  Tyre,  Siilon.  Babylon  and  Ephesus.  Six  solitnry  columns  sixty  feet  in  height,  fonn  the 
principal  remains  of  what  won  once  the  most  remnrkuble  of  Eastern  shrines,  built  probably  by  the  Homan  Eni|ieror,  Antoninus  Pin*.  Persians,  Greeks,  Romans,  Samuiis  and  Tartars  liavo 
despoiled  the  city  and  its  temples,  till  now  these  few  remaining  columns  seem  like  the  strings  of  n  broken  hnrp,  looking  mournfully  down  upon  this  plain,  so  eloquent  iu  it»  pathetic  silence. 
The  yellowish  stone  of  which  they  arc  composed  makes  them  particularly  beautiful  in  the  sunset  light.  Around  them  lie  many  similar  monolithic  shafts.  Near  by  is  a  smaller  and  lietter 
preserved  temple,  culled  the  Temple  of  the  Sun  VVhnt  a  pitiful  comment  is  it  on  humau  nature  that  modem  Turks  and  Arab*  have  destroyed  murb  of  the  exquisite  sculpture  of  these 
buildings,  and  have  caused  the  overthrow  of  many  of  their  columns  by  removing  the  iron  bauds  which,  though  concealed  from  view,  hod  for  centuries  protected  them  I  Ncvcrthelea*, 
enough  remains  of  Banlbek  to  reward  the  traveler  for  a  visit  (usually  made  on  returning  from  Damascus),  nnd  its  graceful  and  imposing  ruiu*  will  linger  evermore  within  hi* 
memory, 

37S 


.TKIU'SAI.EM  FHOM  Mur  XT  <)F  OLIVES.  I’AI.ICSTINK 
to  tin-  memory  ami  tin-  imagination,  tin-  intclln  t  uml  emotion* 


Tin-  rtr*t  glim | >*<  of  (Ik-  Holy  City  from  any  point  can  never  lie  forgotten.  No  *pot  on  earth  appeals  ut  once  so  powerfully 
Tht'  dt>*  ,,r  Al,r",'"l>'.  "I  l>(»v»-l.  ..r  Solomon.  ..I  Tin-  cits  nl-o  ol  Tilu-  and  the  Or,... .hr.  JU  one  ....  :.*  it... -I 

,.,,,01,0,,  the  old  ..tnttou.  m 0 mono,  of  «,l,  Joan  cnepion  oV,  ,t„.  tlnnloi.  .i.ilil  ||,„«,  lino.  „t  ,,11.  „„d  „,„o„  blu.iod  ...d  in. . .  .ml  ke  „„  1  ,l„ 

“rl>  l-OB-l"*  "'"I  . . -.  who,  tho,  It™  ft,  ,1iy  or  ,1,0  (tt.ro,  o,c,  m.ilcl  ko,.-  ...k  n,ml,li„s  ,»  ,ho  d.i.i,  ,.,„l  . . .  ,t,„.k 

. . .  '•  '“Pl'“i“"l  *  "«*>  "l»»  >  bill  "  lit*  Uinto  .1.1...  II  look . .  „„  .loop  ,.,i,„...  which  uk,  the  pta.o  ol  iiio.h'..  .ml  if  ||||,,|  „„|,  .„„|,| 

h  i,.*  rendered  Jen,., Ion.  „  |,„„l„.„l„  if  It  h„d  . . . . .  „„  ft.  r„„rth,  wftft,  ,ld„,  it  „„l,l  1*.,,,  I„...„  p^Wftll,  impicpwM,  to  o,ci„„  „„.,l„  „f 

t  „od  .,,,,,11. _  Jcrunlcm  b,.  ,1m.,.  keen  dclo.ido.l  h,  .  euroive  kell  ol  „„.o,„j.  It,  mil.  pnmtiroUv  rook-.  mnv  m,o  to  „p,l  Urn  U-lmir,.  (torn  ,ho 

«  prostrate  a*  the  nail*  of  .lerieho.  Nevcrthrlr**  they  (five  to  thi»  ancient  city  a  warlike,  ami  from  ionic  point* 
n  imposing  appearance.  Conspicuous  in  the  foreground  i.  the  Moslem  •  Mosque  of  Omar.”  elsewhere  illustrated  and  described. 

377 


Although  very  coin|uu 
desert  An  hour’s  tiring  from  modern  gnu*  would  make  then: 


Til K  CAUBKN  OK  (IB  I’HSKMANK,  PALKSTIXK.  At  the  bate  of  tbo  Mount  of  Olive*  i*  n  small  enclosure  surrounded  by  n  white- wiuki-d  wall.  It  is  the  reputed  Cnrdcn  of  Gethscmnnr. 
Tlte  Knuici*cnn  monk*  posses*  it  nnd  admit  nil  vititor*  to  it  with  courtesy.  There  nre  now  seven  venerable  Olive  tree*  in  the  enclosure,  whose  gnarled  and  aged  truuk*  give  proof  of  their 
great  antiquity  They  are  indeed  viid  to  be  the  very  one*  under  which  Je»u»  knelt  in  spiritual  anguish.  Till*  mu  hardly  be  the  case.  for  the  Itomuii*  are  said  to  have  cut  down  nil  the  tree* 
about  Jerusalem,  nnd  the  Crusaders  stated  that  the  volley  was  destitute  of  wood.  Nevertheless  since  it  in  a  fact  tliut  the  olive  tree  spring*  repeatedly  from  the  *ame  root,  there  is  a  possibility 
that  the*c  trees  nre  the  descendant*  of  those  which  sheltered  the  Mon  of  Sorrow*  Around  the  Carden  are  several  shrine*  for  prayer,  nml  the  exact  places  arc  pointed  out  where  Jt*u»  was 
arrested,  where  Judas  gave  to  hi*  master  the  fatal  kiss  and  where  I'eter,  Janie,  and  John  slept  while  their  Saviour  prnyed.  The  earliest  account  of  this  Carden  dates  from  the  fourth 
century  There  is  no  doubt  that  it*  situation  correspond*  closely  to  that  which  the  nature  of  the  ground  makes  evidently  necessary.  But  whether  It  be  the  |>mia  locality  i*  questionable. 
The  Creeks  have  their  Cnnleii  of  Cethscmane  ill  n  Tittle  distance  from  this,  and  they  maintain  that  their*  is  the  only  genuine  one.  Certain  it  is,  however,  that  somewhere  in  a  very  limited  area 
here  the  scene*  of  the  Agony.  Betrayal  and  Arrest  mu»t  hnve  occurred 


MOSIJI  t  OF  OMAK.  JBHl'SALKM.— Jerusalem.  the  sacred  city  of  tin-  Jew*.  uml  ilic  holy  .  ity  of  the  Christians,  isalso  now  u  place  of  pilgrimage  t..  tin-  follower.  ..I  M  >110111. 1  F..r 
mor*  tliiin  1,000  year*  it  lm.  been  in  the  possession  of  the  Moslem*,  anil  tin*  magnificent  Mosque  Omar  I.  to  them  a  place  second  iu  snoctity  only  to  Men  .1  itscll  Tin.  Mo..,m  >*  Imilt  in  th. 
form  of  1111  uettgOD,  each  «nlc  hoiu|{  sixty -sit  feet  long.  The  lower  part  isof  white  mnrhle,  the  ii|i|>er  part  i<  covered  with  porcelain  tile*,  whose  color*  intersect  each  other  in  beautiful  designs 
l’u**n«M  from  the  Koran  ore  also  interwoven  with  this  decoration  Unlike  most  Mollies,  u"  tolling  minaret*  rise  from  this  toward*  lumen  lu  elegantly  proportioned  dome  was  thought 
to  he  sufficient.  In  fact,  it  1*  so  light  and  graceful  that  from  11  distance  one  could  easily  expect  to  sec  it  float  away  in  the  blue  air.  like  a  balloon  of  silk  This  structure  cover*  the  site  of 
Solomon’s  Temple,  mid  beneath  the  dome  is  the  1  Sacred  Rock,”  the  natural  summit  of  Mt  Moriah,  mid  probably  the  foundation  for  the  sacrificial  nllnr  of  the  Jews,  iu  their  splendid  shrine 
The  Moslems  greatly  revere  tin*  rock,  for  Mahomet  l»  believed  to  have  there  knell  in  prayer,  and  to  have  ascended  thence  t>>  lleivcn.  He  derived  most  of  hi*  religious  ideas  from  1!..  .lews, 
and  venerated  this  part  of  Jerusalem,  as  having  been  hallowed  by  tin-  prayers  of  Hebrew  patriarchs.  Few  place*  in  the  world,  therefore,  are  more  revere. I  than  the  eminence  on  which  this 
Mosque  non  stand.,  and  few  historic  shrine*  are  <0  deserving  of  rrapcctfill  interest. 


I!  =4<|a 

IjMijN  lL 

nil  oiitis 
fjitii  {«! 
ijljuji! 

n^Amik 

lijMl  hi;! 

Hi® 

Ifjlliljit} 

lliii 
«ipi! 


Jllfiiiiii 

lii 

lilsSrliJili 


BETHLEHEM,  PALESTINE. -In  looking  at  any  city  ...  the  Holy  Und  one  always  etc ..  u.t.li.t.xle  ..f  ttutWed  house,  made  of  .tone,  cement  or  sun-dried  brick*  Whatever  boautr  ,ucl. 
townapoiwru  is  to  be  found  in  their  natural  surroundings.  not  in  the  structure.  theiiualtw.  Ilethlehem  .*  situated  in  a  fertile  region  which  gave  to  the  place  it-  .moo  for  Bethlehem  in 
Hebrew  signifies  "  the  place  of  food.”  Every  reader  of  these  line,  of  courae  know,  the  prominent  part  wh.ch  thia  town  ho*  played  in  Jewish  hi.tory.  It  w.«  the  *enr  of  the  beautiful  .tore  »f 
Uuth.  and  oa  the  TCiidcncc  of  the  family  of  David  it  wo*  specially  revered  by  Hebrew  propheta  and  poet,  During  the  Christian  era  it  hu  been  the  rcaort  of  million*  of  pilgrims  who  hare 
come  century  nfter  century  in  undiminished  number,  to  worship  at  the  "brine  of  Christ's  nativity.  The  church  erected  over  the  reputed  birthplace  of  Je.us  is  of  enormou,  *|„  and  is  owned 
by  <5 reeks.  Latins  and  Armenians.  For  ...ore  than  1.300  years  at  least  the  site  has  never  been  changed.  Hereon  Christmas  day.  1101.  the  Crusader  Baldwin  was  crowned  King  of  Jerusalem 
The  tomb  of  Saint  Jerome  Is  also  shown  at  Ilethlehem.  and  it  is  un  undoubted  fact  that  that  illustrious  father  of  the  Church  resided  here  for  many  year*,  dying  A  I)  480  Here  he  learned 
Helm  w  of  the  Jews,  and  translated  the  whole  Bible  from  the  original  into  Latin.  Various  chapels  are  erected  here  to  commemorate  the  Adoration  of  the  Magi,  the  Slaughter  of  tbn 
Innocents,  nnd  most  of  the  events  connected  w  ith  the  birth  of  Christ. 


RACIIKI.'S  TUMU.  NBA  II  liK  I'll  I.K1 1  KM.  FALESTINK.  On  die  road  between  Jerusalem  and  Bethlehem  (n  journey  which  occupies  ubout  an  hour  and  n  half  on  horwlmck)  *tnu<l»  a 
Mnil  ,,iri.  km>WI,  „» olu-r«  Toml.."  II  m  revered  alike  by  Christians,  Moslem.  and  .lew*,  and  many  pilgrim*  go  In  it.  to  pray  Uncalli  it.  dome  and  to  inscribe  their  name*  upon  >t»  wull*. 
l.ike  i .  I  it,,  i  «I  all  the  "sacred  place."  in  the  Holy  Land  there  wine  uncertainty  in  regard  to  thi*.  Wo  read  in  the  thirty-tilth  chapter  of  Genesis  that,  while  ou  her  way  to  Bethlehem, 
liiuhel  ilied  in  giving  birth  to  Benjamin,  and  wm buried  on  the  road  thither.  Thu  Munition  correspond*  therefore  to  the  Biblical  narrative,  ami  ever  «inc«  the  time  of  Ch?i*t,  Indition 
ha*  olwnya  de.  lared  it  to  he  the  burial-place  of  Jacob',  beloved  wife.  For  many  year*  the  *ite  «.  marked  by  a  pjwroid  of  stone*,  but  iu  the  fifteenth  century  the  monument  was 

. . .  ',,,,,1  then  ha*  bed,  frc.|iiently  restored.  Thou-  who  do  uol  believe  that  this  is  Uochel's  tomb  have  tlleir  skepticism  oo  the  ...  ond  veix  of  the  tenth  chapter  of  the  lir»t  book 

of  Samuel  The  sepulchre  of  Barbel  >.  there  described  a.  being  »u  the  border  of  tin-  territory  of  Benjamin,  ond  it  is  argued  that  the  boundary  line  between  Judah  and  Benjamin  could  not 
have  been  at  thi*  point.  A  few  minutes'  walk  from  this  reputed  bunal-plnce  of  Itschel  brings  the  traveler  to  Bethlehem  itself,  one  of  the  most  eacresl  and  Interesting  of  all  localitit* 
connected  with  the  Bible. 


r<'(h  the  reputed  site*  of  all  the  event*  recorded 

if  the  Annunciation,  supposed  to  contain  the  very  localities  where  the  angel  Stood  while  uttering  to  Mary  hi.  glai 


N  \Z.  VHKTH  1‘ALKSTINK  -Wow  Oriental  towns  ure  so  attractive  to  look  upon  a#  Nazareth,  especially  in  March  and  April,  for  then  the  combination  ir  pro 

britflti  „,'„n  Mine..  I.  .  I, .fining  M..t  »f  lU  liUita  «t,  prap.ron.lj  «npd  in  tor, , nog.  „»d  tlt.i,  „o.t,n„..  „t.  ..r,  *.*?  and  - - 

embroidered  jackctN  and  have  their  foreheud.  and  breasts  almost  covered  with  coins.  Tho  traveler  ran 

H«r  h.'l'it  dood  2sr;35£.’"‘  ll'-i'i""  mi-.  onVioPy  ...  «.'•  “I  It"  Virgin'.  Up . ,'tta  Wotk.hnp  ..I  . . . .  Up.  *****  <»*> 

,oJ  Ulr  <Tiible  ol  Jo. it.  "  wliicli  l>  u  broad  llm  ro.k,  on  wjti.li  Cl.ri.l  i.  mid  to  h..o  dinod  witlt  1,0  .li.oiplo  .lift  tb«  f.urrrclion  M . .  . .  l’"  thought  «fll>. 

Lo.tuptlj  ...  n  Piling  il.rii  pitcher.  » ill.  th.  pnpbiu  llqul.l  A- lbi«  i>  U*  ««*  ,hl"  P~“«S  "  "“'"i «***  ' 

I  Inti, ft  to  much  a.  him.  w.j  tU.t  Syrinn  n.oth.f-  nod  ilt.ir  .hildrin  hl.it  th.  pine  tod.;.  Jtwalcn  r.ol  din.  th.  -opt.m.  point  .1  ipuntt  ,o  th.  H.lj  Untd.  but 
“  ”  po-IW.,  tin.  Hill,  to.,' of  N.i.f.th,  wh.t,  to. . .  ,1 1,1.  .hthlhood  nod  .,,,1,  . . . .  ..  h.  in...... . .  .nd  .ft...  .„d  ,.  f.„o,  .,,1,  Ood 


vhite-wnllcd  house* 
c  women  wear  guy. 
the  Ilible  as  having 
il  tidings,  and  there 
to  linve  taught; 
uthenticity  of  these 
•no  women  may  be 
often  have  resorted 
,0  Christian  traveler 


(  VPKHXAl'M,  <iAl.ll.KK.  1’  \  I.KSTINK  -Tin1  Sen  of  Galileo  i*  ttill  iik  blue  :m«l  beautiful  licnont  h  Ilic  Syrian  tun  u«  w  In  n  tbc  Saviour  «  alk*  . I  i"-*idr  it'  tliorc*  ur  huIi  •!  up. in  it*.  surface 
Hut  it»  aurrouudiug*  arc  now  do* - -lat. .  The  oily  of  Tilierin*  it  n  mint  wretched,  unattractive  town,  nnd  proud  ('n|ier»niim  i*  *uch  a  ruin  that  doubt*  tiro  entertained  a*  to  it-  -itc!  There  in 
m>  it  lire  here  now  of  imv  .juiy  nr  harbor;  but  in  the  multi  of  n  great  rim**  of  mint  rite  the  remain*  of  a  lim- old  building  made  of  white  lime-tone  rocmbling  unirbl.  It  mint  have  once 
I k-i'ii  mi  lrn poling  editlce,  for  scattered  then  in  treat  confusion  are  many  mined  column*  nnd  cliibnruto  capital*.  Thi*.  it  i*  thought.  imi-t  hate  been  the  Synagogue  <>f  Capernaum.  If  »■*, 
within  it*  tvnlU  the  voice  of  Je*u»  wju  freipicntly  heard.  The  Uotpal*  tell  lit  of  hi*  vi»itn  to  thi*  place,  nnd  of  hi*  prophecy  of  it-  hiimilinlinn.  which  certainly  it  startlingly  verified  to  day. 
How  little  diil  the  people  "f  t'liperiiuuin  imagine.  .1*  they  disdained  the  utterance*  of  the  Nncerilicnnd  hi*  humble  follower*,  that  the  time  would  come  when  even  tin  iltuationof  their  city 
would  he  n  matter  of  dispute.  and,  if  an  object  of  interval  at  all.  tliat  it  would  lie  *0.  merely  lieani*c  that  gentle  Tnteher  wlio  addre*»ed  them  had  once  walked  it*  ‘trvrt- !  Beyond  the 
ruined  town  i»  tlic  fair  hike.  *ixteen  mile*  long  and  *1*  mile*  wide,  bordrred  by  undulating  hill*.  whn*c  rounded  forint  arc  just  the  Mine  »»  when  th.  g  *r.e  of  J.  -u*  rr.t.  d  on  them,  and 
when  He  uttered  on  their  graceful  (lope*  word*  which  have  rcvolullonUed  the  world. 


THE  IUYKH  JOKUAN,  PALKsTISK.— The  .!•  -rvluti  is  to  Christians  wbut  the  <  binge*  i»  to  Hindoo*,  a  sacred  river,  hallowedbj  many  religious  associations,  «nd  visited  every  jtsir  by 
tro..|>#  of  pilgrims.  In  u  Untight  line  the  actual  length  of  the  Jordon  would  he  I3U  mllua,  but  it*  many  curve* greatly  increase  that  distance.  It  ha»  nu  eudiug  unlike  that  of  any  other 
noted  river  on  our  globe.  Mo»t  rivers  ea»t  Uicinsclvc*  at  la»t  upon  the  ocean,  which  seem*  u  tilting  termination  for  their  adventurous  careen.  But  this  historic  lUimn  of  Palestine  lo«  . 
itself  nt  lust  iogloriimtly  in  thnt  briny  lake  of  desolation  known  as  the  Dead  Sea.  Yet  it  is  in  the  vieiuity  of  that  strange  body  of  water  that  the  Jordan  is  held  especially  sacral.  There  i- 
supposed  to  he  the  place  where  the  Israelites  crossed  tho river  into  the  Promised  Laud.  There  Christ  is  believed  to  have  been  baptized  by  John  the  Baptist.  As  early  ns  the  fourth  century 
pilgrims  had  begun  to  resort  thither  in  great  numbers,  ns  they  do  to-day  mid  have  done  over  since.  Members  of  the  1 1  reek  Church  especially  attach  great  importance  to  baptism  in  the 
Jordan,  and  immediately  after  the  Boater  celebrations  in  Jerusalem,  an  immense  curavuu  i»  formed  for  the  expedition.  The  priest*  wade  into  the  water,  and  fur  hours  baptize  tho  crouds 
of  men.  women  and  children,  who  have  come  for  this  purpose  from  distant  lands.  Many  pilgrims  dll  bottles  and  yurs  with  water  from  the  Jordon  to  take  home  with  thrm.  Occasionally 
through  imprudence  the  swift  current  of  the  rivrr  sweeps  away  a  pilgrim,  whose  mode  of  death  is  nevertheless  envied  by  hi*  comrades. 


STATION.  KAMI. Kit.  PALESTINK  -  On  the  direct 
the  ninth  end  tenth  centuries  it  wan  a  pronperotwimi 
the  Greek  Church.  There  il  nn  old  Ivitm  moo&ntc 
nn  euormotw  Mo»c|nc.  Tlte  country  wound  K.unleh 

will  evei 


from  JnlTu  to  Jcruntleiii  in  the  town  of  Kumleh,  which  in  mid  to  occupy  the 
ant  place.  and  wan  larger  than  Jcrutalem  itnelf.  To-dnv  it  contninn  about  8,' 
where  traveler*  an-  lodged  and  fed  with  comparative  coinfort  A  lofty  tower  nlio  ri»e»  nl 
■markable  fertile.  The  vegetation  i* luxuriant.  Olive  tree*  nhound.  mid  with  proper  culti vat i 


of  too  uueiunt  Arininlhcti 
inhabitant*.  of  whom  l.(M 


a  the  Held 


Under  the  Arab*  in 
0  are  Chrintiann  of 
once  formed  |u>rt  of 
i*  part  of  Palestine 

ip*  of  which  onv  country  might  boproud.  The  mart  untounding  innovation  here  in  recent  time*  Imn  been  the  rui/rr.i./,  which  ha»  already  advanced  l«yond  Komi,  h  >nd 
Iinert  .liillu  With  Jerusalem,  thirty-three  oillr*  on*y  !  Within  a  ahort  time,  therefore,  the  old  method*  of  horsr  hue  It  riding  and  carriage*  over  the*  part  of  the  Holy  Und 
ill  he  dUcnrded  A  locomotive  w.ll  irannport  tourUtn  arrou  the  plain  of  SUnron ;  u  rad  mad  bridge  will  .pan  the  brook  where  David  ch.we  the  nmoolh  *tonr«  for  hi*  ...nfli.l  with  Goliath; 
d  the  c  onduc  tor  miiv  call  out  to  |.m«enoer*.  "  Ibimleh.  nwMence  of  Jo»cph  of  Arlmnthea.  Five  minute,  for  refreshment.!  '  On  the-  ground  of  «*ntimrnt.  however,  most  people 


o  iiawcngcrs,  "  It 
regret  to  have  n  locomotive's  win. tic-  wake  the  cchoi 


of  Men 


it  Zion.  Here  it  in  the  old  which  it 
303 


t  the  n 


ud  tteam-riir.  nc 


.entimeiit,  howev 
unnuited  to  the  land  of  Abraham. 


V. M.i:  OK  CAS1IMKHK.  INDIA.— So  much  lm»  been  written  of  the  benutioa  of  the  Vnhi  of  Caihmorc  thnt  it  bn»  become  olino.t  nn  ideal  locality  i  »urt  of  t  topm.  Mnliammvdun  »'■<"'» 

I,  !»,’  ilcMiiutol  c*tt..vagaull.  on  u*  hcuutir.,  mid  the  poet  Moore,  taking  thee  in  n  guide  and  with  modern  addition.,  line  built  up  a  grot  part  of  lu«  romnnti.  dceript . a«f  tin.  lovely 

VI, |,  And  yet.  when  we  enabler  the  beautiful  aapert  of  thi.  valley  in  it.  different  pl.MC  it.  fre.h  green  folmgc  of  Spring,  it.  man;  bued  autumnal  tint.,  together  with  .1,  gh.lemug 
•lion -rapped  mountain.,  nml  the  quiet  glaaay  river  meandering  through  it.  .Iindowy  grove.,  we  think  few  will  say  that  romance  ha.  drawn  a  too  vividly  colored  picture  of  it*  lovchnc*.. 
Tin  Vale  of  Cashmere  (of  Kashmir)  ..  an  cnchuod  and  elevated  valley  in  the  llmialnya  mountain*,  north  of  the  Punjab.  through  which  How.  the  n>rr  Jhrlum  It  .•  «!-'■'  I."  mil.  •  m 

and  it.  g reate. t  width  i*  about  73  mile.  The  valley  has  in  modern  time*,  been  a  rwort  for  Engli.ll  aportonen.  hut  quite  recently  the  .hooting  ha.  been  earned  to  auel.  <•»  evtent 
that  game  it  only  found  in  the  moat  M-eludrd  ravine* and  oo  the  more  difficult  hUI-aidr*.  Among  Ihc  game  found  here  baa  been  anUlop.  d-  »  nmak  d«-r.  «ddg  ..i  brown  and  l.  i.k 
benr  and  leopard  The  convolution*  of  the  river  winding  through  mile,  upon  mile*  of  cultivated  Held*,  which  re.emhlc  in  the  distance  Oriental  rug*,  undoubtedly  auggr.ted  the  general 
de.ign*  of  the  beautiful  Indian  shawl,  produced  here  with  a. 


Lich  labor  and  highly  prized  throughout  the  world, 


307 


OATH  TO  I.l’l'K NOW,  IN'DI  \  -Lucknow  in  one  of  the  most  Important  ciuoa  »f  India.  It  ha*  a  population  of  800,000,  nod  abounds  in  la-autiful  specimen*  of  Oricuml  architecture. 
In  looking  on  it.  gates,  dome*  nml  nmiiirel*  one  I*  continually  reminded  of  scenes  in  (’uiro  and  Constantinople.  It  in  aim  a  city  «.f  great  wealth,  and  the  w»rk»  of  u«  goldsmiths  are  famed 
throughout  the  world.  The  name  "  Lucknow,"  however,  recalls  to  all  English-speaking  people  very  different  souvenir*  from  those  of  architecture  or  the  art  of  jeweler*.  This  was  in 
IK‘,7  At.  the  scene  of  the  awful  Hritish  massacre,  the  thrilling  story  of  which  can  hardly  lie  surpassed  in  history.  Inside  of  the  Residency  here  were  rolleclrd  atiout  8.000  persons,  of  whom 
over  S00  were  women  and  children.  Sis  hundred  of  them  were  English  soldier*.  The  rest  were  natives  who  hud  remniaed  faithful  The  attacking  force  nuinhrred  50.000  uieu  Most 
of  the  English  there  were  doomed,  hut  sold  their  live*  as  dearly  ns  possible,  mid  urtiinllj  held  out  for  three  months  during  the  appalling  heat  of  an  Indian  summer!  At  Inst  the  limve 
(Irncml  |faVclock  reached  Lucknow  and  rescued  those  who  survived.  The  atrocities  which  the  Indians  had  perpetrated  iu  killing  English  women  and  children  fairly  maddened  the 
victorious  troops,  and  they  slaughtered  the  8cpoy»  with  savage  fury.  The  street  represented  In  the  illustration  is  the  one  along  which  Havelock  fought  his  »*>  through  the  city  to  the 
Residency.  The  great  mutiny  was  put  down,  hut  its  memory  remains,  ils  the  lurid  glare  of  a  distant  conflagration  lights  up  the  sky  with  the  red  tint  of  blood. 

HIM) 


RR1D0B  OF  SHOPS  SIUNAOAK.  INDIA  — Srinngnr  is  the  capital  »f  Cashmere,  Ihnt  volley  in  the  Himalaya  mountains  w>  famous  for  its  beauty,  noil  which  is  repreu-ntrd  In  an  adjoining 

ill.istratioD  It  hit.  u  population  of  185.01)1 . >ple.  ..ml  >•  built  for  four  mile*  on  both  bank,  of  the  river  Jhelatn.  which  litre  i.  a  placid  stream  with  a  breadth  of  about  300  feet.  Thi. 

river  li  crowed  bv  many  wooden  bridges,  lined  with  decayed  and  weatherbeaten  shop,  ami  bonus,  most  of  which  are  adorned  with  balconlea  and  lattice  window*.  Some  have  their  upper 

.tones  nrot.ned  tin  by  pole,  and  look  . . .  insecure,  u  they  overi.ang  either  the  narrow  .met.  or  the  river  itself.  The  town  is  alto  interacted  with  innumerable  canal.,  and  from 

this  fact  and  from  ils  beautiful  aittmliou.  Srinagar  has  been  called  the  Venice  of  Asia.  That  is  enough,  however,  to  make  the  old  Venetian  Doge,  turn  m  their  grave!  For  tin.  Indian 
dty  1.  really  too  lilthy  and  dilapidated  to  be  seriously  compared  to  the  Queen  of  the  Adriatic.  Yet  it  powea.es  some  Hindoo  temple,  and  an  enormous  mosque,  to  which  it  t.  wild  that 
00  000  people  can  worship  nt  once.  There  was  a  time,  however,  when  this  capital  of  Cashmere  was  of  great  Important 
, wince,  are  still  standing  in  its  vicinity.  One  of  these  Moor*  .elected  for  hi.  clo.iog  woe  of  Ulln  Itookh.  Even  now 
•hau  l  manufacture  of  Cudunore.  ^ 


favorite  resort  of  the  old  Mogul  emperorv  many  of  whose 
Srinagar  ha.  some  commercial  prominence,  for  it  b  the  center  of  the 


Till'  I II 'I  VI.  VY  VS  PKOM  D.VIUKEKLINO,  INDIA  —  Nearly  8.000  fret  above  the  pluinn  of  India  is  the  town  of  Darjecrling,  whither  the  Europeans  go  in  summer  to  e«rnpe  the  terrible 

h.  «t  of  the  low  country  Tl.lthrr  nil  toun.t.  in  India  also  mnkJ  their  way  to  obtain  one  of  the  u.o.t  remarkable  ami  b  -i-iful  . . .  the  world,  namely,  the  glow  of  ...nn.e  nr  „f  .unset 

on  the  Himalayas.  Sometime,  the,  have  to  wait  acverml  days  before  the  celestial  vision  is  revealed  to  them,  for  Darjrerliog  ita.lf  is  is.  its  name  signifies,  ••  I  p  to  the  Clouds"  while  .till 
more  exposed  to  concenlmetit  by  clouds  are  the  marvellous  peak,  themselves,  twenty  thousand  feet  higher  than  this  place  of  observation.  Very  often  one  sees  the  summit,  of  the  Ilimalayiu 
nlmve  some  lower  strata  of  clouds,  and  hence  lie  almost  doubts  if  tlioso  resplendent  figures  in  the  sky  really  belonged  to  earth.  In  reality,  however,  the  visitor  to  Darjcetling  beholds  the 
loftie.t  range  of  mountains  on  our  planet.  The  lowest  of  them  is  more  than  80,1100  feet  high,  and  the  most  elevated  lias  an  altitude  of  28. 7.V0  f"t.  This  peak,  called  Kin.  hiojuoga.  near* 
a  mant’e  of  everlasting  .now  11  000  feet  in  length!  Even  this  i.  surpassed  in  height  by  Sit.  Everest,  but  the  latter  is  rarely  visible  at  Darjecrling.  On  the  other  side  of  tl.i.  stupendous 
barrier  Of  the  Himalaya*  (who*  appropriate  name  in  Sanscrit  signifies  -The  Hall,  of  Snow",  lie.  Thibet,  an  almost  unexplored  and  savage  country,  well  nigh  in.ccc-.blc  from  the  .id. 
of  Indio.  Posse,  exist  indeed  among  these  Himalayas  eighteen  thousand  feet  above  the  level  of  the  tea.  but  it  1*  actually  at  the  nsk  of  life  that  one  attempts  to  « 
these  awful  citadels  of  ice  and  snow  no  use  for  Man 


*  them  Nature  baa  it 


4011 


o  the  Catholic*.  JeruMilem  t*>  uiilllonsof  Christians.  nml  Mecca  to  the  Modems,  that 


HfRNINO  GHAT.  HKNAHKS.  INDIA  -Henan*  is  the  Holy  City  of  In.lin.  Wlwt 
“  '  j  „  ljw  bMldi.  thc  Mer*d  river  Ganges  along  whose  hallowed  water*  Buddha  taught  hundred.  of  year,  before  the  founder  ..f  Christianity  *u  horn  Hither  come  hum! red. of 

o'  ni«—  -'■>  >•»  <•>  .0 .  tu  whim,  i.  t™. 


lo  it,  On,  of  lhr.0  In  mil.  d  ihr  ••  B»r,„.„  lit*."  -inn  hoir  ormnnlion  .. . ..... I..U..H}  „ . . . “  *b“‘l*«  0«l"  Smut  pU«  »l  »"«j 

constructed  nml ....  then.  lucm.l  pyrm  the  todle.  nl  ill,  . . 1  nr,  plucud.  When  nil  b  rrn.lv  th.  rrmrr.l  rnnlo  rcl.t.re  ol  Ur,  denf.nl  nppliec  lo  ll  .  lighted 

brnod  Th,  .mere  Hence  Imp  hnnv.n ,.rrl  .1  onto  nn.l  wilt  yrdluw  tonene.  lick  it,  tody  lying  ttm.  II  ueeme  incredible  DM  lrbn.li  unrl  rrinl, 

brvo„d  . . i  . . .  .ml  recoiling  .VI  Into  bower,  n  .h.pclcu  »l  tote.  li.n  It,  *-v . I  'tm  ■"•  "»"*■  «P"  g*** 

Ihil  Eternity  [ownrii  which  ihr  dud  nv.n'.  mnl  to  winged  if  HighU  It  I,  th,  dmre.r  w..b  nl  lh,  pm...  Hindoo  Ihnt  hr  in.p  dir  on  ihr  h.nk.  ol  thr  Ou.su 
it*  soft  cmbmec. 


gore  upon  mvh  a  night,  which  is 
breast  and  roll  on  toward  the  sea,  symbol  of 
lost  committed  to 


TIIE  l'EARL  MOSQl'E  AGRA,  INDIA  —No  city  10  India  equal*  Agm  in  reipoct  to  Hoc  and  wonderful  architecture  Here,  for  example.  i»  that  marvelous  tomb,  the  Tnj  Mahal,  which  i* 
almost  universally  acknowledged  to  be  the  mint  beautiful  editlec  in  the  world;  here  alto  is  the  enormous  Citadel  of  Agrn.  about  two  mile*  in  circuit,  and  surrounded  by  a  moat  thirty  feet 
wide  and  thirty-live  feet  deep  and  by  walla  aeventy  feet  in  height!  It  is  within  this  fortified  enclosure  that  most  of  the  famous  structure*,  built  by  the  Moguls  ut  Agm,  are  located.  Among 
them  i»  the  “  Pearl  Mosque,"  which  is  unquestionably  ooeof  the  most  elegant  and  elaborate  edifices  ever  reared  by  man.  It  was  begun  in  HU*  aud  linisbtd  in  1053  The  exterior  is  of  rest 
sandstone,  but  its  courtyard,  which  is  no  less  than  153  feet  square,  is  entirely  lined  with  marble  from  it*  pavement  to  the  summit  of  it*  snow-white  domes.  In  the  center  i«  a  marble  busio, 
tbirty-cight  feet  square,  designed  for  ablutions  Arouud  it  is  a  marble  cloister  of  great  beauty.  On  one  side  is  an  inscription  consintiug  of  letters  of  black  rnurblo  inlaid  into  the  white.  It 
declare*  that  this  charming  mosque  may  be  likened  to  u  precious  pearl,  Since  no  other  1*  completely  lined  as  tills  i*,  with  marble.  Bishop  llcbcr  wud  of  this  mosque,  "This  spotless  sanctuary, 
show-lug  such  a  pure  spirit  of  adoration,  made  me,  a  Christinn,  feel  humbled  when  I  considered  that  no  architect  of  our  religion  had  ever  been  able  to  produce  anything  equal  to  this 
temple  of  Allah." 


407 


NASSICK,  INDIA. _ Niuuick  it  ouo  ol  the  mo»t  sacred  of  Hindoo  towns.  Thirteen  hundred  families  of  Brahmin  priests  urn  established  here  and  form  a  population  t>>  themselves.  Through 

this  city  flows  the  sacred  river,  Godavari,  second  in  sanctity  only  to  the  Gauges  itself  All  noble  Hindoo  families  keep  special  family  priests"  hero  to  perform  dovotions  for  the  household 
and  to  represent  them,  ns  it  were,  continually  ot  the  snered  shrines.  The  river  is  line*!  with  many  temples,  like  the  one  displayed  in  this  illustration,  and  in  their  ncmity  may  bo  sometimes 
seen  hundreds  of  men,  women  and  children  bathing  In  tho  hallowed  waters  of  the  Godavari.  In  close  proximity  to  these  temples  arc  little  booths,  where  idols  ore  sold.  One  can  uol  travel 
anywhere  in  India  without  pereciviug  the  tremendous  influence  which  its  varied  religions  exert  upon  its  millions  of  inhabitant*.  Temples,  idols,  shrines,  pilgrims,  ‘aired  streams,  religious 
festivals  attended  by  hundreds  of  thousands  of  people,  all  these  impress  themselves  continually  upon  the  retina  and  on  the  mind.  Some  temples  there  are  actually  sacred  to  animals;  for  in 
the  eyes  of  the  Hindoos  all  life  i*  sacred,  and  it  seems  to  many  of  them  a  crime  to  ill-treat  or  to  kill  oven  inserts  and  reptiles.  There  is,  not  far  from  Nassick,  a  Hospital  for  animals,  where 
sick  or  wounded  dugs,  cnt*.  rabbits,  monkeys  and  bird*  are  protected  and  even  carefully  nursed  until  they  recover  or  die.  If  it  be  superstition  which  prompt*  such  treatment  of  those 
poor,  dumb  crcuture*.  u  little  of  it  in  the  Occident  would  do  no  harm. 


400 


JUMMA  MUSJID.  DELHI,  INDIA.  —  Delhi  i*  ended  llio  Komi*  of  India.  It  i»  u  very  ancient  city.  It  bu*  been  »even  lime*  do.troyed  and  »evrn  time*  rebuilt,  ami  ii*  i'oli,*»nl  ruin*  cover 
nn  euormoui.  area.  Around  the  •  ity  of  to-day  then*  Ho»  n  plum  resembling  in  some  respect*  the  Komnn  Cnmpugnn,  covered  with  ruined  pulme*  mid  tempi.'.*,  and  telling  u>  ■>(  wur 
on.l  compiot  through  n  line  of  centurion.  In  1525  it  came  into  the  powcarion  of  the  Mogul  dynasty,  and  soon  became  the  capital  of  the  Mogul  Empire  Though  not  -me  tenth  re* 
large  a*  ancient  Delhi,  the  pre.ent  city  ha*  more  than  100,000  Inhabitant..  It  in  .till  one  of  the  moat  important  and  wrrd  of  Molinmme*lau  cine*.  No  lea*  than  forty  n.ovpir.  within 
it*  limit*  display  to  the  nstouiahed  traveler  their  tapering  marble  mionret*  nnd  .Ionic*  of  gold.  One  of  the  moat  magnificent  of  thr*c  is  represented  in  tin*  illustration.  »ir  the  .lumnm 
Mu,jid.  It  «tmida  upon  a  lofty  termce  approached  by  .lately  flight*  of  marble  step*.  Drome  door,  admit  the  worehtper  or  tmveler  into  u  *pneioua  courtyard,  udorued  with  a  marble 
fountain  for  ablution  anil  surrouuded  by  cloister*.  Thi»  moaque  wu  built  in  105 H.  and  it  U  said  that  5.000  workmen  were  employed  upon  it  for  .t*  yean..  In  one  part  of  It  arc 
preserved  iomr  relic,  of  the  Prophet  Mahomet,  including  hi*  slipper.  a  hair  from  hi*  tnuaUchr,  and  e*rn  hi*  font -print*  left  upon  a  atom  '  Here  *l*«»  u  a  eery  ancient  »>|>y  "f  the  Koran, 
auid  to  haro  been  written  in  the  aovonth  century  The  minaret*  of  tbi*  temple  are  remarkably  graceful  and  beautiful,  and  reach  the  height  of  130  feet.  Within  them  are  staircase*,  nnd 
their  uneent  is  eaay. 


-111 


iptii 

1  »»ri  1  11. 

mi 

Tyfifkin 

}  1 

Ls— 

urn 

C*  bA  ml  Ml i t  1 

GOVERNMENT  HOUSE,  CALCUTTA,  INDIA.  —  Calcutta  i*  the  capital  of  British  India,  and  the  Government  home,  the  residence  of  the  Queen'*  Viceroy  there,  it  n  un-*i  imposing 
structure.  It  is  of  great  •ire  nnd  is  built  around  n  spacious  and  beautiful  garden.  But  its  massive  walls  remind  u«  that  it  could  he  utilized  as  a  fortress  did  necessity  require  From  this 
Government  building  an  immense  oeplanadc,  called  the  Maidan,  extend*  for  two  or  three  miles  along  the  river,  forming  not  merely  a  grand  parade-ground  for  military  displays,  hut  a 
delightful  promenade  for  all  foreign  residents  in  the  cool  of  the  evening,  when  the  sun,  the  tyrant  of  the  day.  ha*  disappeared,  nnd  it*  terrific  henl  has  been  succeeded  by  comparative 
coolness.  The  climate  of  Calcutta  is  so  trying  that  for  nearly  half  the  year  the  Viceroy  and  as  many  of  his  officials  os  can  escape,  leave  this  Government  house  and  Her  to  the  tiist  range 
of  the  Himalayas,  twelve  hundred  miles  nwny!  For  iu  the  hot  season  in  Calcutta  the  mercury  sometimes  rise*  to  120  degrees  in  the  simile,  and  to  170  degree*  in  the  011, '  M»»t  Kugli.h 
resident*  in  India  have  to  send  their  children  home  when  they  are  live  or  »ix  years  old,  os  by  that  time  they  usually  la-gin  to  droop  anil  pine  away.  Even  removing  them  to  the 
mountains  then  Inu  no  effect.  Nothing  but  a  return  to  England  will  save  them.  This  city  of  nearly  a  million  inhabitants  presents  of  course  the  widest  extremes  of  wealth  nnd 
poverty;  for  nowhere  is  such  11  difference  more  marked  than  in  half-civilized  lands.  It  l*  not  merely  the  English,  with  their  brilliant  uniforms  and  carriages,  who  stand  in  striking 
contrast  here  to  the  wretched  native*,  but  Indian  Princes  themselves  still  live  in  something  of  their  former  extravagance,  which  hint*  to  us  still  of  Oriental  luxury. 


418 


NATIVE  VILLAGE  NKAK  CALCUTTA.  INDIA  -How  tunny  pcoplu  In  Amcricu  realize  that  Indin  in  1.000  mile*  wide,  nnd  has  040,000,000  inhabitant*.  who  .peak  thirty  different 
language.,  which  vary  a.  much  as  the  different  longue*  of  Europe!  Life  for  mo.t  ol  these  native*  i.  re.luced  to  it>  h.we.t  term*.  Three  yard*  of  cotton  cloth  furin.h  their  .Ire**,  a  little 
rice  their  food,  and  fifty  crnt*u  week  their  probable  income  on  which  to  »upport  a  family!  It  would  »octn  a*  if  Nature  invented  menu*  to  cut  down  thi»  cnormou*  population.  Occtuionally 
famine*  .weep away  thomu.nd.at  a  time.  Cholera  and  other  prttilenco*  claim  their  victim,  too  at  frequent  interval..  In  one  year  18.000  death,  from  .nakehlte.  Im.e  been  recorded  in 
Indiii.  One  tiger  in  India  «u  known  to  have  killed  III)  penon.  before  it  wa.  .hot!  lint  human  life  inert*..  -  rather  than  dcerv.MW  there,  notwlthatandmg  the-  appalling  *onurg«» 
ThMO  native*  lire  not  black  like  African*,  nor  red  like  the  American  Indian..  They  arc  pure  Asiatics.  of  u  dark  brown  color  Thn.r  who  linvc  even  rude  dwelling,  are  better  off  llii.ii 
thou  wind*  of  their  fellow.;  for  in  many  place*  men.  women  and  children  may  be  .ecu  .leeping  in  the  atreeU  uud  on  the  country  mad.,  wherever  their  fatigue  bu*  induced  them  to  find  rr»t. 
Alas!  the  pitiably  degraded  condition  of  the  great  majority  of  the  population  of  India  u  dUhmrtening,  and  almo.t  Incredible  to  one  who  ha*  uol  iovwtignted  the  .ubjcct  There  i.  no 
doubt  of  the  ancient  grandeur  nnd  civilization  of  India,  nnd  of  the  va.t  debt  we  owe  her  for  her  noble  Sanscrit  language  (the  parent  of  10  many  other.),  and  for  many  prvcioua  truth,  m 
.rlcnco  and  religion ;  and  tl.i.  it  1*  which  umkciui  feel  a  greater  uulnou  n»  we  .cc  the  painful  proof,  of  her  decay. 

410 


CMYK  STREET.  CALCUTTA  —  I'lii*  street  in  Indin'*  great  political  and  commercial  capital  i»  named  after  Lonl  Clive.  who  played  *uch  n  prominent  part  in  the  subjugation  of  India  not 
in  the  establishment  lien-  of  English  power.  Thank*  to  such  men  «»  Clive,  hacked  by  the  boundless  wealth  of  England  and  her  gallant  oriuy.  Her  .Maje*ty,  Vieionn,  n*  ihe  "  Kin  pro-  i 
India,”  now  rule*  this  gigantic  Innd  from  tea  to  »en.  Whatever  the  world  may  thiuk  of  her  right  to  do  so,  it  mutt  acknowledge  that  die  doc*  it  well,  and  that  the  prevent  condition  of 
India  i*  vastly  better  than  when  under  the  domination  of  the  old  native  tyrant*  of  the  country.  For  European  civilisation  i*  immeasurably  to  be  preferred  to  Asiatic  dcapotism,  relicvr.1  a* 
the  Intter  was  in  ludiaby  sonic  attractive  features.  This  broad  and  tlmdcle**  »lreet  seems  nnsuited  to  a  climate  so  unbearably  hot.  and  to  a  sun  »i>  deadly,  as  those  of  1'ulrultn.  Rut  at 
least  the  bends  of  most  of  the  people  are  protected  by  white  turbans,  their  bodies  even  ure  robed  in  white,  and  the  tops  of  the  carriages  are  painted  white  in  order  not  to  attract  any  more 
than  Is  necesKiry  the  fierce  solar  ro> ».  Some  buildings  thoroughly  European  in  appearance  are  seen  in  almost  every  prominent  street  in  Calcutta,  hut  the  influence  of  Ilindooism  make* 
itself  fell  here  despite  all  these  English  surroundings,  and  bodies  arc  cremated  ami  throsvu  into  the  river  at  Calcutta  almost  a*  freely  as  at  Re  nun  *  mid  temple*  here  are  visited  by  troop*  of 
pilgrims  One  of  the  deities  worshiped  in  this  city  i*  thr  Goddess  Kali,  who  hn«  iu  fact  given  her  name  to  the  place  itself,  for  Calcutta  is  only  an  English  pronunciation  of  Kali-ghat. 


TKMI’I.K  OF  TUF 

of  deified  warrior*. 
Muring  ''-inli  other 
with  tlml  pungent 

dutingiii'dicd  mice! 
H'ntimcnU  extend 
|H>or  or  filtering  rt 
been  maintained  in 


10  HODS.  CANTON.  CHINA.—  One  of  the  mo 
oe«.  Mijjc*  mid  H|io»tlc»  of  tin-  Bilddbtut  faith, 
nf  countenance  century  after  century  I  Tlioy  n 
fume.  Chinn  it  a  laud  of  »hrinc*  and  prayer*, 
nuilly  worshiped  in  all  i-ountriea!  In  America  it 
.  ■{cvcrcm-c  for  parent*  i*  one  of  the  important  precept*  in  China, 
an  beyonil  the  gnivo,  »o  tlml  when  parontadie,  prayer*  are  nddrew 
iv<  »  may  lie  tenderly  cared  for.  Thu* orphan uyloma.  home*  for  thi 
inn  for  inuny  centime*  Some  (food  feature*  enn  he  found  In  almo»i 


•elebrnted  of  all  the  hundred* of  temple*  and  pagoda*  in  the  city  of  Canton  i 
look*  more  like  a  gullcry  of  *ciilpture  than  a  place  of  worship  with  the*i 
duly  arv  uot  praiseworthy  n»  work*  of  art.  yet  iiirvtitt-  i»  burnt  con»tniilly  I" 
cn  the  (hop*  of  Canton  have  little  altar*  at  llicir  door*  dedirnted  to  thr 
•  under  the  name  of  the  Almighty  Dollar.  The  Chinese  ileitic* 


od  of  W. 


md  the  result  i*  that  filial  reverence  and  obp 
to  them  a*  to  guardian  »piril*.  Benevolent  *i 
aged  and  infirm,  and  public  lio*pitul 
every  race  and  every  religion,  howe 
410 


of  uili  iiiii  looking  figure* 
I  tlirui  and  thr  air  i»  lira*} 
lib.  that  deity  wlio  i*  in  one 
I  compoM'd  of  departed  and 
Tbe*c 


arc  ehaoicteriMic  trait*  of  the  Chinese 
arc  therefore  numcrou*  in  Chinese  cities,  »o  that 
,  vi,i  hrre.  not  a*  copie*  of  European  in*titution*.  but  huving 
r  widely  they  may  differ  from  our  own. 


YOKiill XMA  J  XI'AN  Yokohama  lnunot  llic  bc.t  of  convenience,  for  laml'ng  vi.itor..  There  arc.  ...  fact.  no  .uitablc  p.ora  Shallow  water  w«eh  i»  1  “  n‘l1'  ",T 

r.  landed  from  the  iinmiit  in  tug  boat.  The  harbor  .u.  if.  however.  i.  good,  and  one  behold,  there  .tattum  and  atrip  from  all  part.  . .  .nclu.l,„v 

iiiiiiiv  l.ovvcrf.il  war  eevcl*  belonging  to  lluwia.  England,  the  United  State,  or  Japan,  Iunun.rn.ble  little  Ibhing  Uavt*  and  .mall  trading  «h.p.  a..  oU..  moving  "bout,  lor  the  Japan?*-  an 

.killful  «uilor»,  :.ud  .|M"i.d  ......  I.  time  op . he  tea  which  penetrate,  their  numrr . land,  at  -  ...any  plate.  Hcjond  th.  e.ty.  although  ..  ..  ....  ....I.  .  away,  r... .  tin  .d.rrv  . .  of  the 

,  I  vole ■ano  Kuiu niiia.  Kortv  .ear*  ago  Yokohama  .va.  a  munll  lUl.ing  hamlet,  but  today  It*  population  i>  ucnrly  llO.ono  It.  .tr.et»  an-  finely  m..n.dini.l/cd  and  remnrkably 

clean  and  .1.  general  appearance  i*  that  <if  a  bright  and  active  commercial  to  vu.  To  the  foreigner,  however,  it  ..  merely  a  doorway  . . .  boro,,.  ,n  character  i  Iradlnp  to  the  rral 

Japan  beyond  Thu.  only  eighteen  mile*  away,  and  Ina  than  an  hour1,  ride  by  rail.  i»  ToMo.  the  Japncwe  capital,  containing  nearly  a  million  of  inhabitants  and  cowing  an  area  about  a. 
large  n*  that  of  Loudon. 


HECTAGONAL  TEMPLE,  KIOTO,  JAPAN.  —Kioto  i»  called  the  City  of  Temples  and  il  well  deserves  the  name.  The  traveler  sees  to  many,  that  it  is  ever  after  difficult  for  him  to 
recall  them  separately.  They  are  of  various  shape*  anil  sires.  Ouo  of  them  alone  contain*  30,000  idol*,  most  of  which  arc  rude  image*  carved  out  of  solid  block*  of  wood  and  heavily 
gilded.  They  arc  about  three  feet  high,  and  some  posse**  many  arms  anil  hand*,  symbols  of  power  and  plenty.  In  many  of  these  temples  prints  ore  continually  writing  on  slips  of  paper 
the  prayers  of  worshipers,  who  request  that  these  petition*  be  pinned  or  pasted  up  in  the  sanctuary.  In  many  Japanese  shrines  there  arc  gongs,  which  are  beaten  vigorously  by  any  one 
who  comes  to  pmy,  to  arouse  the  attention  of  the  Deities,  and  notify  them  of  the  prayer  about  to  be  offered.  Bronco  bells  of  great  purity  of  sound  arc  also  to  be  seen  there,  and  they  are 
niDg  at  stated  intervals  by  the  priests,  with  a  strangely  beautiful  effect.  Kioto  Ims  to-dny  a  population  of  more  than  300,000;  but  it  no  longer  has  the  proud  position  it  once  occupied, 
when  it  was  the  capital  of  Japan  and  the  sole  residence  of  the  Mikado*.  At  present  the  seat  of  sovereignty  hut  beeu  transferred  to  Toltlo,  and  there  is  now  the  palace  of  the  Japanese 
Emperor.  Perhaps  no  country  in  the  world  offers  so  much  to  intcicst  the  thoughtful  traveler  to-day  as  does  Japan.  Intelligent,  progressive,  assimilating  with  wonderful  rapidity  the  ideas, 
custom*  and  inventions  of  European  and  American  civilization,  the  Japanese  are.  nevertheless,  a  race  having  a  national  record  and  a  regular  succession  of  Mikados  for  more  than  3,000  years. 
In  them  the  past  and  present  strangely  meet  and  blend.  The  interesting  question  is,  out  of  this  union  what  future  is  to  lie  evolved  f 

484 


8TIIKET  IN  TOKIO,  JAPAN  —  Tokio  (formerly  called  Yedo)  U  the  capital  of  Japan,  nod  i«nn  hour's  ride  by  rail  from  Yokohama.  It  win  thrown  open  to  foreign  travel  only  as  recently 
n>  1  HtUl,  but  it  lins  made  up  for  lost  time  by  assuming  many  European  characteristics.  It  now  has  numerous  building*  constructed  on  the  European  style.  Foreign  drew  and  the  Europeun 
mode  of  arranging  the  hair  have  also  been  very  extensively  adopted.  Electric  lights  and  telephones  no  longer  excite  wonder  here.  Tmni'rar*  and  nmnilinsses  mny  he  also  «*  «n.  although 
the  vehicle  most  used  it  the  Jinritis/ui,  specimens  of  which  arc  visible  at  the  left  of  this  illustration.  In  these  a  man  pi  nee*  himself  between  the  shafts  and  plan  the  part  of  a  bone  for  an 
many  hour*  and  for  ns  long  a  distance  as  the  traveler  cun  bear  to  bo  drawn  by  him.  The  size  of  Tokio  i*  enormous,  almost  equaling  that  of  London,  and  its  population  is  nearly  one  and 
a  half  millions.  The  "  sights"  of  such  a  city,  as  may  be  easily  Imagined,  can  uot  be  exhausted  so  soon  as  the  sight  seer  himself.  Numerous  and  interesting  temples,  the  Mikado’s  Palace, 
the  imperial  University,  the  Aracnnl,  the  famous  Ueno  Park,  the  admirable  Museum  of  Juponese  Antiquities,  these  together  with  the  fascinating  shops  of  Curios,  I^uxpirr  Work  ami  Bronzes, 
furuish  material  for  muny  days  of  conitant  pleasure  and  employment  There  are  few  sidewalks  in  Tokio,  the  street*  themselves  being  used  freely,  and  not  without  danger,  by  fiHit-|«vwngers 
and  vehicle*.  Every  omnibus  and  coachc*  of  nil  descriptions  carry  horns,  which  the  driver*  blow  to  warn  people  to  clear  the  way.  Extensive  conflagrations  frequently  take  place  here,  for 
most  of  the  buildings  arc  rnndc  of  wood.  Earthquakes  are  of  common  occurrence,  and  have  occasioned  nt  time*  enormous  loss  of  life. 

42? 


YK/n  MFH  JAPAN -The  island  of  Y«o  is  the  most  northern  portion  of  Japan  ami  is  largely  inhabited  by  a  race  of  men  who  are  the  descendant,  of  the  ancient  Aborigine,  of  the 
country  No  mention  of  Ycr.o  is  made  in  the  early  historical  records  of  the  Japanese,  and  it  was  perhaps  unknown  to  them  until  the  last  of  the  Amo,  (the  original  inhabitants  <d  Japan)  were 
expelled  from  the  Main  Island.  The  difference  between  the  Japanese  and  the  “  Ye*.  Men  "  is  still  plainly  visible,  especially  in  the  amount  of  hair  which  grow.  on  the  bodies -off  these 
dweller,  in  the  North,  in  contrast  to  the  Japanese,  who  arc  among  the  least  hirsute  of  any  people  on  the  globe  The  clim.le  of  A  «o  u  quite  cold.  For  six  month.  .  is  more  or  less  cosrjed 
Much  of  the  Interior  still  consists  of  primeval  forests,  rarely  penetrated  except  by  these  descendants  of  the  Ainos  in  quest  of  bear.  and  other  w,!d  animals  There  arc  fi»  H 
and  most  journeys  must  be  made  there  on  horseback.  There  is.  however,  regular  communication  by  steamers  between  certain  points  of  1  e*o  and  the  Main  Island  of  J«|»n. 

natural  features  of  greot  beauty.  Iu  coast  scenery  is  very  fine,  its  lakes  and  mountains  offer  a  pleasing  variety,  and  one  or  two  moderately  active 
Mon  "  in  the  civilized  parts  of  the  island  arc  by  no  means  savages  As  this  illustration  shows  us,  they  are  respectably 


with  suow. 
roads  iu  Yi 

This  northern  region  is  not  without  many 
volcanoes  serve  to  relieve  life  of  complete  monotony.  The 


clothed,  their  dwellings  are  well  thatched,  and  their  fences 
of  these  stalwart  natives,  they  cleave  the  water  with  great  speed. 


at  least  substantial  if  not  graceful  Their  hosts,  too.  though  primitive,  are  skillfully  fashioned,  and  under  the  rasnipulation 


NATIVES  OK  QUEENSLAND,  Al'STUAMA  Queensland  i»  the  Intcat  of  England's  Australian  colonies,  Imving  liecn  separated  from  New  South  Wales  in  IMO  Formerly  it  was  a  (icniil 
•cttlemvot.  a  dumping.ground  for  incorrigible  ruffians  who  nevertheless  were  of  great  value  in  cultivating  the  land  and  erecting  the  public  buildings  of  the  capital  of  Queensland,  Brisbane 
This  illustration  shows  us  some  of  the  Australian  natives  living  in  the  interior,  hut  who  occasionally  come  down  to  the  coast  for  trading  purposes.  As  ho*  been  raid  elsewhere,  in  describing 
Sydney,  these  Aborigines  are  a  wretc  hed  race  Like  most  savages,  they  are  fond  of  liquor,  and  were  it  not  for  stru  t  laws  prohibiting  tl.e  sale  to  them  of  iutosu.iUng  drinks,  they  would 
doubtless  »oo  become  exterminated  through  tholr  own  excesses.  Originally  these  natives,  like  the  Maoris  of  New  Zealand,  were  probably  cannibals.  The  latter  were  io  the  habit  of 
eating  human  flesh  as  late  as  1814.  when  the  missionaries  first  visited  New  Zealand.  Many  of  these  natives  tattoo  themselves,  the  number  and  style  of  this  decoration  indicating  their  rank. 
The  sad  fact  impresses  itself  upon  the  traveler  as  he  looks  upon  these  millions  of  Aborigines  in  the  South  Pacific,  that  little  can  be  done  to  improve  them.  They  are  doomed.  If  left  alone, 
and  to  the  gradual  development  of  centuries,  they  might  perhaps  evolve  themselves  into  a  higher  order  of  humanity.  But  like  the  North  American  Indians,  they  are  disappearing  rapidly 
before  n  new  and  sturdier  race,  and  the  islands  and  continents  of  the  great  southern  ocean  will  ...on  he  peopled  only  by  tlieir  conqueror*. 


HAKHtiK  OF  AUCKLAND,  NF.W  ZEALAND  — Auckland  hn»  Item  called  Ihr  Naples  uf  Ns-  w  Zealand,  oud  theCorintb  of  the  !*.«•  ill*  .  bo  now  of  the  lu-auty  of  it«  situation  In  the 

•eu.  It  i»  tile  llr* l  port  touched  at  by  aleumera  going  from  Ilotiolillu  to  Sydney,  Australia,  It.  clitimte  is  ...  .nluhrious  tlmt  It  i«  regarded  n.  a  health-resort.  To  the  average  American 
New  Zealand  i.  nlino.t  unknown,  and  lie  hnnlly  realize*  tlmt  Lore  on  the  other  aide  of  the  global*  a  flourishing  city  of  TO.OOO  inhabitant.,  with  hospital*.  public  libraries,  imueuiu*.  theatre, 
opera  house*  and  botanical  gardens.  whilea  lubmarine  cable  keep*  it  "in  touch  "  with  all  the  rest  of  the  world.  The  whole  of  New  Zealand  i»  OUbject  to  enrthqtmVe*.  which  ncv.  rth. 
do  not  teem  to  interfere  with  its  prosperous  development.  In  one  small  area  it  i»  pouiblo  to  count  sixty  volcini.  cones!  On  that  account  until  recently  thi.  cits  was  almost  entirely  built 
of  wood.  In  the  suburbs  of  Auckland  arc  extensivo  forest*  of  (treat  value.  Tlicir  large  straight  trees,  often  one  hundred  feel  in  height,  are  »aid  to  make  the  hr  .t  ship  tlinls  r  in  the  world. 
These  trees  „rc  valuable  also,  not  merely  from  their  wood,  but  from  a  peculiar  gum  which  they  produce,  and  which  is  exported  in  large  quantities.  This  gum  i»  a  depoait,  not  of  the  living 
tree,  but  of  the  dead  one*!  It  i. found  usually  several  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  tree,  which  sometimes  ha.  a  diameter  of  tlfteen  feel  It  looks  like  amber,  and  i*  principally  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  varnish.  New  Zealand  consists  of  three  islands,  the  area  of  which  is  aim  .st  equal  to  that  of  England,  Scotland  and  Ireland.  From  il»  extensive  seaboard,  therefore,  it 
closely  reaotnblea  the  mother  country. 


ROYAL  PALACE,  HONOLULU,  SANDWICH  ISLANDS  —If  this  rcaidcncv  <>f  Hie  King  of  the  Sandwich  Island*  appear*  plain  an  •  unpretending,  we  have  only  to  mull  the  fart  that 
Honolulu  harbor  was  discovered  lew  than  u  hundred  ycam  ago  1 1?04>  by  Captain  Brown,  who  was  promptly  murdered  by  the  native.  Croat  change*  have  certainly  taken  place  hen-  in  a 
Century '  The  contnut  between  this  palace  of  King  Knlnkuu  and  tiic  hut  of  one  of  hi*  royal  ancestors  ia  a*  remarkable  at  that  between  the  palace  of  the  Herman  Emperor  and  thi*  abode 
of  royalty  In  Honolulu.  Some  members  of  the  nival  family  arc  visible  in  this  illustration  at  the  left.  King  Kalakun  »Und«  l»  «ide  the  loftj  palm  trep,  and  near  him  arc  In*  wlfr  anil 
daughter.  In  tho  rear  ia  aeon  Col.  Judd,  Ilia  Secretary  of  8tnto,  If  •*  Divinity  doth  hedge  a  King  "  in  there  days  of  Democracy,  a  tailor  must  help  make  the  king  divine.  A  uniform, 
even  though  it  be  a  somi-civiliml  one,  ia  more  imposing  than  a  plain  sack  coat,  and  a  diadem,  even  if  it  bo  of  feathers,  is  preferable,  for  a  monureh,  to  n  straw  hat,  such  an  are  worn  by  nil 
the  world  beside*.  A  broad  piaua  entirely  surrounds  till*  palace.  It*  chief  apartment  is  one  in  which  the  throne  is  placed,  and  where  the  royal  levee*  are  held  Honolulu  itself  has  n 
population  of  about  14,000  souls  The  building*  consist  largely  of  one-story  wooden  house*,  mingled  with  grass  but*  embowered  in  luxuriant  foliage.  Still  it  ha*  seven!  churches,  hotels 
and  public  buildings  of  some  architectural  beauty.  Its  streets  are  straight  and  clean  Charming  tropical  scenery  abounds;  and  then-  is  always  pleawnt  foreign  society  here,  chiefly  Kngliih 
and  American.  Honolulu  can  not  be  called  isolated  from  the  world,  forateamere  run  thence  to  San  Franm-co,  Australia,  England.  New  York,  Germany,  Chum  and  Peru 

437 


VALPARAISO  IIAKUOR,  CIIII.I— Sautiago,  the  capital  of  Chili,  lieu  inland  about  a  hundred  mile*  from  Valparaiso,  which  I*  it •  celebrated  sea-port.  The  Ray  of  Valporai»o.  although 
containing  nlwnya  a  multitude  of  steamers,  iron-clnd*,  sailing  ship*  nnd  smaller  craft,  is  by  no  meant  an  ideal  one  It  i»  very  dangerously  esposed  to  northeru  wind*.  but  is  provided  with 
n  line  Mole  furnished  with  excellent  hydraulic  machinery  for  unloading  slops  from  foreign  land*.  A  long  »wecp  of  quay*  i»  formes!  about  the  curving  thore  by  an  immense  seawall  Xmr 
the  Mole  are  the  oxtemivo  buildings  of  the  Custom  house  and  bonded  wnrvhousea.  Prom  the  Imrlior  the  city  climbs  inland  up  the  hill*,  terrace  above  terrace.  Valparaiso  is  considered  to 
be  quite  uu  English  town.  At  all  oveuta  English  ship*  are  always  flouting  in  its  bay.  The  English  tongue  is  bran)  continually  upon  it*  streets.  A  number  of  it*  inn*  have  such 
emphatically  British  names  a*  "  The  Queen's  Arm*,"  and  the  *•  Red  Lion.''  German  influence  is  also  fell  very  strongly  here.  The  troth  is  that  European  capital  ho*  been  so  lavishly 
invested  in  Chili,  that  European  agents  must  come  here  to  look  after  it,  Busy  w  ith  the  development  of  our  own  enormously  productive  country,  we  have  had  in  the  I'nitcd  States  only  a 
faint  idea  of  the  imturiil  resources  of  the  South  American  republics.  Foreigners,  however,  have  long  lincc  discovered  these,  and  uow  in  almost  every  port  along  the  coast  of  Chili  can  be 
found  coloniea  of  English  and  Germans,  maungiug  great  business  enterprises  and  accumulating  fortunes  rapidly.  Until  recently  the  Chilians  themselves  have  not  cugaged  in  large 
commercial  scheme*.  Some  of  them  hnvo  made  enormous  fortunes  in  mining,  but  as  a  rule  they  are  content  with  an  easy  life  of  pleasure,  and  allow  foreigo  capital  and  enterprise  to  open  up 
ami  utilize  the  natural  riches  of  their  country. 


430 


HAClO^i- 


NATION  M  CONGHBS9.  SANTIAGO,  CIIII.I  -Santiago,  the  Chilian  capital,  i»  situated  near  the  foot-hills  of  the  And,-.  far  enough  inland  I, . the  roast  to  I*  wife  at  least  from 

made  from  the  mean.  It.  el, mate  i.  delightful.  The  temperature  range,  from  53*  Fahrenheit  in  winter  to,, . .  7:.  in  . . -r.  iron  full,  tie  r.  wily  during  the  four  winter 

Mane  of  it-  public  building*,  like  thia,  it-  Hall  of  Congress,  arc  cvei-edingly  handsome.  and  it  contain.  »  great  Dumb,  r  of  ta-te ful  and  even  .  I,  gant  '■  -idem 
inhabitant,  and  a.  mo.t  of  them  are  arena  to  walking.  Iranian  are  well  palmnlmt  The  condurton  of  the.,  public  velu.  b  .  are  9,rU.  win...  anifoRD  c 
for  ailtor  coin  They  .eem  to  perform  their  duties  modestly  and  satisfactorily.  nnd  this  peculiarity  of  Chilian  street  Ilf®  may  citend  furthet 
story,  and  are  built  tu  lightly  us  powible  for  fear  of  earthquake.;  but  some  more  modern  structure 
glory  i.  braced  together  with  iron.  Tlicrv  i.  in  Santiago  a  large  and  elegant  theatre  which  ha.  a  regular  opera 
of  Chili  i*  a  Republic,  and  it*  Constitution  U  modeled  after  that  of  the  United  State*  The  President  i 
composed  of  a  Chamber  „f  Deputies,  olccted  by  the  department.  the  proportion  of  one  deputy  f. 
the  rate  of  one  senator  for  every  three  deputies.  The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  mag 


ittnckn 
nnths. 

has  about  100.000 
■n.ist a  of  a  white  apron  and  a  bag 
-thwarri!  Mo.t  of  the  buildings  have  but  one 
thick  brick  walls  and  massive  stone  foundations,  while  the  second 
m  and  many  entertainments  given  by  traveling  companies  The  Government 
fled  every  fire  yrarv  The  legislative  power  reside.  in  a  National  Congress 
inhabitant*,  and  of  a  Senate,  whoa*  members  are  elected  by  popular  vote  at 
appointed  by  the  President. 


e  made  with  v 


141 


,»A89  op  USPAMiATA.  ANDES  MOV ’STAINS.  SOUTH  AMKK1CA  To  rm«  the  Amlew  1*  by  no  moan,  no  rrvay  undertaking.  Much  of  (I.,  route  i*  pmetlmllj  through .... 

ungrv  glare.  Kora  long  dl.tnticc  there  i*  no  ahnde,  no  aheller,  mid  worse  than  nil,  no  water.  The  dry  dual, 
rr«  until  one  *uffrra  Inlrnarly.  Scanty  ahnilw,  cactnv,  and  mtrrilr  rlifT*»uiceed  each  other  mile  after  atilt  to  dreary 

unpletrd,  will  bo  n  wonderful  triumph  of  engineering 

.  fodder  for  the  nniinals  Ihcmwlvc*.  Over  thi*  fearful  route,  however,  the  telegraph  wire  g.T*  from  the  Argentine 

ruble*.  At  the  higheot  |Mirl  of  the  p.w»,  nearly  1:1,001)  feet  above  the  level  of  the.cn,  tome  traveler*,  and  even  m.ilea 
of  the  uir.  Pcnona  th.u  affected  often  bleed  at  the  na*c  and  lung*.  and  urc  aometimea  compelled  to  retrace  theiratepa. 

■  lircn  blown  down  precipice*  to  destruction.  Every  afternoon  the  wind  blow*  with  great  violence,  anil  it  i»con*idere*l 
for  these  hnrdohipt  the  wenery  i*  frequently  grand  licyond  dowription,  and  the  docent  into  the  valley*  of  Chili  i* 


desert.  Hare  granite  rock*  rive  on  every  aide  and  rcllcct  the  * 
loo  toned  bv  the  itrong  wind*,  parchoa  the  throat  and  inti. 

monotony.  ’  From  time  to  time  one  come*  upon  a  ramp  of  engineer*  engaged  ...  ... reeving  a  route  for  the  railway,  which,  when 
»kill.  To  these  cam  pa  everything  hna  to  be  carried  on  mule-back, 

Republic  into  Chili,  |m*smg  the  a.iiumit  of  the  Anile,  iu  uodergrouni 
and  horse*,  have  great  dilUc.ilty  in  breathing,  owing  to  the  rarefaction 
At  time*,  too.  meli  gale* of  wind  prevail  here  that  men  and  mule*  liavi 
much  »nfer  to  crow)  the  ere.t  in  the  early  morning.  Hut  to  com  pen  .ate 
onchiintiugly  beautiful. 


MT  C'HIMBOHAZO,  E(’l  ADOR,  SOUTH  AMERICA  — Thi»  most  famous  of  all  thcmountain  poaksof  the  Andes,  31.400  fort  in  height,  was  f.n  many  years  supposed  t<>  be.  not  only  the 
highest  summit  of  tin-  Ami.  ..  lmt  the  highest  in  the  worhl.  Hut  nftcr  year*  of  adventurous  travel  uud  more  ...  curate  .m  a.nrrment.,  it  ..  now  found  to  rank  only  «  Hie  *i*th  ...  I»  ight 
The  Nevndo  lie  Soratn  now  acknowledged  to  be  the  loftiest  mountain  peak  of  this  famous  group,  reaches  the  altitude  of  83,300  feet,  or  nearly  four  thousand  f-»  t  higher  thau  it»  more 
famous  rival  Ml  Chln.lmnuo  i.  surrounded  I.T  high  tableland*,  above  which  it  rise.  only  18,000  feet  :  «o  that,  stupendous  n.  it  is.  .t.  enonmm.  altitude  enn  only  be  fully  rc..lu.-d  when 
viewed  from  a  grant  di.t ance.  Humboldt  and  hi*  party  of  explorer*  made  most  astnordlnary  efforts  in  1808  to  reach  it*  snow-rrowoed  pinnacle,  hut  with  all  their  strenuous  elections  they 
onlv  succeeded  in  reaching  n  point  about  8.000  feet  abort  of  it*  nummit.  The  whole  party  .ulTer.il  intensely  from  the  usual  Inconveniences  of  such  high  altitudes,  breathing  with  difficulty  and 
the’  blood  bursting  from  their  eye*  and  lip*  They  found  themselves  surrounded  by  thick  fogs  and  in  an  atmosphere  of  the  met  intense  cold.  They  made  unusual  efforts  to  gam  ..  .till 
higher  point  but  found  themselves  entirely  blocked  by  an  utterly  impassable  chasm,  and  in  this  vast  Held  of  unfathomed  and  unfathomable  snow,  were  compelled  to  ralm  tacitly  commence 

the  descent.  Ill  1831  an  attempt  was  mode  by  another  traveler.  Honslngnult,  to  reach  the  summit,  but  lie  also  failed,  although  he  succeeded  in  arriving  at  a  point  a a,(l  ^'her 

than  Humboldt  had  done.  viz.  an  altitude  of  111,080  feet,  but  it*  snow-crowned  summit  still  delle.  the  efforts  of  man  and  remain* uncompleted.  The  appearance  of  this  peak  from  the  I  antle 
const  is  peculiarly  grand,  and  although  800  miles  distant,  it  is  distinctly  defined  against  the  blue  sky. 

44A 


HARBOR  OK  RIO  JANKIRO.  BRAZIL  -Who  has  not  heard  of  the  glorious  harbor  of  Rio  Janeiro,  the  priucipul  sea-port  of  South  America!  N  .  matter  how  exper . e.l  the  traveler  may 

!„  who  cuter*  thin  commodious  ami  lovely  ahevt  of  water,  ho  at  once  acknowledge*  that  it  i«  unsurpassed  t.v  nuy  harbor  in  the  world.  The  entrance  to  it  t»  between  t»"  steep  hill*,  each 
more  than  1,000  feel  in  height  The  <poce  lie  tween  them  I*  only  1,700  yard*  wide,  and  at  the  base  of  each  hill  i*  a  fort  Iteynnd  that  n.rr-.w  portal,  however,  there  are  n>r.,  *;v  •->/«  «/ 

anthnr.ujt  This  bay  ha*  a  width  varying  from  two  to  aeven  mile*,  anil  extends  inland  from  the  ocean  for.ixlr.n  mile*  It.  coast  line,  without  .minting  minor  irrrgulanti.  *.  no  wire*  *nty 
mile.  Moreover,  nil  around  thi*  hind-locked  harbor  arc  picturesque.  mountains  and  heaullfully  rounded  hills  of  varied  forms  largely  cover.-.!  with  luxuriant  vegetation  l  i...u  the  howmi 
of  thi*  buv  of  Rio  are  many  island*,  varying  in  site  from  some  which  are  *ix  mile*  long  and  have  a  population  of  3,800  people,  down  to  little  i.leU  having  only  a  few  dwellings.  Near  the 
rity  it«rlf  there  are  estentive  dock  yards  where  most  of  the  Brazilian  cruisers  have  Iwrn  Imilt  Herr.  too.  ia  the  Sara!  Arsenal  of  the  country  A*  might  supp-sed,  the  masting  and 
foreign  trading  hero  i*  enormous,  and  the  harlior  of  Rio  always  presents  n  very  animated  and  pleasing  appearance,  for  merchant  vessels  strnmer*  and  war-ship*  from  all  the  quartets  of  the 
globe  nro  ofton  congregated  hero  in  great  number*.  ^ 


BOTANICAL  DAHDENS  AND  M  l  .  COHCOVADO.  KIO  DB  JANKIIK),  BRAZIL.— Just  outside  the  city  limits  la  a  park  of  which  all  Broillinn*  *re  justly  proud  Tl..  Ilotsnicnl  hardens 
of  i{i0  arc  indeed  ruined  throughout  tint  world,  out?  particularly  lovely  feature  of  them  being  u  long,  straight  avenue  of  majestic  palm  IW'.  The  vegetation  around  tlie  riiy  i«.  m  nlmost 
any  diivction,  so  luxuriant  and  beautiful  that  our  writer  ha*  declared  that  the  bay  of  R«..  ia  Mho  gate  to  a  tropical  paradise."  The  raid  lending  t«.  this  Uotaim.il  I ‘ark  i*  nothing  hut  a 
continuous  garden  in  itself  Here  almost  every  variety  of  tropical  fruit  abounds,  an- 1  Howcra  «*f  rare  beauty  fill  the  air  with  a  delicious  fragrance  Clow  by  tin*  i*  Mount  l/orcoradcx. 

three  thousand  feet  In  height,  on  which  there  i>  u  eopiu*  spring  of  clear,  cold  water  This  is  the  principal  water  supply  of  the  Unuitian  capital,  and  the  pre  eoi.  Ii,,unl . nveyed  to  the 

reservoirs  and  numerous  fountains  of  the  city  by  mean*  of  an  aqueduct,  built  more  than  a  century  ago  It  i>  twelve  miles  long,  and  . .  valley  uincts  feet  d«T  ..n  two  gn-at 

tins  of  arches.  If  u  citiren  of  Uio  were  asked  which  be  considered  the  two  most  charming  feature*  of  his  city,  he  would  probably  reply  "The  view  of  our  incomparable  Bay.  and 
our  magnificent  Botanical  Gardens." 


I.A  Gl’AIRA.  VKN1./.1  KLA  -Vcner.ueln  is  <i  portion  of  South  America  to  which  more  and  more  truvoUra  are  resorting  every  winter.  A  lino  of  stcainera  run  rt  gulnrly  from  New  York  to 
1m  Guaim,  whirl!  I.  the  prioclpul  seaport  ..f  the  Republic.  It  i.  intcrc.tlng  to  remember  th.it  the  court  of  Vcnenwla  wn»  the  Act  part  of  the  American  mainland  *ighted  hy  Columbus 
when,  during  hi*  third  voyage  iu  1-m  lie  wiled  along  a  portion  of  the  Orinoco  river.  In  the  following  year  a  much  greater  extent  of  the  country  wa.  diacovered  by  ..ther  navigator*.  among 
whom  was  the  celebrated  Amerigo  Vespucci.  whuao  name  was  given  to  both  the  Northern  and  Southern  continent*  loi  G  naira  is  n  place  of  great  activity.  Situated  on  the  Caribbean  «-».  it 
i*  only  live  mile*  from  Canteen*,  of  which  it  i*  the  port  It  hue  practically  only  two  .treet*.  extending  cast  and  wet,  and  occupies  a  narrow  atripof  hind  between  the  mountain*  and  the  sea. 
Although  it  i«  the  unit  frequented  sea-port  on  the  const,  nevertheless,  when  nhipe  have  unloaded  their  cargooa  at  l.n  Guaim,  they  often  go  on  further  to  secure  safer  anchorage.  The  climate 
of  I  .a  Guaira  is  <  ..n.idrrcd  healthy  (for  Venezuela,  n«  yellow  fever  i»  not  ao  prevalent  there,  a*  in  many  other  plu.  e.  on  the  ahore;  but  the  heat  i.  excessive,  the  mercury  frequently  ranging 
from  100  to  110  degree*  Fahrenheit.  The  principal  export  of  La  Guniro  U  coffee,  and  in  re.pect  to  the  fwonfi/y  of  coffee  shipped  to  foreign  land*  Venenala  rank,  fifth  among  the  coffee 
producing  countries  of  the  world. 


[•  commercially 


Bullfight* 

Opera  Singer*  cm**  thi'  Atlantic 

t  of  devotion  to  every  lover  of  the  •*  fragrant  weed." 


eburming  climate  nn>l  delightful  aoenery.  Hut.  u*  in  many  other  |wrtiou»  of  the  world, 

I  many  mile*  of  territory 
Icr  more  favorable  rendition*  can  be  ca*ilj  imagined,  when  we 
client  tteamcr*  now  bring  the  traveler  from  New  York  in  four  day* 
I  urn  led  80  pupul.rbn.  U.i.  Irip  hroumv  ihnt  gno.1  hnl.L  l„.»o  hr,-.,  I-ontlnlolrf  hrro .  «hld>  in  .hr  winPr  month,  of  olM  rto».lr.l  .Ith  [of  n-nrn. 

.,[  u, 0  upper  room.  „(  11, . hotel.  1.  -I  grrot  btr.t.1.  -  W  mu™  «»«»•  '•  SP*"',h  *"  "'“"Ipro.  “‘T 

•  ffro.r,.,.  Matador*  remc  over  bore  from  Spain  to  win  new  laurrl*  in 

,»  of  the  tobacco  plaut  which  the  world  know*,  and  a  genuine  “  Havana ” i»  almoat 


HAVANA.  CUBA.  -Culm  i»  natunillj  n  wonderfully  fertile  and  productive  inland,  hh 
man  linatoo  frequently  undone  and  ipoiled  nil  that  indulgent  Nature  hi 

once  covered  with  large  eat.it.-*  of  augor.  coffee  and  tobacco.  What  the  city  of  Havana  might 

i„  . . mini  .ilu.tinn  r.n.l  rhr  ronrv.Iou.lj  rlA  ru.rntr,  MM  it.  .1  which  «  '■  •*■  PMrol  «•»..,  k. 

o  New  York-  A*  i*  well  known,  in  Cuba  are  produced  the  flncat  apecimcm 


4SU 


P  \  Noll  AM  A  OF  TIIK  CITY  OF  MEXICO  -The  view  *if  Mexico  from  the  Cathedral  tower*  i*  tK'uutiful.  You  then  |>c  revive  at  once  the  .Hunt . «f  tin*  Capital  of  the  Monlctumai.  It 

In  .‘nil, IO.I  in  the  center  of  u  vnllev  in.  ir.  le.l  l.y  . untnime  In  the  .li.Unee,  glittering  like  n  l.rlt  of  <|ui.  k.ilver,  i*  u  line  of  >ix  lake*.  Which  hive  of . .  a  source  of  per, l  to  the  city  on 

a,  count  of  . . nuudiitinn*."  Im.i.odiatcly  below  the  lower*  i*  the  Plan.  Mayor,  the  great  ..pn.re  of  the  city,  which  400  year*  ago  an  open  .pace  in  front  of  the  Arte,  temple  On 

on.  aide  ol  tin.  extend,  tin-  enormou.  National  Pnlaee,  built  by  the  Spaniard*  more  than  two  hundred  year.  ago.  Since  that  time  it  ho*  been  the  head,, mirier*  of  the  varum*  government*, 
with  which  poor  Mexico  Im.  been  blessed  or  coracd.  There  lived,  for  example,  during  their  brief  reign,  Maximilian  and  Carlotta.  ill-fated  « 
we* torn  world ;  there  President  Din*  bn*  lii»  official  rooms  to  day;  and  within  it*  Inrge  c 

octuple*  rare  fomirrl*  the  Imperial  reridenrr  of  the  Alt*C  Sovereign*.  In  looklug  down  thu.  on  the  City  of  Mexico 

wa.  ,1  kind  of  Venice  Tlie  Indian*,  for  punxue#  of  defense,  hnd  chosen  a  lake  forlhcir  abode,  end  Mexico  w»»  lit .  .  ,  .  ;  ,x. 

. .  („  1,1,  ,l„  (taqu.'.  Tlir  SpuhxL  li.orar.  Oil . .  . .  * . .  m*  I.  pne—Oim.  tbOW.  n«»*nri  «p  «d  ili-pperf.  Oo  .  torn  ,IW  tom  ito 

Cathedral  tower*  the  grand  volconoc*.  Popocatepetl  and  Ixtncclhuatl,  ore  distinctly  viaiblo,  riling  like  rone*  ol  fronted  »ilr«r  on  the  »kv. 

458 


of  Napoleon'*  drraui  of  empire  in  thi* 
eh.auro  are  the  National  Mu.eum  and  the  Po*t  Office.  Upon  the  .pace  which  thi*  cm.nnoii*  structure 
e  recollect*  that  at  the  time  wheu  Cortex  captured  and  destroyed  it,  it 
I  Mexico  wa*  thu-  mtrr.rrte.1  by  mile*  of  thaw  liquid  street.  %o  charmingly  .lexenbed  by 


t 


THE  CATHEDRAL,  CITY  OF  MEXICO.— Tin-  Mexican  Cathedral  i«  tin  most  Imposing  utociun  lu  flic  city,  li-  corner  Mono  was  laid  in  1578.  and  the  building  the  site  <>fthe 

Kfi-ut  Axtcc  temple  destroyed  by  the  Spuuiurds  when  they  raptured  tho  cupful  of  the  Monti-minus  in  1431 .  The  entire  i».t  of  tills  cathedral  wai  about  two  million  dollar*  l  lie  (treat  l*H, 
nineteen  feet  high,  in  one  of  it*  tower*,  alone  co»l  ten  thousand  dollar*  It  i«  built  of  Stone  and  its  dimension*  nr.  impressive,  the  length  of  the  edits.  ■  ■  being  nearly  four  bundled  feet,  and 
the  towers  two  huudred  snd  three  feet  in  altitude.  The  interior,  though  grand  from  it*  magnitude,  i*  somewhat  disappninting.  It*  wooden  floor  i*  hardly  worthy  -t  ...  prominent  a  »hnne 
as  this,  and  tho  decoration*  are  neither  tasteful  nor  comparable  to  tin.*.-  ..f  th  -  notable  Eciropttin  cathedral*.  An  enormous  amount  of  money,  however,  has  been  eapended  here  It*  high 
altar  i*  said  to  have  once  been  the  richest  in  the  world,  hut  htisl.ccn  repeatedly  plundered  of  it*  treasure*.  A  balustrade  of  great  value  still  surround.  the  choir.  Some  "f  chapel*  have 
fine  painting*,  but  one  can  hnnlly  appreciate  them  in  the  dim  light  which  only  partially  reveal,  their  beauty.  Hero  are  buried  many  of  the  old  Spanish  Viceroys,  a*  well  a*  the  first 
Emperor  of  Mexico,  Augustin  Iturhide.  In  front  of  this  cathedral  i*  the  Plata  Mayor,  the  great  square  of  die  city,  which  always  presents  a  very  animate.!  appearance,  and  quite  near  the 
sacred  edifice  i*  the  attractive  flower-market*  where  Indian  women  oiler  superb  bouquet*  of  flower*  for  a  mere  trifle. 

457 


Gl'W'AJrvrO  IIIINICO.-O . Mil.  ouplbll  of  .  MO  Iho  -m..  nun*.  3»  mil,.  north  of  Ik'd,  of  *.«*•  In  n.™  i.ni.l  Btanbn.  au.iuri  fnioi.n  Mln^.iuU 

.  i  [.  |Mi„,  . .  „  bo  i  jin  I  III  „|  III. . .  I.  ...I  uutqiio  „..l„.  I.  mi  .iin.viii.ii.lv  pioduitiI.il  mining  own  Onuotliumfn..  Inu»d  bob...  pool . I  ooooiltb 

In  iiiitiinl  pi. . u  . . .  *1.  OOP. . .  n  I-  . .  ••'•T  . . *  . .  "I""“  ""  . .  . . .  . . «*  '  l,"“  . .  '  '.‘.ini 

oppunntl  j  urn.l  th.r . unblip,  do.,, ...  gnnl  cnl„.,.„,  *i.„  .  ..  di-ooni.1  hum  >u  1310.  ...I  .  . . .  . .  .Ir.M.  ........  ....  .hub  ...  I  lb . ”  h”  J 

•  lrru.un  b.uiu  of  ...III.  On.  uun,  bou.T.  r,  low  I . roll...  of  .u.b  nobon  In  llm  to.  n  If  .  If  Thuulmelnon  . . .  r...,Kbl;  pu.nl  uu.l  IM  o.ih  dlmgiooublo  ,*i»  TO.  buibl.nn 

. . .  „|  .  few  I........  In  lb.  upp.  r  purl  of  lb.  oitj.  nr,  ,u  plum  ..  though  Uu.udj.,.ul  bill.  u.r.  moun.l.  of  rood.  i 

•ml  wretched.  Urrnt  tlmids  anmrtimre  occur  her*  ocmsionlog  Iom  of  lifr  and  piupnty.  Some  handwin 
tbi»  plncc,  aside  from  the  picturesque  and  mcdiwval  feature*  of  tin-  town  itself. 


instead  of  silver,  nnd  the  |»oor  Indiana  look  a*  usual  ragged 
«.  churches,  the  Citadel,  tin-  Mini,  nnd  I  lie  Silver  Mills  reward  the  travelers  visit  to 


430 


Miserable  hovels  constructed  out  of  wk«  of  sun-dried  clay, 
tiiijv  .ill'll  arc  loo  frequently  the  abode  of  thousand.  upon 
1  Indian.  In  that  he  lives  move,  ami  hn.  IiU  being.  Wnppii 


STRAW  COTTAGES,  SALAMANCA.  MEXICO.— The  avenge  dwelling  of  the  poor  Mexican  Indian  I*  a  wretched  o 
or  hilt*  made  of  nil  aorta  of  refine.  inch  n»  discarded  nillroa.l  lies  angar-enne  .talks  old  barrel  atnvce  nml  hit.  of 

of  the  native,  of  Mexico.  A  blanket,  usually  of  it  brilliant  color.  i«  the  r«r/  home  of  the  average  Hex . .  .  , , 

>.ll  for  hours  looking  like  a  wiled  barber'.  |»le  When  night  tome,  he  will  change  hi.  |>uu 

•utud  but  it  1»  hnnl  to  believe  it  In  view  of  their  condition. 

. . ! . .  . . . J  z.  mi  to.!,  I*. o, . eg  T  -3. 

. . - -v-s-  - . T"."'  "rr-  L . L- . —  ™. 

.«  »  proof  of  the  capacity  of  the  native*  under  favorable 
1  Mexico  ho.  ever  produced,  wiu  a  full-blooded  Iudiao. 


it  to  hia  chin  about  hi*  thin  ahirt  nntl  IrouMre  of  white  cotton,  he  lean*  ftfi'niuat  r 

„  . . r.  M  hi,  col, .red  I . ,kcl  will  .till  cii vi- hip  him.  Tin',,  Indian.  «M  I"  h.  gra.mlly  h.p,.;  • 

'  ren  timid  look,  like  that  of  a  well  meaning  dog  that  had  been  beaten  1 

slaughtered  them,  however,  by  thauund*  and  .cited  upon  their  land,  like 
to  ameliorate  their  situation.  There  are  about  «r«i  million.  ..f  them  who  mu.t  be  educated  and  elevated  before  Mexico  c 
now  being  attempted  by  a  system  of  public  instruction,  which  ha.  In  the  la.i  few  ycore accomplished  good  WHilU 
condition*,  it  should  be  remembered  that  Pre.Ulcnt  Junto*,  probably  the  ablest  n 


mi 


AOl  FDl  fT  NEAR  QrBKBTAHO,  MRXICf).— A  little  distance  from  the  pretty  cit*  of  Quorelaro  In  Mexico,  the  Mexicau  Ccntrnl  Railroad  beneath  a  fine  ..one  aqueduct  »hich 

J.  bul|,  in  1738  by  the  Spaniard*  at  a  nut  of  *l.'V'*no  Of  tbix  »um.  about  *82.000  wru  contributed  by  one  private  individual!  I.  convey*  the  c.ty  dear  •print;  »•'  ««urcr  of 

whirl,  it  In  the  mountain.  five  mile  away.  The  water  U  at  fir.,  brought  through  .  tunnel,  and  finally  make.  it.  «r,um,,ha.  entry  Into  Itohto  toitafe 

highest  of  which  i.  ninety  two  feet  i.boyc  the  ground  The  water  aupply  of  the  city  i.  thereby  rendered  ample  and  whole-.,,,,,  and  there  are  m  -re  th.n  twenty  fount., n.  w.thin  it  l,m  k 

Qik- retnro  itself  is  one  of  the  prettiest  of  Mexican  town,  containing  nearly  30.000  inhabitant*  and  . .  also,,  <1,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  It  wo. here  ha  the  nhort-h  l 

?,„pe,or.  Maximilian.  >va.  b,!  rayed  and  arre.ted  in  1807.  and  on  a  little  eminence  near  the  town,  on  the  l»>h  of  June  . . year,  he  was  -hot  by  ordo  of  the  n.e"«;  * 

'  ...  ....  ..  .,  . -  ■<._ . .,..n.n>  >n»ri,in>e  Oin  nUi-iu  where  the  unfortunate  tno  fell.  Maximilian*  body xu  ■ulwrtpieotly  attot  luck  t 


hi*  i 

Europe  in  the 
here  a  new  uud  glorious  dynasty. 


on  the  10th  of  June  that  *i 

loading  general*.  Minxu.on  and  Mchia.  Upon  that  hil>  arc  now  three  column,  marking  the  ,, lares  where  the  unfortunate  I,  ...  . .  hnnrt  of 

.hip  which,  only  three  year*  before,  had  brought  him  and  hi.  beautiful  young  wife.  -  Poor  Carlo. u. "out  to  Mex.co.  in  perfect  health  and  w.th  h.gh  hope,  of  founding 
Here  also  ,n  1848  the  treaty  of  peace  between  Mexico  and  the  United  State*  ««»  ratified 


408 


noi'SES  op  PARLIAMENT,  OTTAWA.  CANADA  —In  1M8  CJu*-ou  Victoria  .elected  Ottawa  <•»  the  .eat  the  Canadian  Government.  and  .t  ■  •  consequently  the  «l>ltal  "f  Dominion 

n,  Canada  It  i.acitv  of  only  about  40.000  inhabitant*  but  it.  Government  Bulldlnjn  would  do  honor  to  any  capital.  They  form  three  aidn  of  a  quadrangle  »nd  are  ..h.a.eil  no  an 

eminence  150  feet  above  the  Ottawa  River.  Owning  on  area  of  nearly  four  acre.,  their  co.t  wn.  four  million  dollar*.  They  are  substantial  ami  yet  extremely  ora. me 1 . . 

The  general  stylo  of  their  architecture  i*  Italian-, Jothh .  The  archc.  of  the  door,  and  window,  are  of  red  «nd«nne.  and  . . .  and  arch,-,  of  the  lr«..lat.ve  chamber.  are  marble. 

The  roof*  are  rendered  attractive  In  mean,  of  variously  colored  lUtra.  anil  the  tower*  and  pinnacle,  are  adorned  with  iron  tr.  lh.  work  Tlie  interior  decoration,  of  ih..  e.lifl.*  are  a  ->  very 

HH,  an5  tasteful  including  the  Vie.  regal  . . .  and  throne,  a  marble  statue  and  portrait  of  Queen  Victoria,  and  lull-length  likened  of  (Jorge  III  and  Queen  t  harlotte  by  Sir  Joshua 

Reynold.  The  Library  of  the  Government  i*  a  very  handsome  and  valuable  portion  of  this  .tructure,  and  contain*  more  than  100.000  volume..  Ottawa  has  in  addition  to  the..-  House  of 
Pnrhfinmit  a  ne  cZdm  with  lof.v  spires.  and  an  imposing  Catholic  institution  known  a.  the  Gray  Nunnery.  A.  one  extremity  of  the  town  are  the  famou.  ChaudRrc  t  .IK  -»  which 
River  plunge,  over  «  rough  precipice  forty  feet  high  and  two  hundred  fee,  wide.  The  -  ChaudWre  «  iUelf  to,  .  .uhlroo)  D  of  unknown  depth  Jhe  ^ndtog  line  hunot 
found  bottom  even  with  n  length  of  300  feet.  It  may  perhnp.  he  added  that  down  the  Ottawa  River,  which  ia  thr  chief  tributary  of  the  M  lawrcncc,  a  «  ca 
Montreal  f  101  mile,  away)  in  nboutten  hour*.  a  pleasant  relief  from  railroad  travel. 

40.1 


been  r«>n«|»»r 
rniT«,  lntlgu 
of  Montreal 


which  have 
chnrelie*. 


MONTREAL  AND  MOUNT  ROYAL.  CANADA  Montreal,  the  commercial  metropoli.  ..f  Cnnuda.  ..  a  very  attractive  city.  lo«t«l  »n  ihr  i«  •'  •itnotion  which  the  Si  Diwrct.ce  River 
oiler*  lifter  Quebec  It«  population  i.  nhout  111,000,  of  whom  78.000  are  of  French  decent  Of  conrwj  th.  ',r'  c\f>-ii%tvc  y  u**  •  i>  rc  ""  ' 

nomilnlionofMoutrv.il  are  Roman  Catholic  The  city  inbuilt  upon  a  wrie.  of  termcM  which  lodioata  beyond  a  doubt  the  farmer  level,  of  the  river  It.  building,  art  n*  ••  c  a  .1  4  . 

nn(,  i„  «r  fln.lv  ,.av.xl  It  wiu  not  until  1700  that  the  French  power  in  Came  hi  wn.  finally  dc.troyvl  by  the  ■mmrmUr  of  Monlr.ah  Muee  then,  tbo'igb  it.  hi-  »  ; 5  • 

. . .  „  j  ».*  ...  * . . . . « . .  . . — *»«>  . . . ^ 

and  religion.  ,,v,,  to  the  place  a  certain  rivalry  of  thought  ami  interest  which  impart,  zet  an.l  rxrUv.i.c.it  to  othervv.c  unimportant  even...  One  of  th.  pr,nc,,Ul  Teaturea 

,  lone  w.-«l..l  ridge  behind  the  city.  750  feet  hiKh  »nd  covering  430  acre..  It  i.  Mount  Royal,  and  w...  purcha.ed  by  the  . . ipal  (lovcruiuent  for  a  pa  k  in .  I  U. 

i, Null  i.  MM  «...  I.  ” "**' I  l’l““ “d  *r 


i  built  to  the  very  top.  or  long  pallia  of  may  gride. 


407 


“Till-  I  lli >1  s.\M)  ISLANDS."  ST.  LAWRENCE  HI V' Kit,  (’ANAI)A.  —  Daunlly  n  name  like  flint  of  ‘Thr  Thouwind  Mandt ’’  i«  more  |H.eticnl  than  truthful,  and  «c  imilinuli  «irr.-v to 

ptnlou  tin  noci It  llcetue  ofouggeratlon  Butinthfai . fthaSt  laiwmce  Rlwr  tho  rn . ter  ol  .  . .  •••  ""  "  1 . . 

„m,,„  the  Inttclci.  tV.mmrn.  inj:  with  Wolf  liland.  almnt  .W  mile*  in  length.  they  gradually  inerrur  in  numlirr.  although  .liu.ini.hinK  in  .it.-.  f..rn.inK  lm.umrn.Mr  romhin.lnu...  t1...tn.K 

apparrnth  .t  time,  in  group*  ..r  cDo  ...  individual*.  ami  r.ittinjf  thus  the  mirfaee  of  I  he  .tram  into  u  mate  of  Intricate  ehannel*.  which  to  atourut  appear  brwildcrini:  >“ . h.r.mni: 

day  that  the  . . .  .pend*  in  Miliiur  in  and  out  along  thee  l«W»d  labyrinth*.  Some  «f  the  ••  tho.iwml  i.lr.  "  are  uninhabited,  ether*  are  owned  by  private  .n.U.  i.lu.l  -  and  hold 

. .  I.  l.lb*.  . .  ..,,1  . inn . md  h...  ...I . .  — »  Tt.  n.m«  U.lo.^1  u|.on  Mr  Mlim  lh 

opinion,  entertained  of  them  by  their  cntl.iuln.tic  ocrupant.  Thu.  the  three  idand*  vi.lble  in  thi*  illu.tratlon  are  mpcctivdy  called  "  Nobby,  •  Caitle  ltc»t  and  Wdcou..  II»UD 
are  alto  found  at  frequent  point,.  Boating  and  fld.ing  ate  the  principal  amu.ementa  of  the  "  Wander*."  and  them,  are  alway.  eloae  at  hand. 


-mn 


I  III-.  I II 11  hh  SISThUS,  i  AN  MOWS,  C  AN  \  1)1  AN  PA  l  IKK  It.  It  lln  scenery  along  tin-  ('iininJIiin  Pacific  It.  It,  i»,  at  curiam  poin(»,  magnificent.  Snow  covered  lu  nun  tain  a,  deep 
niviiun.  spark  li  tig  cascade*  and  lovely  valleys  succeed  each  other,  mile  after  tnilc  and  hour  after  hour,  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Rocky  Mountain*.  At  Canmoro  on  obM-rvution  ear  m 
attached  to  every  train  to  permit  the  passenger*  to  enjoy  an  unbroken  view  of  the  varied  and  imposing  panorama  visible  on  either  side.  A  prominent  feature  of  it  is  that  group  of  mountains 
known  a*  tin*  Three  Sister*,  beyond  which  other  peak*  arise,  like  suitors,  to  attend  them.  It  is  impossible  for  photographic  nrt  to  give  nny  adi-<|uate  idea  of  the  scenery  on  this  splendid 
route  to  the  Pacific  Sometime*  so  narrow  is  the  g»r.-e  that  no  possible  outlet  i«  discernible;  but  in  a  moment  more  an  unexpected  turner  gloomy  tunnel  transport*  the  long  drawn,  swiftly 
moving  retinue  of  human  lives  into  some  new  and  still  more  glorious  surroundings.  From  valleys  beautifully  fresh  uud  green  rise  countless  mountains  0,000  or  10.000  feet  in  height,  their 
sides  nml  summits  silver* white  with  snow,  rolling  aw  ay,  one  peak  beyond  another,  to  meet  the  sky.  ns  created  waves  might  look  to  occupants  of  a  little  boat  towed  in  the  hollows  of  a  stormy 
sea.  The  forms  of  these  wild  mountains  also  offer  infinite  variety;  being  at  times  pyramidal,  at  other  times  resembling  castles  with  projecting  tower*,  or  huge  cathedral*  with  their  filing 
buttresses  and  slender  spires;  while  glittering  glaciers,  too.  occasionally  reveal  themselves  like  jeweled  highways  of  the  Gods. 


471 


Ml'IH  GI.AC1KH,  ALASK  A 


Iicrt.  j„  |)(»l)ably  no  natural  feature  in  llii'  world  moro  awe-inspiring  nod  sublime  than  tho  stupendous  Muir  Glacier  in  Glacier  Bat,  Al»»k*.  In  the  rear 
11  me  uiuuuuiiu*  «uv.  .v.wU  feet  high.  Into  the  hay  it*clf  advance*  with  a  glittering  front  300  feet  high  and  <wr.i  milr  in  a  fn>/*n  river,  moving  steadily  and  rcsi»tlr»ly 

the  rate  uf  forty-four  feet  u  day  during  the  summer  month*!  Further  inland  it  Imm  width  of  three  milet,  and  is  fod  by  fifteen  minor  glaciers!  Kuursi.m  .tc-uner*  approach  it 
elotely  n»s«fety  permit*,  and  there,  filled  with  emotion*  too  profound  for  word*,  one  gate*  on  thi»  .lowly  moving,  tolidlflcd  Niagara,  from  wliieh  huge  iecl-erg,  fall  at  fropiee* 
with  explosion*  rmunbling  the  discharge*  of  a  cannon.  The  noise  of  the-  falling  inoiutera  it  well- nigh  ince.»aDt.  and  inter.|u-r«-d  with  these  repo 
glacier  iUclf.  cmi»cd  by  the  terrible  grinding  aud  compression  of  milliou*  of  ton*  of  ice  between  the  mighty  cliff*  through  which  thi.  fro 
nlwnyt  o  large  fleet  of  iceberg*.  Imrn  that  day  from  the  purent-mru*  and  tailiugoul  in  .plendor  ‘neatb  a  brilliant  *un  or  elw  in  tullen  inaj. 
the  ocean,  till  they  lo«c  thomwlvea  forever  in  it*  warm  embrace.  Moreover,  thi*  glacier  extend 
represented  here,  forever  pushing  outward  from  the  roountniuout  interior  thi*  gigantic  wedge! 
setting  .mi .  It  then  uppeara  the  birthplace  of  innumerable  rainbow*  or  n  mountain  of  prii 
Muir,  the  State  Geologist  of  California. 


bears  weird  ••mud*  within  the 
aids  the  sea.  In  front  of  it  i* 
beneath  the  cloud*,  to  float  thcuccforth  upon 
ly  300  feet  in  ktiyMahyt*  the  wave.,  but  400  feet  btbne  them !  Think  of  the  aw  ful  pon  cr 
ord»  con  point  the  glories  of  this  wall  of  ice  when  it  is  illumined  by  the  radianre  of  the 
The  name  of  (his  great  marvel  of  the  world  wa*  bestowed  upon  it  in  honor  of  Professor 


478 


TOTEM  POLKS,  ALASKA  In  front  of  tlic  ruile  cabins  of  Alaska  Indian*  ri«s  frequently  tall,  hideous  po»l»  sometime*.  100  feet  iu  height.  They  nre  called  Totem  Pole*.  Prom  top  to 
bottom  thoy  nrc  usually  curved  into  grotesque  resemblance*  to  linmnn  face*  or  else  to  form*  of  bear*,  wolves,  bird*  unit  fishes.  Just  wliat  they  signify  is  not  always  el.  or  Some  certainly 
commemorate  heroic  deeds  in  the  live*  of  those  beside  whose  home*  or  grave*  they  arc  erected.  Some  also  indicate  by  certain  marks,  resembling  rout*  of  arms,  the  family  or  tribe  to  which 
tho  dead  may  have  belonged.  One  totem  polo,  for  example,  may  represent  a  bear  and  a  gun.  rude  symbols  doubtless  of  the  fact  that  the  man  srhow  memory  is  thus  evoked  oocc  shot  » 
hear,  and  prolmbly  under  some  peculiar  circumstance*  deemed  worthy  of  commemoration.  Mn*t  of  them  ure  three  or  four  feet  in  diameter  mid  about  thirty  feet  high;  though  some  attain 
in  altitude  of  sixty,  eighty  and  even  one  hundred  feet.  The  height  of  the  pole  i*  supposed  to  have  denoted  the  rank  of  the  deceased.  Some  of  the  natives  value  these  ancestral  relic*  to 
inch  a  degree  that  they  refuse  to  part  with  them  at  any  price!  It  i*  supposed  that  only  rich  native,  could  have  had  the  honor  of  a  totem  pole.  Tlir  .  -.irving,  however  crudr  it  may  seem  to 
a*,  represented  a  great  deni  of  time  and  labor  for  the  native  sculptor.  Moreover,  it  was  customary  to  give  a  grand  banquet,  free  to  all  comers.  whenever  such  a  pole  wa*  raised.  Hence 
one  of  these  decorated  family  ornament*  probably  involved,  in  nil,  an  expenditure  of  severnl  hundred  dollar*. 

473 


THE  CAPITOL.  WASHINGTON,  I).  C.  Every  American  tuu  reason  to  be  proud  now  of  the  ceotrul  city  of  hi*  Government  It*  mile*  of  nsphalt  pavement,  it*  broad  aud  extensive 
avenue*.  it»  imposing  public  building*  anil  if*  many  elegant  residence*  render  it  a  very  beautiful  and  attractive  city.  Particularly  impressive  is  the  Capitol  itself  It*  noble  dome.  800 
feet  in  height,  i»  a  conspicuous  object  from  all  |xirtions  of  the  metropolis,  and  vuriflc*  the  poet's  line,  ••  A  thing  of  beauty  is  a  Joy  forever  "  One  never  wearies  ..f  beholding  it,  «o  ime  are 
its  proportions  and  *o  elegant  are  its  graceful  curves,  making  it  look  like  u  great  ntarblc  bell,  surmounted  by  a  bronsc  statue  of  Liberty.  A  beautiful  park  surround.-  the  hill  on  winch  the 
Capitol  is  located.  Ono  enters  it  through  lofty  irou  gates  and  makes  the  ascent  through  flower  beds,  terraces  and  fountains,  to  reach  at  last  a  broad  pluleau.  Upon  which  stands  this  grand 
assembling- place  of  the  representatives  of  our  grrst  Republic.  The  corner  stone  of  the  central  part  of  this  majestic  cdiflrc  was  laid  by  Washington  in  1708.  On  either  sole  of  this  is  a  white 
marble  wing  148  feet  long  and  3.10  feet  deep  These  spacious  structure*  to  the  right  and  left  of  the  niagiiifleent  doincgivcan  idea  of  grandeur  and  solidity  well  worthy  of  the  Nation  which 
they  aro  designed  to  serve.  The  view  from  the  bulconic*  »f  the  Capitol  is  extremely  line  and  extensive,  embracing  the  entire  city,  the  windings  of  the  Potomac,  the  soldier*  cemetery  at 
Arlington,  and  the  hills  of  Virginia.  On  the  lawn  in  front  is  Grccuough’s  colossal  statue  of  Washington,  upon  the  pedestal  of  which  arc  the  well-known  and  truthful  word* :  “  lirst  in 
war,  lint  iu  peace,  and  first  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen.” 


THE  WHITE  IKH'SK,  WASHINGTON,  I>  <  —Tin  mil  uume  rtf  tliia  building  i*  the  Kwev/rre  Miitiion,  but  It  i»  almost  uimereully  ml  led  Hie  While  lloiiv  It  u  n  |>luin  hut  somewhat 
Imposing  edifice,  built  «f  freestone  pain  led  whin-.  It  i»  only  two  »torirs  high.  Iiut  tho  rllwl  of  thi*  in  relieved  by  the  right  Ionic  column*  which  support  tin  lofty  portico  of  the  main 
•  iiimncr.  The  lint  R\ccnlive  who  occupied  tin*  »»•  Pn  tidrnt  Adam*  in  1800.  Since  then  it  hit*  been  the  abode  of  every  Chief  Mngi.trale  ..f  tin  Itepiiblic •.  Tlx-  ground.  adjoining  and 

In  longing  to  the  White  Home  comprise  about  seventy  dlte  acres,  twenty  of  which  tire  inclosed  u»  the  private  garden  uf  the  President  Tin  hiiii-r  >r>  not.  bowei.r.  . . itly  walled  off 

to  afford  the  Executive  or  hi*  family  uiiy  real  privacy  within  their  limit  *  The  principal  apartment  in  the  White  Hou«c  i«  the  1  Enst  Ito'.ni,"n  richly  decorated  purler  eighty  feet  Ions  and 
forty  Wide.  Thi*  i*  u.iially  open  to  the  public  daily  from  10  A  M  to  S  P.  M  The  Prwldentt  Study  and  the  Cabinet  ib-im  arcon  th.  ..  ond  ll  .  r.  as  are  also  the  private  opartmenUof 
the  family.  The  hUtory  of  tin'  White  Home  u  of  coursr  the  history  of  the  country.  *■»  f„r  a*  tin  latter  has  been  affected  by  the  distinguished  mm  who  hue  occupied  in  turn  the  Presidential 
elanir ;  nnd  no  American  nut  regard  without  emotion  thi*  stately  though  unostentatious  building.  beneath  tvhoae  roof  Imvc  lived  Abraham  Lincoln  and  Classes  S  Grant 


PENNSYLVANIA  AVENl'K  WASHINGTON.  D 


handsome  thorouglifi 
the  oation.  Pcnnsyh 
arrow,  i»  about  n  mile  anil  u  ijunrto 
rival  that  of  almost 
variety  is  always  dcsira 
hotels  mid  theatres  A' 
muiicil  after  thu  nallon'i 
th«  Government  wn*  rei 
••  Federal  City,"  but  hii 


thrmvclvos;  they  have  also 


the  r 


Washington,  like  Paris,  is  u  city  of  noble  ponpstrtWcs.  It*  stately  avenues,  smoothly  paved  with  nsphnlt,  ..rc  not  merely 
I  their  termini  either  building*  of  superb  proportions  or  groups  of  statuary  commemorating  many  of  the  .talesmen  and  gem  mls  of 
prominent  of  all  Washington’s  .irrrt.  That  part  of  it  which  connect,  the  Treasury  end  the  White  Ifnus,  with  theCopilnl  is  straight  a.  an 
100  feet  If  the  strut  lures  which  front  upon  it  were  only  of  a  uniform  height,  the  appearance  of  this  famous  avenue  would 
h  individual  irregularity  is  permitted  in  the  architectural  embellishment  of  American  cities,  and  while  a  certain  amount  ol 
■ve  all  iu  height,  detract  from  an  otherwise  beautiful  effect.  Upon  this  avenue,  or  very  umr  It,  are  many  of  the  leading  stores. 
>untuin,  the  > 


long,  and  has 
the  world  Unfortunately 
le,  glaring  coutmsts  in  style 
1  extremity  risi 
t  President,  fc 
id  thither  from  Philadelphia.  The  city 
n  name  was  bestowed  on  it.  and  it  was  ii 


nr  of  the  Capitol ;  at  the  other  is  the  truly  inajrstie  building  of  the  Treasury  This  city  is  appropriately 
it,  site,  and  who  laid  the  corner-stone  of  the  Capitol  in  September.  1703-  t*.  'cn  years  later  the  seat  -f 


also  planned  and  laid  out  by  Andrew  Ellieott  under  Washington's  snpcrvi.io 
mrpomted  as  a  city  on  the  3d  of  May.  1803  In  1800  its  population  was  tiO.OOO 


The  latter  desired  to  have  it  called 
In  1M1I0  it  »n<  330.303 


WASHINGTON'S  HOME.  M  l  VERNON  VIRGINIA.  A  dflij^htfiil  rxriimioii  to  be  marie  from  the  City  of  Wanhington  i»  ibv  »ivamb.>. 

Mount  V.nmn,  tin-  home  niul  lliv  burial -placo  of  Wa>Uiui;too.  Tin-  ••  Kntlier  .if  hi*  Country  "  came  Into  tlm  pnMcuir . .  thi*  eitute  in  IT. 53. 

It»  kitunlioii  i»  beautiful.  anil  the  view  of  the  river  from  the  home  i»  charming.  Tlinuk*  to  the  •*  Udic»'  Mount  Vernon  A  social  ion,' 

Kriwnnl  Everett,  tbi»  home  of  Wiwhington  toother  with  »ix  acre*  of adjacent  territory  i»  now  the  property  of  *»•«•  nation.  luivirig  liven  pun  let 
for  the  Mint  of  $200,000.  The  home,  which  f»  of  wood,  contain*  »ome  object*  of  great  interr.t,  including  piece*  of  furniture  u»cri  by  Wn«ltin> 
article* of  clothing  I’piiii  the  wall  hung*  the  Key  of  that  stronghold  of  tyranny  in  France,  the  Ihutillr.  n  relic  of  the  French  Revolution  pn  •> 
coni|iunion-in-nrm»,  Im  Fayette.  Not  far  from  hi.  former  home  i.  thr  tornb  of  Washington.  It  i»  nn  unprttriidine  .triicturc  of  brick,  appro...  bed  by  an  iron  irnb  through  the  bnr* of 
which  one  .cc*  th.  inarhlc  «arro|ihagi  cnnliiininiMlir  remains  of  George  Washington  and  hi*  wife  Marths  Thr  time  ..ill  iloul.tlrw  rom.  «l.rn  tie  •  I  r..el.....  «.ll  .  rumble  to  decar 

beyond  the  po»ihllity  of  re*tomtion  Then,  if  not  before,  let  ti»  hope  that  the  Nation  will  ere.  t  n  kultoble  monument  to  mark  the  biiriat-plarr  of  it.  illu*trion.  I,.  .ri.  r  ami  Foumler.  and  t.. 
ronilnit  all  enmintj  (feneration*  that  tbi*  lovely  hill-side  of  Virginia  i»  con  wore  ted  ground. 


i > < e i  ol  fifteen  mil.  ,  down  tin-  P.itonnu  to 
wing*  of  tbe  niankion  were  built  lit  him. 
rll  n«  to  tin-  elforl*  of  the  brilliant  orator, 
i  | ton  from  the  Pnaiilrtil't  dtwerndant* 
•ton.  also  hi.  (i rearm*.  portrait.  and  .nine 
Wn.hingtoii  by  hi*  friend  and 


HEACIi  AT  ATLANTIC  CITY  NEW  JEltSKY.  Our  or  tlw  ino.i  attractive  und  popular  . .  i .  ,.l.ng  the  . . *t  <.f  tin  l' idled  Suic-,  i>  Atlantic  Ciiv,  in  N<  iv  .1.  r>.  >  Tea 

certain  exteut  all  fashionable  iru  aide  place*  rntmlilr  each  other.  A  iniiltiluilr  of  hotel*  with  hronil  pinmi*,  innumerable  cottage*  in  their  vicinity,  nicker  chain  for  invalid*,  line  uiuiic, 
dancing,  llirtntiou.  thousand*  of  proim-nudcr*  on  the  e*tcn»ivc  pier».  ami  above  nil  the  gnv,  hilariou*.  *.-antily-drc.»cd  bnthen  in  the  surf  -  all  thcoe  arc  feature*  to  be  found  «t  «lmo«t  ever* 
wntering-plnce,  both  in  the  Old  World  und  the  New.  'Ti»  true  the  language  in  whieh  the  menu*  arc  printed  or  in  which  love  it  made  betide  the  ten  muj  differ  w  idely  in  the*.-  vnrioua  Undo, 
but  the  deep  murmur  of  the  re*tle*»  ocean  i*  the  *mne.  whether  it  beat*  il»elf  against  the  rock*  at  lhnrritr.  break*  in  reverberation  on  tin-  dun.  *  of  Holland,  or  die*  hi  softer  nuienecon  the 
aniidy  beach  of  our  Atlantic  City ,  ju*t  it*  the  human  heart  with  all  it*  love*,  hope*,  bappine**,  anxiety  and  despair  i»  every  where  fundamentally  tin-  mine.  although  the  audible  c*pn-**iont  of 
it*  deep  ernotiou*  will  vary  n<  nativity  or  education  may  demand.  The  view  of  the  Atlantic  from  thii  place  i*  wonderfully  tine!  The  water  i*  by  no  mean*  cold  n»  on  tile  *horc«  of  New 
England  ,  the  bathing  facilities  are  ulmott  unexcelled  .  anil  it*  nearneu  to  Philadelphia.  Trenton,  Wilmington  and  other  eastern  cities  make,  it  a  favorite  place  for  thmimndsof  people. wenrird 
by  the  Hilling  heat  of  |  lavement*  and  brick  wall*  to  fly  for  at  lca*t  the  respite  of  a  Saturday  nnd  Sunday  by  the  wave* 

487 


NEW  YORK  AND  THE  BKOOKLY N  HKIlX'iE.  —  "  On  *r  fuit  n  tout  nvec  |p  temp*,"  (One  gets  nevustomed  to  everything  in  time,”l  is  a  true  proverb.  No  iloubt  the  old  Egyptians  hardly 
glanced  at  their  giguntk  Pyramids  after  n  do*en  year*  of  fnmiliurity  with  their  stupendous  fonn*.  So  now  the  people  of  New  York  und  Uro.iklyn  Hint  nothing  specially  extraordinary  in 
tliia  gTent  arch  of  steel  and  iron  which  unite*  their  cltiea,  simply  because  they  have  at  last  become  accustomed  to  beholding  it.  It  b,  however,  one  of  the  mnrveb  of  the  world  Each  of  It* 
mighty  tower*  rest*  upon  n  caisson  conitructcd  of  yollorv  pine  timber,  which  on  the  Brooklyn  aide  it  forty-five  feet,  and  oj  the  New  York  »ide  seventy-eight  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  water. 
The  tower*  erected  on  lhe»c  enormous  foundation*  are  one  hundred  and  forty  feet  in  height  and  fifty  feel  in  width  at  the  water  line.  The  bridge  itself  is  suspended  from  four  cables  of  steel 
wire,  each  about  sixteen  inches  in  diameter,  and  having  n  deflection  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  feet.  The  central  spun  arms*  the  East  River  from  tower  to  tower  is  1.5115  feet  long.  The 
entire  length  of  the  structure  i*  5,080  feet.  It  i*  eighty-five  feet  wide,  nnd  contain*  a  central  promenade  for  foot  passenger*,  two  railroad  tracks,  along  which  train*  of  cable  cars  are  nm 
every  three  minutes,  and  two  roadways  for  carriage*  The  height  of  the  floor  of  the  bridge  in  the  center  to  high-water  mark  i«  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  feet,  so  that  navigation  is  not 
impeded.  The  construction  of  this  noble  specimen  of  engineering  skill  was  begun  in  January,  1870.  nnd  wn*  completed  in  May.  1883.  It*  cost  about  fifteen  millions  of  dollar*.  The 
fare  ncroiut  by  car  is  three  cent*,  anil  for  foot  passengers  one  cent.  About  135,000  people  cross  it  daily, 


■180 


STATU  K  OF  LIBERTY,  NEW  YORK  HARBOR —Standing  out  in  sublimo  proportion*  against  tlic  tun- set  »ky,  the  colossal  »tntuo  of  Liberty  Menu  onr  ol  thv  moat  impressive  work*  of 
mnu  which  cun  he  found  upon  this  continent.  It  is  indeed  gigantic,  having  a  height  of  IS  1  fcctl  Yet  despite  it*  enormous  sire,  it  is  so  perfectly  proportioned  that  one  behold*  it  with 
complete  satisfaction.  This  noble  work  of  the  French  sculptor,  Bartholdi,  i»  fortunate  in  it*  |H>sition,  which  gives  to  It  nn  independent,  queenly  and  even  threatening  aspect.  It  *111101*  on 
Bedloc's  Island,  about  two  mile*  from  the  city.  It  U  made  of  rvpoussS  copper,  and  represents  a  female  figure  crowned  with  a  diadem.  One  arm  presses  n  tablet  closely  to  her  breast ,  the 
other  holds  aloft  n  biasing  torch.  It*  great  height  is  intensified  by  the  huge  granite  pedestal  which  is  itself  ISS  feet  high.  A  stairway  lead*  to  the  head  of  the  statue,  in  which  several 
people  can  be  easily  accommodated  at  ouc  time.  At  night  this  colossal  figure  seem*  even  more  imposing  than  by  day.  Whoever  hus  sailed  near  it  at  such  a  time  will  recollect  the  awe¬ 
inspiring  effect  produced  by  that  Titanic  figure  rising  through  the  gloom,  its  vest  dimensions  magnified  by  a  sombre  background,  while  the  uplifted  torch  glitters  with  electricity,  ns  a  star 
flashes  when  we  view  it  through  a  Mlcacopr.  A  few  stntUtir*  may  well  bo  mentioned  here.  Tbit  statue  can  be  seen  distinctly  at  a  distance  of  four  or  five  miles.  It*  total  height  above  low 
water  mark  i*  800  feet.  The  fore-finger  of  its  right  hand  it  seven  feet  long,  and  over  four  inchea  in  circumference  at  the  secoud  joint.  It  weighs  over  twenty-five  too*,  and  cost  more  than 
n  million  francs  ($200,000),  which  wo*  paid  for  by  populur  subscription*  in  France. 


401 


IT  THE  HUDSON  PROM  WEST  POINT,  NEW  YORK.  -Fifty-one  mile*  north  of  Now  York  City  timid*  the  great  Military  A.  udemy  of  the  United  State*.  Wret  Point.  If  it  ha  t . " 

demanded  by  it*  founder#  that  nn  esqui.itcly  beautiful  and  peaceful  location  thou  Id  bo  tocu  rod  for  tbit,  nothing  more  perfect  could  have  been  obtained  than  the  remarkable  proni..nt..ry  on 
which  thlt  training  tcliool  for  warriore  ha*  h’ecn  placed.  The  scenery  on  every  tide  i.  charming.  Oloriou.  indeed  are  the  glim  pc*  which  one  gain*  here  of  the  Hud  ton's  winding  thorn,  to 
which  hUtory,  poetry  and  legend  give  undying  intere.t  Blue  in  the  tun.  flecked  with  light  tbndnw.  from  the  putlog  cloud*,  or  d.rk  and  wrathful  'ne.th  a  .ton..,  tint  n,cr  ■■  a  rouUnt 
tourer  of  plenture  and  fascination.  Path*  of  ideal  beauty  wind  about  three  hillside*,  sun  sheltered  by  the  tree,  ami  rendered  cool  and  fragrant  by  the  breeres  from  the  moving  .tr.  am.  Old 
Rhenish  castle,  it  ■>  true  do  not  remind  u.  here  of  feudal  time*,  but  hUtory  ho*  left  tome  Irtcreefrn  on  there  bank*  which  *tir  the  heart  of  an  American  patriot  During  the  war  of  the 
Revolution  Weal  Point  wo*  one  of  our  most  important  military  post*,  from  which  out  troop*  were  rent  out  to  their  various  hattlcfleldt.  These  hill,  are  also  haunted  *>«h  »•«*"„, r#  of 
Trtavn  For  who  can  here  forget  the  infamous  attempt  of  Benedict  Arnold  to  deliver  thi.  atronghold  to  the  enemy!  The  Am.  man  Nation  It  yet  young,  tnd  none  ran  *ay  what  great 
cvcnta  may  not  in  future  be  enacted  on  the  border#  of  thi.  .treatn.  God  grant,  however,  that  it.  limpid  surface  may  never  again  be  darkened  by  the  shadow  of  "  traitor. 
which  peacefully  tweep  by  there  wooded  hill*  to-day,  thill  htro  commingled  with  the  ocean,  shall  have  been  revolved  to  mitt  to  fall  again  in  thowor 
once  more,  pottibly  age*  hence,  thall  roll  in  splendor  to  the  open  tea. 


n  the  Adirondack  Mountains,  and 


BOSTON  COMMON,  BOSTON.  MASS.  -To  n  Bostonian  the  "Common  ”  it  almost  xicrcil  ground.  No  matter  how  crowded  are  the  surrounding  streets;  no  matter  bow  inconvenient  it 
muy  be  to  go  nrouad  it;  the  Common  must  remain  inviolate.  It  dutos  from  103*.  and  liy  the  city'a  charter,  it  made  public  property  forever.  It  it  unusual  for  a  city  to  have  thus  in  it* 
very  heart  a  park  of  -is  aero*,  laid  out  in  tloping  lawn*  nod  lovely  walk*;  and  thit  it  the  more  remarkable  tincc,  divided  from  the  common  only  by  a  siugle  street,  it  another 
park  of  22  acre*  called  the  Public  (Surden.  These  two  enclosures,  adorned  with  pond*,  statuary  and  beds  of  flowers,  form  tliut  an  eoormnnt  hollow  iquarr  of  70  acres,  of  ausy  access  to 
thouinniU.  The  groat  beauty  of  the  Common  lie*  in  its  ningniflccnt  elms  which  make  the  stately  avenues  beneath  them  completely  shaded  No  render  of  Oliver  Wendell  Holme#  can  forget 
his  allusions  to  the  Common  in  hit  •*  Autocrat"  and  "Professor  at  the  Breakfast  Table."  Above  the  Common,  and  shown  to  the  right  iu  picture,  rises  the  hnndsome  State  house,  with  its 
gilded  dome,  rrowning  the  summit  of  Beacon  Hill.  On  one  side  of  it  extends  a  part  of  Beaeou  Street,  long  famous  for  it*  flue  residences,  among  which  was  once  the  house  of  John  Hancock. 
Another  side  is  flunked  by  Tromont  Street,  now  being  rapidly  transformed  into  attractive  shops.  Within  a  stone's  throw  of  the  Common  ore  many  prominent  buildings,  such  as  the  Public 
Librnrv,  the  Masonic  Temple,  Music  Hall,  the  Somerset  Club,  the  Atlienicum  Library,  and  the  State  House,  already  mentioned,  nt  well  as  the  Old  Burying-Oround.  where  repose  the  patriots, 
John  Hancock  and  Samuel  Adams. 

4»7 


IM'NKKK  HILL  MOM'MKN T.  NEAR  BOSTON,  MASS,— The  suburb  of  Boston.  known  Charlestown,  is  mode  conspicuous  in  history  a*  well  n*  in  the  lundw-.ipc  l*s  n  lull  granite  shaft, 
which,  plain.  severe  null  substantial  ns  the  I'uritmis  themselves,  look*  down  upon  the  surrounding  country.  It  stands  upon  the  mimmit  of  the  little  hill,  whereon  the  night  of  the  10th  of 
June,  1775,  n  small  redoubt  wns  erected  by  thr  American  patriot*  to  r*-»i«t  the  British  The  real  name  of  thi*  eminence  wn*  "  Brtoi'‘  Hill,"  but  Huul.-  Hi II  seems  t.>  have  been  the  grnrral 
term  for  the  locality,  and  that  title  ha*  been  ever  tince  oiaociated  with  the  battle  which  took  place  hereon  the  1 7th  of  June.  On  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  this  conflict,  in  1893,  Uw 
Marquis  of  I,n  Fayette  laid  with  hisown  hand*  the  corner-stone  of  this  granite  monument,  which  i«  thirty  feet  »qunrr  it  it*  lute  ami  S'.’l  hit  high  A  spiral  flight  «(  205  tiept  leads  t"  the 
summit,  whence  a  mngnifleont  view  is  obtained  of  Boston,  it*  harbor  and  it*  suburbs.  Thi*  »hnft  wns  dedicated  on  tlie  17th  of  June,  1S43,  in  the  presence  of  President  Tyler  nnd  all  the 
members  of  his  Cabinet,  It  was  on  that  occasion  that  the  great  orator  of  Massachusetts,  Daniel  Webster,  pronounce.!  the  dedicatory  oration,  which  i*  usual!)  considered  the  most  eloquent 
ami  Impressive  speech  that  he  ever  delivered.  In  n  house  near  the  monument  I*  n  statue  of  (leneral  Warren,  who  ««■  killed  here  in  the  battle.  This  circumstance  recalls  to  all  the 
well-known  story  of  the  proud  citiscn  of  Boston  who  wns  explaining  thi*  locality  to  n  country  visitor.  "  Thi*  is  the  spot."  lie  said,  “where  Warren  fell  "  Looking  up  at  the  monument  and 
measuring  its  height,  the  countryman  replied.  “Gracious!  no  wonder  that  it  killed  him." 

400 


perfume,  while  n  graceful  <'1,n  lll,u  " 
From  it*  window*  there  l*  n  pleasant  v 
interestin';  memorial*  of  literr 


LONGFELLOWS  HOrSK,  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS —One  of  the  most  interesting  sight*  of  tiii*  classic  town  is  the  home  of  tin-  | i,  Longfellow.  It  >•  .  «|>».  i.mi old-fashioned 

••Colonial"  mansion.  .minted  in  yellow  mid  while,  and  situated  on  a  grassy  lern.ee  On  the  ritfht  and  left  of  the  pathway  leading  to  it  ,.r.  I.lar  hu.he.  which  till  the  ...miner  air  with 
.  the  Inwn  beneath  n  tremulous  mosaic  of  light  and  slmde.  Tim  room  in  the  right  baud  lower  corner  of  tin.  line  old  .truct.ire  wo.  the  poet',  study 
(.w  of  Charles  River  (the  "Silent  River  "of  his  verso),  together  with  the  undulating  hills  of  Brookline  and  Brighton.  This  study  contained  many 
ln.  l,  Longfellow  highly  prised  Such  were  the  inkstand  of  Coleridge,  the  waste  paper  basket  used  by  Tom  Moore,  and  the  .  lour  given  In  the 
17.  and  here,  "beneath  the  elm-trees’  nodding  crest,"  he  wrote  all  his  poems  from  I8J7  to  INi,  including  his 

Hyperion. "  and  here  in  his  darkened  study,  wheu  suffering  from  trouble  with  hit  eyes,  he  traced  out  in 

ppuci,  Ulp  ••  gvnusclinc,”  which  nc.i  d.j  mould  to  cpird  „nd  rw.l  to  him  to,  1,1.  corwrtlm.  TO.  tom.  baMto  to.  •"  torn.,  toffy.  It  -w  toil!  in  >!»  t, 

Vasaall.  who  abandoned  it  when  he  left  for  England  on  the  eve  of  the  Revolution.  As  it  was  confiscated  to  the  State.  Washingtor 

nssume  command  of  the  American  army.  Here  almost  all  distinguished  visitors  to  America  have  been  entertained  Within  this 

hlch  caused  her  death,  and  here  twenty  years  Inter  Longfellow  himself  passed  away  from  earth,  esteemed  and  beloved  by  the  whole  English  speaking  world. 


poet  by  the  children  of  Cambridge.  Longfellow-  bought  this  h.ms 
famous  ■  Psalm  of  Life."  which  was  composed  in  I88N  Here  too  be 


Nil.  John 
Cambridge 
terrible  nccident 


■r  his  headquarters  when  he 
a  l*ill  the  poet' 


Ith  the 


1)01 


WASHINGTON  EI.M  AND  MEMORIAL  STONE.  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS  The  suburb*  of  Boston  ore  remarkably  beautiful.  To  drier  through  them  almost  anywhere  within  twenty 
mile*  of  the  city  i»  like  riding  through  a  park  adorned  with  villa*  and  rural  palaces.  One  of  the  suburbs,  Cambridge,  is  attractive  not  merely  from  ii*  shaded  street*  and  clrgnnt 
residence* ;  it  man  the  claHic  nir  of  n  University  town,  since  here  i»  located  “  Fair  Ilarvnrd.''  whose  various  edifice*,  embowered  in  the  shadows  of  majestic  elm*.  possess  remarkable 
architectural  beauty.  Almost  within  a  (tone'*  throw  of  the  University,  in  tho  center  of  a  broad,  old-fashioned  at  reel,  it  an  aged  tree,  before  which  Hand*  a  granite  tablet  On  this  m 
gihlcd  letters  in  an  inscription  telling  u*  that  beneath  this  tree  Washington  look  command  of  the  American  army  on  July  3d,  1775,  at  the  commencement  of  thnt  struggle  of  the  colonies  for 
independence  which  nt  ln*t  was  so  gloriously  obtained.  We  ore  still  n  young  nation,  hut  the  past  century  has  been  so  wonderfully  eventful  tlist  it  scrim  much  longer  than  117  yean  since 
this  old  tree  spread  its  broad  canopy  of  llinde  nlmve  thnt  memorable  scene  Long  may  it  live  on,  a»  a  shrine  where  national  patriotism  may  he  awakened  and  consecrated  I  And  wt.en  it 
fall*,  may  ita  Titanic  form  he  here  replaced  by  a  memorial  which  shall  be  worthy  of  the  great  cveut  that  it  behold,  and  ngv*  hence  shall  thrill  the  heart  of  every  loyal  son  of  the  Republic. 

aoa 


TJIK  Ol.I)  CITY  OATH.  ST  Al'UUSTlNE,  FLORIDA.— 1 The  S|iiiniimD  nh->  ralablUhed  llwnnclve»  in  St  Auau.tioe  under  Mencnde*  in  U0\  more  thmi  hull  u  .cntnr>  before  the 

M,,(|  I . Blit  the  Minima  Into  Pin . ith  Ilaitoi  toft  many  incus  of  thalr  oosqnaal  Fhaj  . . .  unon*  oth«r  wort . In  nil  taom  I . . . 

t„  |iroU.c,  ,)„•  mirth  Th,  -rctiler  part  ..f  llii.  I . ong  .incc  .  mini . to  -  iy.  nr  Iwen  removed  for  building  |.nr|.nm.  One  fragment  ..(  it  .till  ''..wove '  " 

,1,,'  ,j,it.'  "  «ltuntril  mm  nt  the  head  of  st  George  St  net  A.  »r  look  ii|N.n  it.  old  .qua  re  lowerv  containing  loop-hole.  for  the  gun.  of  -  ntm.l..  our  th  n.ht.  if-  me.iUlilj 

Pi„„  . . . . .  r,„  kepi  iu  in . . . .  . . . . .  h.  n.i....  Fn'nrh  MIM,  l»k  M  Mr  a™  '•  "  '«H«M  Ml 

LurIi.Ii  colonic.  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia  It  ha.  been  held  in  turn  by  many  mirtcn.  Spain.  England.  Spam  again,  and  finally  the  l  ini.  d  *'»■*.  Have  one  nv  on. 

between  the  North  and  South  it  changed  maalera  three  lime.  Souvenir,  of  thwc  memorable  cventa  abound  in  and  ntiout  St  AmruOme.  In  one  place, 
ted  in  1812  to  commemorate  the  Spuni.h  Con.titulion  The  United  State*  Barracks  here  formed  onceu  monssury  for  Fianciuan  i 
imereti  mr  relic  of  the  pa.t,  which  ttiw  100  voar*  in  liuilding.  and  ha.  it*  gateway  .till  ornamented  with  the  arm.  of  Spain 

however,  i.  not  to  repel  the  outside  world  with  pondwoua  battlements  or  walk  but  rather  to  invite  them  to  come  in  and  revel  in 
hotel,  are  able  to  receive  an  army  of  invading  tnuritta. 


conflict, 
the  neighbe 

posaeMU’d  il,  and  during  the 
for  example.  i.n  inoniiment 

old  fortification  colled  Fort 

atone.  The  purjaMS  of  the  people  ”f  Si.  Augustine  tnuli 
it.  lovelv  M-enerv  and  balmy  climate; 


While  the  due 
m  the  ma*ai.e 


TIIB  ALCAZAR  AND  CORDOVA,  I’ON'CK  DK  I.KoX,  SAINT  Al'OL’STINK.  FLORIDA  Si.  Augustine  i-  probably  ilu-  oldest  European  settlement  in  the  I'niud  State*  Mon-  limn 
Iifl\  v  tiara  before  the  Pilgrims  Inmleil  on  the  "stern  ami  rock-bound  const  "  of  Massachusetts,  the  Spaniards  luul  tnkeu  po»o**ion  of  the  plan-  It  was  evco  ceded  l.t  England  hack  i"  Sjwin 
in  ITS3,  mid  only  enme  into  the  possession  of  the  I  nitial  State*  in  1SI1I  tjniet  enough  in  summer,  in  winter  it  become*  a  very  popular  ami  fashionable  re*.irt,  receiving  usually  nliout 
1 0. 0110  visitors  during  "the  season  "  To  iireoiiuniulnte  this  mnltilmle  of  tourist*.  enormous  hotel*  have  been  eonstrncleil  here  This  illustration  shows  two  of  them,  tin-  "Alea/nr"  ami  the 
dnnltivii,"  ns  they  appear  to  one  looking  from  tin-  ■  •  Police  <le  Loon."  These  building*  are  remarkable  in  many  wnys  The  Ponce  (le  l.eon  hotel  covers  four  acres  of  ground  and  i»  a 
half-mile  in  circuit'  Not  only  has  it  spacious  dining-room*,  an  immense  rotunda  and  tlic  like,  lint  it  contains  billiard-rooms  for  ladies,  an  enormous  play -mom  for  children,  and  even 
*iu, In,*  for  urtist*  The  Motel  Cordova  hu*  a  '•  *un  parlor  "  108  feet  long  and  paved  with  tile*  The  Architecture  of  Si  Augustine  is  a  charming  mixture  of  old  Spanish  residences  with 
hanging  linlcunies  along  their  second  stories,  and  lieautifiil  American  villas  of  the  kind  which  make  Xaliaiil  and  Newport  attractive  Tin-  street*  of  St,  Augustine  are  extremely  narrow, 
freipienlly  only  ten  or  llfteen  feet  in  breadth.  This  gives  to  the  town  a  pleasant  flavor  of  the  Orient,  for  in  every  land  ol  the  Sun  narrow,  shaded  street.  are  a  luxury  always  to  he  appreciates! 
M„*t  of  the  Spanish  houses,  a*  w  ell  a*  the  old  Spanish  Fort  of  San  Marco  near  hi .  are  made  of  a  conglomerate  of  fine  shells  and  snnd.  There  are  charming  drive*  nbout  St  Augustine,  and  • 
delightful  promenade  u  mile  in  length  extend*  along  the  great  '  Sea  Wall."  The  climate  hero  in  winter  is  mild,  yet  not  enervating,  and  oranges,  lemons.  Unninxs.  fig*,  palm*  and  all  •  •>»» 
of  tropical  plant*  grow  here  in  profusion. 


ON  I  Mil  \N  IUVKII  FI  lllllln  -  III . I  llir  . . .  rli.rm.  ol  Pli.ri.li.  I.  Uii-  ..|,|.i>riuniiy  It  ytf.inU  -if  miliuK  ilirough  lW|»lr»l  u-vnrrj.  s.  v.  ral  ..I  io  rimra  urn  imvi|i«l.li'  I  '  »m»ll 

,„',|  „  „„  ,„.l  .1,  tel,  tin  I  »,»>  .....  Wt  I-  inum. mil . at  -I  'I  "Iter  tour  kK.m.  ■■•Jet.'  .»"'•>  ••  -«-««.  P*1"'"""  . . J  “ 

II...  at  renin  To  mil  through  .eenr.  Iik.  tin.  when  the  .trong  headlight  of  ll.r  lM.nl  bring,  nut  tl.i.  weird  and  fulmire  »uirtli»K  ri-lirf.  ..  ...... .thinU  ,,’r“0"r" 

l.o.  „  length  ->f  OMrlr  |.V)  mil...  Tlio  Un.l.  a<lj..inlou  it  nrr  rerjr  fertile.  |.n. luring  nil  the  *outb.  rn  frulta.  from  ormnKrn  to  roconmila,  in 
u„.  nil'll o.t  incredible  nuililwr  I.r..l  vniirty  of  (Mi  which  then.-  alimin.I.  Including  the  celebrated  pompano,  mdl  let  and  tarpon 
r»  ngothis  region  wna  vjn.ewl.nt  difficult  of  iiiccju.  At  priwi.t  a  branch  railroad  hoa  brought  it  within  winy  reach  of 


The  Indian  ri 
grunt  profnaii 
Turtle*  nUo  n 


..  Thi*  r 
-  found  then 


n  till*  lllustnitior 
.  r.pcci.illy  fninoiia.  howei 
eiplilng  ’.hd  pounds.  Tw.  i 


.la 


v.nnvillp  The  n 


.panely  •nttlc  l untry  i*  rapidly  becoming  populated 


ud  on  tli"  l.iuk*  of  t 
All 


rural  j.rnapcron*  town* 


- 


ADOliK  HOUSES.  NEW  MEXICO  In  ■•NVw"  M.  \m>  ami  In  ••Old"  Mexico  there  U  a  peculiar  ttyle  of  architecture  which  Uboth  primitive,  natural  and  economical— it  U  the  ADOBE 
method  of  building  Large  lint  .  nkes  ..f  sun-dried  day.  .•ailed  ■■Adobe-  bricks."  nr.-  used  to-day  and  have  been  used  forage*  in  thr.c  cauotrir.  In  fin  l.  «.  find  the  same  thing  to  have 

been  done  in  Egvpt  and  the  Holy  Lund,  and  many  a  town  in  Mexico  present*  •>  decidedly  Oriental  nppcnrn . on  account  of  its  thousand*  of  flat- roofed  house.  of  ndobe.  It  cun  not  be  uni 

i,  ut  „|[  beautiful  The  color  of  euch  bou*c*  i»  fur  from  cheerful,  being  frequently  n  »ort  of  compromiic  between  a  loaf  of  brown-bread  un.l  a  strong  cigar.  There  are 
thew  hut.  and  almost  never  doe*  a  chimney  rob  them  of  their  dittoes*  and  monotony  But  as  n  rule  in  New  Mexico,  a*  in  the  country  south  of  the  Rio  Grande,  no  fire* 
warmth  or  cooking,  save  such  it*  can  lie  made  in  a  pnn,  or  at  best,  in  small  brick  ovens,  boated  with  charcoal.  One-half  the  world,  it  is  said,  does  not  know  how  the 
ice  these  dwellers  in  ndobo  hut*  is  quite  n  revelation  to  most  traveler*;  but  who  know*  whether  their  inhabitant*  arc  not  in  reality  as  happy  U  the  wealthy  inmate*  of  a 


of  this  material  that 
rarely  any  windo 
are  needed  cltliei 
other  Imlf  live*. 


mpitioiia  pnlaoel 


6ia 


„„  ...  COLORADO  W.J.. . .  It  I.  km  ipi-*  »«■*»*  U..  fnltaM  ">  . A. . . £*>* 

Ill  (  ulnrado,  which  i  I  ||  .  ,  „„|  «„  ||„.  ,,|,in«.  On*  of  the  grandctt  of  thee  Colorado  rnojon*  U  that  duptarr.1  id  tbu  il,u.irati«.».  n-i 

Jhr,,""h  IT"'  of  ffiWerUB.0  On  cither  Imn.l  tower  tl.cc  ..in, . .  .  ...li.  uUr  .  LIT.  w.th  h.nlly  .  wrap  of  vegetation  . . .  bum  ••  ">-*  •»«»**»  thm,  I..,.  H  M‘“  - 

In,  I  trim  the  nuniut  onu  of  Sileert  * , . ob.lrl,rtinK  L.hlera.  U.I.™  itwlf  to  cream;  f«.m  and  All.  the  chnta  with  .  dr  «|w-r  On.  .  ,.n  h.rdly  im.gior  , 

vi.oii i*)i  for  the  cry.tulli »  ■  lllTlir,|,  .1  hv"th.'  railway  train,  whic  h  with  Mihlim.-  ..mh.city  climb.  upward  on  ,t.  groove,  of  .lori  anil  follow*  nil  the  w,nd,ng*o  the  . . ‘hul 

. . .  “"V"*  J7,U'y  “TJS . .  the  foaming  torrent,  which  I.  bud.  glori. . ml  tcrr.hlc  to  look  . .  .«  . . ptac*.  *'• . «  1  W 

in  l.y  inoMive  wall*  upon  o  »h«.  f  of  rock  .  ,  ]  ,  (.,j|Tll  WcU  (llll  thl,  Spaniard  call  thi.  mountain  itranm  "Kl  Rio  <lc  In.  An,., .a,  Perdido,  (the  Ui«r  of 

^‘.nre^r^ionw. .,e^  . — 

.hove  the  ilnor  of  Hell.  "All  hope  ahan.lon  ye  who  enter  her.- 


WINDY  POINT,  PIKE'S  PEA  Iv ,  <  ■  If.OKAlX 1  -Onr  by  one  the  great  mountains,  w hose  tiimv- white  summits  mu  r  seemed  dcsliucd  ti>  rnniiin  ever  virgiu  1"  (lie  foot  of  man,  have  yielded 
to  their  CODqUoroi  Mt.  Itlnnr,  the  Jungfrau,  and  even  the  Matterhorn.  have  now  been  climbed  »n  frequently  that  half  the  ehnrin  and  mystery  which  once  •urroundrd  them  like  mm-lit 
cloud*  hui  been  dispelled.  On  some  of  then-  "rent  lee-elnd  sentinels  uetunl  fetter*  have  been  pine  d,  and  cog  wheel  railways  wale  their  jugged  rocks,  and  make  them  u  accowible  to 
tourists  a*  a  caged  lion  of  the  desert  i»  to  visitor*  to  a  menagerie  One  of  these  vampiidird  mountains  thus  elnlnmied  i«  Pikt '»  Peak  in  Colorado  It  was  no  easy  task  to  subjugate  it  It 
has  n  height  of  14,300  feet.  It*  clilfsnre  wild  and  savage  in  appearance.  Its  summit  i«  perpetually  white  with  snow.  Yet  now  n  railway  transports  traveler*  to  its  crest  from  Mnriilou  in 
an  hour  and  u  half  ami  the  “  Groat  Snow  Mountain."  >■  Major  Pike  called  it  in  IrtOU,  ran  now  he  ascended  and  descended  in  »  few  hour*!  Across  this  "Windy  Point"  the  wind 
sweeps  often  with  tremendous  violence,  for  Pike's  Peak  stands  in  a  peculiarly  exposed  position  on  the  edge  of  the  r.ist  Colorado  mountain  chain.  Yet  on  the  summit  of  this  mountain  is  a 
station  of  the  Weather  Signal  Bureau,  which  is  occupied  winter  and  summer  Eight  thousand  feet  below  this  is  the  pretty  little  city  of  Colorado  Springs,  so  justly  famous  for  its 
wonderfully  pure  air  nnd  delightful  climate.  The  drive  from  this  city  to  Miinitou.  live  miles  nearer  to  Pike's  pink,  is  one  of  great  beauty,  and  commands  magnificent  views  of  the  Mountains. 
Glen  Eyrie,  mid  the  ‘‘Garden of  the  Gods."  ^ 


OMKF  DWELLINGS,  MANC08  CANYON.  ARIZONA. — Prom  time  immemorial  men  Imre  cho.cn  tlioir  place*  of  residence  from  a  donee  to  defend  tinm.ilv.  *  from  iih.l 
mu'li  motive*,  the  preliiiloric  bake  Divcllcn  of  Swilxcrlnnd  built  their  huta  on  pile*  driven  into  the  bed  of  lake  I.urerne  The  Artec*  eho»e  the  *it.  of  Mexico  for  •imiln 
nil  the  great  eitica  of  antiquity,  from  Jerusalem  to  Toledo,  were  found  in  localitic.  which  could  be  eaiilv  defended.  This  name  instinct  of  *elf.defr  n»e  i*  wen  among 
America.  nnd  particularly  in  the  »tr*nge  Cliff  Dwelling.  which  we  And  in  Ariruim.  Colorado  and  New  Mexico.  In  fine  in.i  on  e*  the  .  htf.  ,f  u  height  of  forty  or  fifty 
hi, vc  been  worn  by  flood  and  temped*  into  groove*,  crevice*  or  ahclvei,  uaunlly  from  four  to  »ix  feet  wide.  On  them*  rude  ttructun  -  hare  be.  n  built.  Their  wall*  nre 
ten  incite*  thick,  the  Hone*  being  Inid  in  mortar.  One  group  of  *uch  dwelling*  i*  KOI,  feet  above  the  river.  The  only  way  of  reaching  wane  of  tin  -e  Iioum-*.  even  when 
the  rocky  shelf,  i*  to  go  through  the  fonno.t  atrucluro*.  Tlioto  in  the  rear  were  therefore  impregnable,  oven  if  the  other*  should  be  i  .V.  u  T"  >■  h  «*me  apart m< 

Dwelling*  ,i  man  would  have  to  enter  an  aperture  only  twenty-two  inehca  high  and  thirty  wide,  and  crawl  through  a  tub.  like  pawigr  twenty  feet  in  length!  Sane  . 

ladder*  to  the  seeo.nl  More,  the  lower  .fry  being  aolid  without  any  opening.  The  former  Cliff  Dweller*  were  probably  related  to  the  Pueblo  Indian.  *u»euf  llieae  .1 
inhabited  when  the  Spaniard*  invnded  thl*  region.  Cliff  Dwelling*  are  known  to  have  existed  nl.O  in  Central  Amorim  three  eentur.e.  ngo. 

ass 


i  Actuated  by 
raaoo*.  Almo.t 


■'time,  eight  or 
ha.  clindieil  t.. 
in  lliwc  Cliff 
cached  only  by 
lure*  were  .till 


sublime  i*  thf  Grand  Cuuyoii.  Through  this  the 
only  about  200  yard*  aport  untl  from  1200  to  1300  feet  in 
i  '•  Lower  Falls."  The  sides  of  this  gigantic  <  Imm  hare 
white  tint* nro constantly  succeeding  one  another  herein 
i,  hml  fashioned  here  to  make  the  proudest  work*  of  man  appear  diminutive  and 
Thr.e  color,  doublleee  have  barn  formed  by  the  percolating  through  the  cliff*  at  the  hot  minctal  water*  from  the  nelghboriug  *|>nng*  Ri.iingul.bed  |iuiniet*  hate  wily  In  bo¬ 
th,,  o  raprceutatlon  of  ihuo  brillia.it,  variegated  hue.  i.  utterly  beyoa.l  the  power  of  human  an,  tVb*l  an  unrivaled  combi. . .  I*  there,  therefore,  in  till.  Panyuo. 

owe-inapiriog  grandeur  an.l  cochaotiog  beauty  I  And  what  a  magoHe.nt  pathway  ha.  been  gi.en  to  the  Yollow.tone  Ri.,,1  tma.mg  the  t.mou.  Vdlow. 

mouniain*.  it  p.me.  through  a  *crla*  of  rapid*  and  a  fall  of  It«  fed  before  it  era  rc.che.  the  ftrand  P . 

leap  of  mil  feet  I  Thu*  cradled  in  .uhlimity,  the  Yellowstone  River  nm*t  bo  calle 


THE  GRANT)  CANYON.  YELLOWSTONE  NATIONAL  PARK. — Of  all  the  marvels  of  the  Yellowstone  National  Park,  the 
Yellow. tone  River*  which  i.  a  trilmtaij  of  the  Missouri,  llows  in  one  place  for  twenty  continuous  miles  Iwtwcci.  perpendicular  cliffs  o 

height'  At  . . ntrancc  to  this  part  of  the  Canyon  the  whole  river  makes  a  stupendous  leap  of  300  feet,  r 

literally  almost  all  the  colors  of  the  rainbow  displayed  upon  their  vertical  surfaces.  Rod,  orange,  yeltow,  green,  blm 
wonderful  vnricty,  thus  lighting  up  with  glory  countless  architectural  forms,  which  Nature,  it  would  « 


cspccts  the  n 


nd  just  beyond  this  it  rocoi 
xtraonlinnry  stream  upon  o 


Lake  enclosed  by  snow-clod 
tributary  which  in  its  haste  to  join  it  makes  a 
mtinent. 


325 


(’RATER  OK  TUB  G1  VST  GEYSER  YELLOWSTONE  NATIONAL  PARK. — The  turfacr  ..f  (hit  globe  which  w«  inhabit,  compared  with  iu  diameter.  it  only  about  (In-  lhicki.ru  of 

I,  ,|„,|l  „  ,, . .  ...  m-nW.  ..  . . .  ...  .....  1.1. . "  I- . . . .  . . .  . . .  . . . . .....l..|...k..  II...  . . . 

now  wisely  reserved  by  our  Government  u  n  “  Notional  Pork”  ia  ,...rt .« ul.trl  v  rcmarknblc  for  the  ..umbci 
carnival  in  prc-hiitorir  age*,  ami  romnanu  of  itt  furioua  oiitburtU  arc  ‘till  i 
hurl  into  the  uir  rock"  and  bowlder*  at  well  a*  water,  the  latter  firing  t 


..I  thru  ,..IM  "MM  . . .  .poof  whHp  . . .  ,hc  *" .  1  '  “J  k"wl"«  "  “f 

*  Another  moh.loio.  IU  tun*. . plitt.  .1  W»W  >«  •~W . . .  1  "  '  ""  '  "®!”1 ' '  '  . 

oncofthcmottirrcgularofalltheToltaniofouutnIn.hr-  . L . . . 


minute. 

height  nn<l  twenty-five  in  diameter, 
varying  from  DO  to  200  frrt. 


forth  ir 

Qeyton.  Volcanic  action  here  hat  evidently  held  high 
the  aliiKMl  innumerable  matte*  of  stcatn  and  water  ejected  from  Ittarra.  Some  of  these  geytrrt 
a  height  of  200  feet  The  temperature  of  the  water  it  usually  more  than  170  degree".  One 
d  holding  it  up  by  a  tuecertion  of  impulu-t  for  about  five 
thit  llluatration)  ohoot  ten  feet  in 
It  hut  been  known  to  t|iout  ooutinu»u*ly  for  three  and  a  half  hours,  itt  height 


527 


MAMMOTH  HOT  SPKI.NfSS  YELLOWSTONE  NATIONAL  PARK  -This  i.  the  i.orlhorn  entrance  to  that  mo,i  wonderful  w.  tion  of  th.  I  n i t <hI  Siotc»,  which  emigre.,  ha*  very  properly 
“dedicated  and  Ml  ..part  a*  a  public  park  or  picturing  grouud*  for  the  benefit  i»l  enjoyment  of  the  people."  Every  year  the  wonder*  of  (hi*  Xution.il  Park  nr.-  I*r»n>ing  more  known  to 
tl.osc  forwhowuM  und  plcn«ure  it  lu.  been  reuerved.  It  i»  alxtjr-flre  miles  long  and  flft>  five  mile*  wide,  and  all  of  it  i»  more  than  0.000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ton.  It.  mountain* have  an 
altitude  of  from  10  «i00  to  12.0U0  feet,  and  wear  continually  their  mantle*  of  dulling  .now  and  ice  The  geological  feature*  of  thi.  region  are  n.o.t  extraordinary  Within  »*  limit,  thr.v 
lire  no  lean  tl.m.  fifty  geyaere  which  throw  up  column,  of  tenter  from  50  to  S00  feet  in  height,  and  volume,  of  .team  to  a  much  greater  altitude !  It  nlre.  contain.  probably  10.000  hot  .pring^ 
wl.ove  Water  vane,  .n  temperature  from  100  to  200  degree !  The  fnmou.  Vellow.tonc  Lake.  near  the  aouthcaat  corner  of  the  Park.  i.  one  of  the  mo.t  heautiful  bod.e.  of  water  ...  the  world, 
twenty two  mile*  long,  nearly  8.000  feet  above  the  am.  300  feet  deep. clear  aacryrial.  and  .ttrrounded  by  now-covered  mountain,  from  8.000  to  8.000  feet  higher  .till  Here.  too.  are 
the  Fall,  of  the  Yellowatono  River,  800  foot  high;  the  wonderful  calnareou*  depo.lt*  known  a*  the  ‘Mimnd  Terrace.;  "and 
wall.,  only  a  few  hundred  varda  apart,  rl.e  to  the  height  of  1.300  feet.  Between  there,  when  one  look.  do»n  the  river  . 
the  bottom  of  the  canyon  look,  „p,  he  ree.  merely  a  narrow  line  of  .ky,  like  a  blue  river  curbed  by  gran.tc  banka  The  v 
condonation  here  unourpiiMcd  in  the  world.  .jn 


no.t  remarkable  of  nil,  the  Omml  Ca »»>•»,  whore  alino.t  vert 
m.  like  a  vein  of  .liver  iu  n  mountain  gorge;  and  when  one  f 
;ed  colors  in  the  .tone  cnm|M»ing  thi.  great  cha.ni  prodw 


NEIV  MitKMON  TKMI'l.t:  H  AM  '.I-  Lake  Cl)  fin  re.|ieet . . .  ..lee.nlm.rj  ..iilemrai  Mini  . .  I . .  found. . .  •  l-l”1' . .  * .  l""''1'  "* 

. . ,.  . .  .Ml  niuni  i.iiml'ii.m'  hUh).  Bo . . .  «”•  «  *  •»  . .  . .  ""  "M  ■»  *"> . .  T  “T  “  u  1 . Z 

in,,  ,.  Mormon  religion.  wh.ol.  founded  here  ...  1WT  .hi-  "  t'Hj  of  Boinlu."  nnd  ..III  eierf  „|»o  do  life  ...  |x.™f,.l  no  ."iWe  O...  0.1  ■  •  the  .h,.,,. Ik.  mono.  Mol.umu  Lo 

,h.  on, I  .0  loon,  .hot  Ihn  rhoi.l,  regul.teo  thn.,  onital.'  on, I  recM,™  ton,  .hem  .  ,.,n  ooUge  no  Ml  ml..  Aln.o.1  nrer, ho, to  to  . 

to,.  On  Mil,  .iJ,  of  Ih,  priurinnl  ..reef  run.  .  cryMolllne  .to  on.  „l  ..ler  horn  tho  o.onnu.no  Tno  Inmno.  I.ulldlngo  ...n.l  an. Ik.  M  of  Ihn  i.l^  On.  the  TM»  rnorl, . 

nl  ,vl,ni,  huge  tar.  vn.1  oudltorl.im  „„J  mmtaol  ntool.i,  proportion  >11  Hie  norl, I  Ian  tad.  »nl  "in  Ihn  lUwraoelo  . 

Illuitmtloi,  It  1,  o  atructuta  which  Ol  once  conin,i,n,l.  „„r  odmimllno  by  in  I  mm, 'Oin  d 

|,,i„l„  „,|  . . .  10  . . .no  hamlnd  f„l  higher  «IH  It  »  nmphnl.coll.  tit"  proof.  f„f  If  wolU  of  rolul  grand” 

,„||d  II,  loundolion. ....  Milan  Let  thlik.  The  corof.lone  of  lh„  Impodog  . 

anti  a  hnlf  million*  of  dollni*.  .*,31 


»  little  garden  of  fniit  nnd  »IiaiIc 
the  city.  One  ii  the  Tabernacle, 
*  dextinod  to  tie  xnrpoxanl  by  the  Trmfilr  reprexented  in  thin 
>  nnd  in  native  grandeur.  If*  wallx  of  tpnrkling  polixhed  gmnite  arc  one  hundred  feet  in 
ire  eight  feet  thick,  nnd  the  partition  walk  floor*  anil  ceiling* 
n  IMS,  blit  the  Temple  in  not  yet  completed.  It  hax  nlrendr  roal  two 


qiKWIIOVF  K\r  I  S  IDAHO  -The  Snake  river  in  Idaho,  like  most  of  the  stn-am.  in  the  nmuntamous  regions  of  the  Northwest.  has  no  adventurou.  career  The  full  before  iu  is  the  . . 

■  11Iulfon„,  in  its  descent,  n  brantiful  curve,  resembling  a  Moorish  arch.  Agra  ago  Nature,  a.  if  t..  test  the  .trench  of  thi.  wild  mouoUin  torrent.  errcte.II,  ere 

nspicUQUaof  .U  COUracU.  and  fonns.  to  '^ut  of  tnomph  in  it.  Icnp  for  liberty,  the  river  bound,  over  th.s  olotaelc.  fall,  seventy  or  eighty  fee,  eUrictc  it.elf  front  the  ."thing 

n  like  clouds  of  diamond.,  and  sweep,  along  unhurmed  nn<l  free.  There  ha* evidently  been  a  struggle  here  in  agr.  |ui», 
,e  warn'd  and  mutilated  veterans.  who  thus  far  have  .urvived  the  combat,  while  the  form,  of  their  companion,  have 


n  liarrier  to  ita  course.  - 

depth*  below  amid  great  mound*  of  .prnv  which  sparkle  In  th«M,i^  ^ 

These  grim  and  splintered  n>cks  rising  ^  n>(  ‘wjth  It  j,  roIhcr  with  thi.  freedom-seeking  river,  whieh  will  not  hear  rral.Ume.  but  which  attack*  and  overleap.  i,»  euemy 

been  buried  in  the  Hood  a-  ow  <  «  \  _  ,  ,|  •  ,  v,,ont  from  now.  when  all  this  wonderful  section  of  our  country  shall  have  become  widely  known,  and  suitable  hotel. 

™.T  irAl11-"!0.  T  JS  ,h.,  h  J,  MrtUI.  ■»,  »<  ,hc  . .  „l  .bid  . 

and  ccrtninly  without  renown  ftaa 


. .  . . . . .  New  Kort] . . . Hoed  . . . .  lra.i..p . 

SUM  .M  IIUIMI,  nr.  K  111  tin-  likeiivnof  n  pyraini«I  of  nilv.-r  Around  it*  ban-  are  mile*  of  gloomy  fore.t.,  from  which  tins  nioutilain  rue*  heavenward  in  in  rolx- 

Imtcjiiim-  of  IIR  lino  cornea  orni,  piercing  1  “  .  ,j,p  dark. evil  pa.Rionsof  mankind.  A*  the»e  tree*  reach  the  flunk.. »f  the  ijrvat  mountain.  they  Mrikinsly  nacmble  the  advanrr.j.nnrd 

of  purity.  »»  Rome  c  ele.tm  vi.i  or  m  K  ,  „  the  KiSuutir  fortrwa  above  them,  apimrcntly  half  granite  and  half  cry.tnl  Tlo  re  ha.  evidently  l*crn  „  conflict  her.-  between  the 

of  a  mighty  army,  w  lie  .u  ronlM,a  «ght  Death  create,  fearful  havoc  in  the  rank. of  the  invader.  Many  of  thee  tree,  .re  I  wilted  and  broken  b.  wind  and  iralnnrhe. 

foreea  of  Life  and  of  Death .  ami  n» tl  ,  of  ,ll0,0  who  have  roceuntlmd  to  winter1,  cold.  Mount  Hood  i.  bwutiful  at  any  time,  but  never  i.  it  ...  wonderfully  impre«ive  a. 

and  everywhere  we  lecthe  blenche.1  and  mouldering  „P..r 

w  hen  the  fnll  otbcil  moon  ri*c*  above  this  *en  of  giant  pit  P® 

,h.  , I', .. ....... .... .» «  i»w~  >•  ■  ^  . . .  . . 


added  floo«l  of  »ilver  over  its  mantle  of  eternal  v 
ndor  from  the  Polar  Sen 


At  »uch  *  time,  when  Mount  Hood  cut*  it*  d  willing  tilhouvlte 


rillVATOWS*  SA\  KKANCI8C0  -  "  I  trip  V,  Chinatown  "  is  an  6aaentltl  feature  .>f  a  visit  to  ll.r  Pacific  roast.  and  •  memorable  experience  it  often  proves  to  be.  Within  a  limited  area 

wLdm'li. -vllidia'»»9AD..  -™.  would  bo  1-rilT.p.d  for  room,  .ro  ulw.,.  Ilrlo,  ,.l  ta..  20,000  n— . . -  . . ,o  . . .  up  .11  lb.  ~oor,  Urn,  . |«~Uj 

few  „  to  tht,jr  Dttivr  land.  It  is  a  most  repulsive  and  apparently  dangerous  quarter  of  the  city,  although  crimes  are  said  to  be  of  rarer  occurrooco  tlu-re 
M  v  whatever  may  be  said  of  them  in  other  respects,  drunkenness  is  hardly  known  among  the  Chinese.  They  frequently  stupefy  thcmsclvM  with  opium,  but  not 
0rc°  ’  grotesque,  with  their  (to  us)  unintelligible  decoration*  and  letterings,  recalling  memories  of  the  fantastic  character*  displayed  on  tea-caddies 

The  variety  of  merchandise  in  these  shops,  its  comical  nrmugcmrnt,  together  with  the  mysterious  dark  rooms  in  the  rear,  presumably  the  sleeping  apartment 
novel  nnd  amusing.  The  names  of  the  merchants  here  have  that  curious  combination  of  monotonous  monosyllables  which  causes  them  to 
Inter* ported  with  the  shops  and  tenement  house*  arc  several  Joss-Houses,  or  Chinese  Temples.  Here,  too,  are  Chinese 
id  n  hideous  beating  of  drums  nnd  gongs.  The  Gambling  Hens  and  Opium  Cellars  in  Chinatown  should 
flithy  places  whore  cither  gambling  is  carried  on  by  a  mass  of  repulsive  Chinese,  or  opium  is  being  smoked  by  men  doting  in  a 


obtain,  in  order  to  retui 
than  elsewhere 
with  rum.  The  shop*  in  Chinatown 
and  bunches  of  Urocrncki 

•  Lung  Chin  and  family, 


.11,,  from  lb.  mem.iy  Ilk.  drop.  »<  «*■»'  11  d,“'k  *  l”k 

Tbmire,.  wb.r.  flic  ..tir.  aadt.oce  .rook™.  nod  ft.  p.rtonn..o.  *• 
bo  rioited  In  compuj  w  ith  n  poli.cmnn.  They 
half-drunken  sleep. 


,.  v  v|>  SK\I  KOCHS,  GOLDEN  (SATE.  CAI.IFOKNIA  -On  Ibc  southern  tide  of  tlml  beautiful  entrance  to  San  Francisco  Hay.  known  a*  the  Golden  Gate,  stand*  the 
t'l  IT  •  A*  it*  name  indlaite*.  it  ia  located  on  a  Hill  mini;  abruptly  from  the  »e».  and  the  view  from  its  broad,  ahady  piatlaa  overlooking  the  apparently  bnuudh  ..  an  i»  .  nr  of 

(  lilt  lloiiae.  »  »  1)ocomi.  Wpnrv  \f  „  little  distance  from  the  hotel  are  a  few  ledge*.  called  the  -  Seal  Itocka,"  over  which  acorn  of  newlion*  may  be  continually  obscrvwJ  climbing  up 
^  and  roaring  with  delight  in  tone*  which  make  themnelvea  distinctly  heard  almve  the  breaking  of  the  turf.  Thrwr  aniiuaU  are  protertnl  here  l.y  the 

■  are  perfectly  fearleta  and  natural  in  their  movetnenta.  Some  of  them  weigh  nt  least  1,000  pounds,  and  thca®  ore  evidently  the  masters  of  the  herd  which  claim 
‘  ,  hoU  |,y  the  principle  Hint  “might  make*  right.”  The  Cliff  House  i»  a  favorite  place  of  resort,  an  can  In-  well  imagined.  In  addition  to 

the  nunntcat  placet  on  1  .  fnmou,  for  it.  excellent  cuisine  Behind  it  arc  the  lovely  garden*  of  Mr.  Adolph  Sutro,  the  millionaire,  and  into  tb.  sr  the  public  in 

the  attraction*  nlrem  y  me  '  ^  <  jlrjvp  of  >jx  m||M  hither  from  the  city  it  one  of  "Tent  beauty,  winding  through  the  Golden  Gate  Park,  which  mmprinn  inorv  tlmn  1,001)  acre*. 

In  thischurmiog  park  in  a  mn*ic-*tnnd,  in  front  of  which  stand*  a  fine  statue  of  Fmncit  Scott  Key.  the  author  of 


which  no  visitor  can  over 
their  nteep  side*,  plunging 
law  of  the  Slate, 
tile  sunnient  plac 


admitted  free  of  charge.  Moreover,  the  di 
oiu-  half  of  which  ..re  laid  out  in  walk.,  lawn.,  tlowcr-bed.  and  drivi-wny. 
“The  Star  Spangled  Banner." 


vnvivMITF  VAIIPY  FROM  ARTISTS’  POINT.  CALIFORNIA. -One  ncter  wearies  of  thi»  inimitable  volley.  Froui  every  "  Poini "  of  observation  new  marvel.  nr,  di^cmible.  For 
'  osr.M  11 1.  »  Ai.  .  .  •  •  with  j(,  ujvrtgc  cliff*,  it.  barren  precipice*,  it*  flowor-strewn  carpet  >.f  rich  vegetation  nml  it*  atapendoa*  waterfall.  During  unnumbered 

nK.  »  it  has  mude  this  am  Mall-«  appreciation,  Nature  displayed  these  wondrous  henutiea  daily  to  the  passing  nun.  and  nightly  to  the  moon  and  .tar.,  without  a  human 

centuries,  with  her  usun  »  followed  other  centuries  when  to  the  savage*  who  visited  ihi»  place  it*  marvelous  phenomena  seemed  hut  the  manifestations  of  some  hideous  deity, 

eye  to  gore  upon  their  charm*.  t,mn  could  he  aroused  in  tho  wild  beasts  which  made  ita  cave*  tlicir  home*.  But  now  this  graud  Yoaemite  is  a  kind  oi  *hrinc.  where 

awakening  little  more  npprcc  a  ion  n  Power  which  ho*  thus  revealed  itself.  "The  uudevout  astronomer  is  mad,”  exclaimed  thr  poet  a*  he  gated  upon  the  darkened  universe 

thousand*  annually  eome  to  wor*  up  onc  u|g0  Chnructerite  the  man  who  tread*  this  mountain-girdled  valley  of  Yo.emite,  and  doe*  not  reverently  look  through  Nature  up  to 

strewn  w  ith  innumerable  «uus  nn  »ys  '  Mn  |,edi*ap|>ointed  in  the  Yoscmltc.  In  the  word*  of  the  Queen  of  Sheba,  the  astonished  traveler  lure  exclaim*  "The half  ha*  notlieea 

Nature’s  God.  Anticipate  w  lut  }«>»i  w  .  .  (  effp(.,  Truer  words  were  uevor  written  than  those  of  Lowell.  "A  thing  of  beauty  is  a  joy  forever,  "  and  whatever  else  may  be 

told  me."  Nor  doc*  familiarity  wi  i  »  g  »|oriou*  ravine  will  linger  like  uu  inspiration  with  the  traveler  who  has  stood  between  it*  peerless  walls  till  memory  shall  have 


MISSION  OF 
fuitliful  and  hi' 
of  Catholic  Miaiont  m 
ii|inu  in  fiction,  mid  never  me 
illiKtnitiou.  It  mu  founded 


i  all  the  world  and  preach  the  ( 


creature."  there  have  urvrr  hewn  wanting 

. .  . . . -  ^  "r 

. ”Sa'ac”~f™lW  '  IU., . V  I.V  II  II  111.-  ..1 .1.™  r.lii.,1,,.,,  M . .  ..  . . .  s„,  ..Ill.-I  l.  «... 

tore  umrcfully  rail  .ITect.vei,  .  w.u  of  ,hp  blue  »«■•  dotterl  here  .ml  there  with  .now,  wdk  It  »».  once  .rr,  pnwpcimu  infiueDli.l 

ri  in  «  lovely  epot.  comm.  .  C  J  fo<,  ,.linllr,  t,^  with  thU  mi«ion.  had  mte.relh  nt  rrpuUl.nn  f..r  dneerm  .ml  Ktmd  condnrt  At  the 

Sonic  of  the  Father,  cultivntiil  tin-  vine  here  » ith  itn-nt  mu  r>  **•  ^  jn(.  V1  r„,,i,||v  tliat  in  three  month*  there  were  more  »<iti*r.  Impli/i  .1  ih  in  damn:  the  three  prenou.  year, 

dentil  of  ita  founder  it  numbered  470  Chri.tinn.,  and  nflerwart  >  t  0  "  .  .  (n  ,hp  United  Stnto*.  it.  glory  lum  departed  with  the  .lr|iartnre  of  the  Indian,  themwlri.  There  «till 

llm  now  San  Jii.n  i.  in  i  dlUpIdtted  condition.  and  llkc m*"/  ",  '  ,  lrl,  .|,,ir..yed  by  »n  eurth.|U.ke  in  1HI2.  when  many  Indian,  were  buried  in  it*  fall, 
remain  here,  however,  the  ruin*  of  an  iminei.*e  mid  hnud*omo  Churcn.  which  ^ 


